Term
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Definition
| a rare anomaly in monochorionic twins in which one twin develops without a heart and often without an upper half of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| severe generalized massive edema often seen with fetal hydrops |
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Term
| caudal regression syndrome |
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Definition
| lack of development of the caudal spine and cord that may occur in the fetus of a diabetic mother |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the division of the egg occurs after 13 days |
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Term
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Definition
| twins that arise from two separately fertilized ova |
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Term
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Definition
| Coma and seizures in the second and third trimester patient secondary to pregnancy-induced hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal death that occurs after the fetus has reached a certain growth that is too large to resorb into the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid occurring in at least two areas; pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, or skin edema |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive vomiting that leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance |
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Term
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
(MSAFP) |
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Definition
| an antigen present in the fetus; the maternal serum is tested between 15 and 22 weeks of gestation to detect abnormal levels; can also be tested directly from the amniotic fluid during amniocentesis |
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Term
| Maternal serum quad screen |
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Definition
| a blood test conducted during the second trimester (15-22 weeks) to identify pregnancies at a higher risk for chromosomal anomalies (trisomy 21 and trisomy 18) and neural tube defects |
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Term
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Definition
| twins that arise from a single fertilized egg, which divides to produce two identical fetuses |
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Term
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Definition
| term that describes a group of conditions in which hydrops is present in the fetus but is not a result of fetomaternal blood group incompatibility |
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Term
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Definition
| too little amniotic fluid; fluid measures <5cm of the amniotic fluid index |
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Term
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Definition
| too much amniotic fluid; fluid measures >22cm of amniotic fluid index |
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Term
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Definition
| (also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension [PIH]) a complication of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension, proteinuria, and edema |
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Term
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Definition
| system of antigens that may be found on the surface of red blood cells. When the Rh antigen is present, the blood type is Rh positive; when the Rh antigen is absent, the blood type is Rh negative. A pregnant woman who is Rh negative may become sensitized by the blood of an Rh-positive fetus. In subsequent pregnancies, if the fetus is Rh positive, the Rh antibodies produced in maternal blood may cross the placenta and destroy fetal cells, causing erythroblastosis fetalis. |
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Term
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Definition
| overlapping of the skull bones; indicates fetal death |
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Term
Systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) |
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Definition
| inflammatory disease involving multiple organ systems; a fetus of a mother with SLE may develop heart block and pericardial effusion |
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Term
| Twin-twin transfusion syndrome |
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Definition
| monozygotic twin pregnancy with single placenta and arteriovenous shunt within the placenta; the donor twin becomes anemic and growth restricted with oligohydramnios; the recipient twin may develop hydrops and polyhydramnios |
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Term
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Definition
| any pregnancy with increased chance for an adverse outcome |
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Term
- Preclampsia
- third-trimester bleeding
- prolapsed cord
- premature delivery
- congenital anomalies
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Definition
| Multiple gestation is at increased risks such as: |
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Term
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Definition
| Twins have how much greater chance of perinatal death than a singleton? |
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Term
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Definition
| From a single fertilised egg which divides, resulting in two genetically identical fetuses |
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Term
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Definition
From two separately fertilized ova
(fraternal) |
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Term
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Definition
| most common form of twinning |
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Term
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Definition
| Always are dichorionic diamniotic |
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Term
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Definition
| If a membrane seperates the two fetuses |
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Term
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Definition
| twin pregnancy demonstrates two gestational sacs and two placentas |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of placentas and amnions depends on what? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Very early division results in what? |
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Term
| monochorionic monoamniotic |
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Definition
| Very late division(beyond 8 days) results in what? |
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Term
| monochorionic monoamniotic |
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Definition
| risk of conjoined twins with? |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of cells between 4 to 8 days will result in? |
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Term
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Definition
| most common form of monozygotic twins |
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Term
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Definition
| If seperate placentas are seen it confirms what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Twin peak sign determines what? |
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Term
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Definition
| the membrane is very thin and seen separating at a point, known as "T" sign |
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Term
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Definition
Arteriovenous shunt within the placenta, the arterial blood of one twin is pumped into the venous system of the other twin. As a result, the donor twin becomes anemic and growth restriction will result
Monozygotic twins, share placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| A twin appearing "stuck" because of less AFI and smaller size |
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Term
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Definition
| The donor twin in twin-twin transfusion usually has ? |
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Term
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Definition
| the recepient twin usually has? |
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Term
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Definition
| Stuck twin syndrome is also know as what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Poly-olli/stuck twin syndrome usually occurs around when? |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in BPD of what is a predictor of growth discordance? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Difference in estimated fetal weigh of greater than what is a predictor of growth discordance? |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in AC of what is a predictor of growth discordance? |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in FL of what is a predictor of growth discordance? |
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Term
Trisomy 18
(edward's syndrome) |
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Definition
| Can cause growth restriction and therefore should be ruled out in the case of twins with growth discordance |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in monochorionic twin preg. in which one twin develops without a heart and often the absence of the upper body |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by extensive accumulation of fluids in fetal tissues or body cavities |
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Term
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Definition
Due to blood group incompatibility, fetal red blood cells obtain entry into the maternal blood system, and the mother lacks the antigen and mounts an immune response.The resulting antibody the mother develops can cross the placenta and destroy the fetal blood cells.
Rh neg mothers |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrops present in the fetus without fetomaternal blood group incompatibility |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiovascular lesions are often the most frequent causes |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by blood incompatability, Rh neg mothers |
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Term
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Definition
| Ultrasound findings of scalp edema, pleural and pericardial effusions, ascites, and elevated heart rate suggest what? |
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Term
| Insulin-dependent pregnant diabetics |
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Definition
| increased risk of unexplained stillbirth and congenital anomalies among mothers with what? |
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Term
- macrosomia
- skeletal and central nervous system
- cardiac
- renal
- gastrointestinal
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Definition
| Congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers: |
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Term
| 38 weeks or when fetal lungs develop |
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Definition
| Fetuses of mothers with diabetes are commonly delivered when? |
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Term
|
Definition
| what is associated with poor glucose control? |
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Term
| Caudal regression syndrome |
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Definition
| (lack of lower limbs) is seen almost exclusively in diabetic individuals, lack of development of the caudal spine and cord |
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Term
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Definition
| May be associated with small placentas because of the effect on the blood vessels. IUGR common |
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Term
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- Chronic hypertension
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Definition
| Two types of hypertension in pregnancy: |
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Term
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Definition
| pregnancy condition in which high blood pressure develops with protein-uria(protein in the urine) or edema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hydronephrosis is commonly seen on what side of the maternal kidneys? |
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Term
- infection
- congenital or chromosomal abnormalities
- preeclampsia
- placental abruption
- diabetes
- growth restriciton
- blood group isoimmunization
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Definition
| Common causes of fetal death include: |
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Term
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Definition
| Fetal heart tones should be heard with doppler at 12 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Mother should feel fetal movements when? |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal death that occurs after the fetus has reached a certain growth that is too large to resorb into the uterus |
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Term
|
Definition
| overlapping of the skull bones |
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