Term
| What is the unified cell theory? |
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Definition
| All living things are composed of one or more cells and cells are made from other cells |
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Term
| What are a few differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
many membrane bound organelle
and several rod-shaped chromosomes |
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Term
| What's the Plasma Membrane and what's its function? |
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Definition
| phospholipid bilayer that surrounds cell and separates the outside from the inside and controls what gets in and what goes out. |
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Term
| What organelle generates energy for animal cells and what is the form of this energy? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria in the form of ATP |
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Term
| What organelle generates energy for plant cells and what is the form of this energy? (note: the E made for the plant - not the E required for the reaction) |
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Definition
| Chloroplasts in the form of glucose |
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Term
| What do lysosomes and peroxisomes digest, respectively? |
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Definition
Peroxisomes detoxify poisons and oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids
Lysosomes breakdown biological macromoleclues and worn-out organelles |
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Term
| What's the endomembrane system? |
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Definition
| group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins |
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Term
| Name 4 organelles found within the membrane system |
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Definition
| endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane |
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Term
| Give the function of 2 of the organelles you listed |
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Definition
Functions of endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane
ER: modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids
Plasma Membrane: controls what goes in and out of cell, separates inside and outside |
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Term
| What's the difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum- structurally AND functionally? |
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Definition
Smooth ER: has few to no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids, carbohydrates, steroid hormones, detoxifies medicines and poisons
Rough ER: has a lot of ribosomes and synthesizes proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| the structure/skeleton of a cell; helps it retain shape |
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Term
| What are the three fiber types of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
1) microfilaments
2) intermediate filaments
3) microtubules |
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Term
Both plant and animal cells must communicate with one another,
especially those which form tissues. What about the structure of a
plant cell makes communication more difficult than for animal
cells? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the types of intercellular junctions of animal cells?
Briefly describe how they are different. |
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Definition
Gap, tight, desmosomes
Gap junction: channels between adjacent cells which
allow for transport of ions, nutrients, etc.
Tight junction: watertight seal between two adjacent
animal cells
Desmosomes: Join adjacent cells together and maintain cells in a sheet-like
formation in organs and tissues that stretch |
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Term
| How are gap junctions and plasmodesmata similar- structurally AND functionally? |
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Definition
Structurally: both have channels that pass through the walls of adjacent cells
Functionally: allow for material to be passed between cells |
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