Carlous Linnaeus

• Developed Taxonomy based system size,shape,color,method of obtaining food.

Scientific Name

• Genus and Species

Organism Classification

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• Go From least specific to most specific

Eight major phyla of invertebrates

• Sponges, Cniderans,Flatworms ,Roundworms, segmented worms, mollusks,arthopods,echinoderms

What is the percetage of animals are marine Invertebrates

• 97% of all animals are Marine Invertebrates

Characteristics of Animals that are Invertebrates

• Eukaryotic
• Digest Food
• Heterotrophs( have to eat)
• Multi-cellular
• Can move

Vertebrates

• Have a Backbone and has an endoskeleton

Invertebrates

•  Have no back bone and has an exoskeleton,made of chitin ,need to  malt to get bigger.

Symmetry for invertebrates

• Bilateral=2 equal halfs
• Radial=circular
• Indefinite= Asymmetrical; Sponges are the only asymmetrical animals.

Phylum Porifera: Sponges

• Sessile invertebrates found in saltwater
• No organ systems
• Asymmetrical
• Filter Freeders that eat living creatures
• Celltypes: Porecells- allows for intake of water (pushed by Flagella in Celluarcells).               -WanderingCells- Jelly like middle layers contains spicules( Needle like cells that form a simple skeleton)and or spongin (elastic,resistant fibers made of protein for support.)                                                        - Collarcells- contain flagella-movement of flagella create a current to intake water for food and oxygen.
• Inside a sponge is a hollow opening called Osculum where water leaves the organsium.
• Reproduce sexually- spawning,And asexually- Budding.
• Planktonic Larvae settle and Metamorphize
• Found in poles and the tropics but most commonly found in the tropics
• Types of Sponges: Encrusting, Glass,Boring,Coralline ,Bath.                                                       

Phylum Cnideria

• Includes: Corals,Seaaneones,Hydroids,Seafans,&Jellyfishes
• Radial Symmetry-Symmetry around a point (like a clock face)
• 2- Cell layers, body is a sack with one body opening(mouth-no anus)
• Collect food with Paralying nematocysts-coiled, stinging darts within the tentacles
• 2 Body types: Polyp- with mouth on top with tentacles are attached/cant move.                  - Medusa- Mouth on bottom with tentacles free moving.(Jelly fish)
• Jelly fish live in colonies or groups
• Carnivores-with extracellular(digestion outside cells) or intracellular(lining in the gut completes breakdown of food)Digestion.
• Septa- Partitions in the gut to absorb more in digestion.
• Contains: nerve, Digestion and Muscle tissues.                    

Types of Cniderians

• A. Class Hydrozoa                                 -Includes the Firecorals and Siphonphores     -Live in complex colonies that alternate between attached Polyps and Medusa forms -Polyps that attach and have stingingcells -Planula-Cylindrical,Flagellated stages with 2 layers of cells                                                -Siphonophores- gas filled float with nematocysts(man of war)
• B.Class Scyphozoa                                -Jellyfish                                            -Dominate stage of life is Medusa            -Swim with rhythimic contractions easily carried by current                                        -bell rounded body
• C.Class Anthozoa                                  -Lagest class includes corals and anemones -solitary or colonial Polyps ( lack Medusa stage)
• ex: Kingdom Animalia
•       Phylum Cnidaria
•       1. Class Hydrozoa
•       2. Class Scyphozoa
•       3. Class Anthozoa

Worms

• Bilaterally Symmetrical
• 1st organisms to posses:                                  - Anterior-Front(mouth)                            -Posterior -Back                                       -Dorsal- Top                                           -Venytral-Bottom

Flatworms

•  Simplest animal with real organs and organ systems
• Posses central nervous systems witha brain
• Have eyespots ,detect and React to light
• one opening the mouth 
• 3 cell layers:                                      -Ectoderm-outerdermis                      -Mesoderm-middle layer                   -Endoderm- inner layer(like the lining of the gut)
• Reproduce asexually and Regeneration
• Most Commontypes:                            -Flukes- largest group Parsite(Feed on and usually harms the host)                    -Planereans- free living, found in ponds and in streams                                            -Tapeworms- No mouth or digestive system,they absorb food directly from the host.

