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| the study of factors that five rise to patterns in the distribution of organisms |
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| the sum of all places where we find life on earth |
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| all bodies of water, liquid and frozen, on the planet |
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| sediments, soils, and earth's outer rocky layer |
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| the gases and airborne particles that envelope earth |
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| average weather conditions over time |
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| the use of photovoktaic cells to generate hydrogen gas for use as fuel |
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| temperature gradients from earths poles to the equator |
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| caused by the release of smoke, soot, and sulfur dioxides into the atmosphere |
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| caused by sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere |
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| seasonal declines in ozone concentration above the earths poles |
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| caused by interaction of nitric oxide with sunlight in the atmospere |
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| weather conditions that trap a layer of cool dense air under warm air layer |
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| in marine biome-photic zone |
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| marine biome-aphotic zone |
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| mariine biome- neritic zone |
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| array of organisms and their physical environment all interacting by a one way flow of energy and a cycling of materials |
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| ingest decomposing particles of organic matter |
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| members of feeding relationships are structured in a hierarchy the steps of which are called_____________ |
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| herbivores to carnivores then decomposers |
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| in grazing food webs energy flows from |
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| in most natural comminity the consumers are______ |
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| straight line series of steps of who eats whom in an exosystem is called________ |
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| a biogeochemical cycle that deals with phosphorus and other nutrients that dont have gaseous forms is the ________ type |
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| respirtation burning and volcanic eruptions erotion of limestone |
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| in carbon cycle, carbon enters atmosphere through |
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| increase in concentration of a nondegradable substance in organisms as it is passed along food chains |
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| eats paricles of decomposing organic matter |
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| break down organic remains and wastes of all organisms chemically |
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| functional roles in a hierarchy of feeding relationships |
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| energy flows mostly into herbivores, carnivores, the decomposers |
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| energy from producers flows mainly into detritivores and decomposers |
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| spread into exosystems and start killing off predators that would keep populations balanced. affected many animals |
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| how does ddt damage ecosystems |
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| rate at which producers capture and store energy in their tissues during a given interval. amount of energy stored depends on how many producers ther are and the balance between photosynthesis and aerovic respiration. |
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| the gross primary pruduction minus the energy used by producers and soil detritivores and decomposers. energy subtracted bc it cannot be transferred to herbivores at the next trophic level |
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| shows dry weight of all of an ecosystems organisms in each tier |
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| shows how usable energy dissapears as it moves through ecosystem |
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| oxygen and hydrogen move in molecules of water |
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| carbon and nitrogen move in the air as gases |
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| solid nutrients accumulate on seafloor then come up through geological uplifting over millions of years |
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| earths water slowly moves from ocean into atmosphere to land and back to ocean. water that evaporates into lover atmosphere stays as apor cloudss and ice crystals. then falls as rain or snow. ocean circulation and wind patterns influence this cycle. |
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| region of any specified size in which all precipitaion drains into one stream or river |
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| This is called the greenhouse effect |
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| greenhouse gases are atmospheric molecules that affect the global temperature, visible light wavelengths that pass through the gases, down to earths surface. Earth absorbs these wavelengths & produces heat greenhouse gases absorb this heat and radiate it back to the earth causing earths temperatures to rise. |
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| a long term increase in temperature near earths surface. since direct atmosphere readings started in 1861, the lower atmospheres temperature has risen by more than 1 degree feirenheit mostly since 1946. 9 of the 10 hottest years on record occured between 1990 & the present, irreversible climate changes are already under by suggested by satellites, weather stations, & balloons.Polar ice is melting and glaciers are retreating. this past century , the sea level may have risen as much as 20 centimeters |
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| starts with nitrogen fixation; bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen in the air to ammonia and then to ammonium. then to ammonification bacteria and fungi make additional ammonium available to plants when they break down nitrogen. by then its called nitrification and in this process bacteria converts nitrites in soil to nitrate which is another form that plants easily take up. ecosystem then loses nitrogen when dentrifying bacteria convert nitrite and nitrate back to gasuous nitrogen and when nitrogen is leached from soil.atmospheric cycle |
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| phosphorous from rocks is weathered. soil and water are used by organisms and death returns p to the soil. soil and water may also flow into oceans where plankton occumulationg p are eaten by fish who are eaten by birds who deficate(guano returns p to soil) |
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| nutrient enrichment of an ecosystem that is otherwise low in nutrients |
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