Ribbonworms

• -Completedigestive system(mouth and anus)     - Circulatory system ( to deliver oxygen and nutrients)                                             -Proboscis- Fleshy tube used to entangle prey    -Nocturnal,and found in shallow water

RoundWorm

- Have a hydrostatic skeleton-allows for movement.

-Most are free living, some parasitic.

-Common types: Hookworm-Parisite of human(wear shoes to prevent them)

-Ascaris-live in intestines of pig horses,and humans

- Heartworms,and Trichinosis

Segmentedworms

• Most complex worms
• Coelem liquid filled cavity that hold internal organs
• Setae-bristle like structures uesd to burrow in the soil
• Closed circulatory system(blood always remains in vessels)
• Respire through gills(1st organism with gills)
• Common types: Swarming Palolo- Come to the surface to swarm.                          -Leeches

Other Types of Worms

• Peanutworms-Hide in muddy bottoms, rocks and shells
• Echiurans- Look like soft unsegmented sausage ,they are deposit feeders that use Proboscis to get organic matter.
• Beardworms-Long,thin but lack a digestive system,tentacles absorb nutrients dissovled in the water.
• Arrowworms - Spend all time motionless, bottom dwelling Transparent with fins.

Echinodermata

• Seastars,seacucumbers ,seaurchins & sealilies
• Kingdom:Animalia
• Phylum:Echinodermata
• Class: Crinoida, Asteroidea,ophiuroidea,Echinodea,Holothuroidea
• General Anatomy&Physiology 
• Adults have Radial symmetrical-bodies divided into 5 parts.
• Larva bilaterally symmetrical most have hundreds of tiny tubefeet.
• Some use a water vascular system for motion transmit or withdraw pressure through system causing their tubefeet to extend or withdraw
• Dermal branchiae-soft bumps on body that absorb oxygen from water.
• Pedicellaria - Pincer like pairs of organs that are used to pluck objects off the skin of an echinoderm

Class Crinodia

•   Featherstars & Sealilies                          -Have long, feather like arms
• Have short,hook-like legs  called cirri
• Feather stars attach to the bottom by cirri sea liles have stalks.
• Have upward facing mouths
• most are nocturnal feeders
• Use arms to capture plankton and other small particles from the currents 
• During the day, coil up tightly

Class Ophiurodia

• Brittle stars- have slender legs that are proportioately longer and thinner than Seastar legs.
• Single set of organs in their central disk.
• Use arms aswell as tubefeet for locomotion(quick)
• Feed on detritus and small animals (detritus decomposing small bits of animals or sediments)

Class Asteroidea

• Seastars
• Usually have 5 arms although some have more
• Downward facing mouths and tubefeet cover underside.
• Each arm carries an equal share of the animals systems & organs(Can Regenerate)
• Predators feed on other inverts by attacking and digesting Prey by inverting the stomach and sucking up digested material.

Class Echinoidea

• Sand Dollars and Seaurchins
• Adults have a five section body,but no arms
• Have Tube Feet
• Seaurchins gaze on Algae- Play an important role on the health on many ecosystems; have spines for protection

Class Holothuroidea

• Seacucumbers
• Elongated five segmented body with tentacles around mouth
• Most feed by moving along with mouths open allowing sand to flow through them
• Defense- tough skins,ability to expela substantial portion of internal organs,some spit out sticky mess of Toxic Tubes

Echinodermata

• Sea stars,Sea Cucumbers, Sea Urchins,& Sea lilies
• General Anatomy& Physiology:
• Adults have Radial symmetrical bodies divided into 5 parts                                                     
• Larva Bilaterally symmetrical most have hundreds of tiny tube feet.
• Some use a water vascular system for motion transmit or withdraw pressure through system causing tube feet to extend or withdraw
• Dermal branchiae- soft bumps on body that absorb Oxygen from water.