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| in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm |
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| the theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells |
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| a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment |
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| the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus |
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| the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes |
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| in physical science, an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons |
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| a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples are archaea and bacteria |
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| an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes include protists, animals, plants, and fungi but not archaea or bacteria |
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| one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function |
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| a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
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| a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
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| a group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
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| When phospholipids line up so that their heads point outward towards the water and their tails point inward away from the water; making a double layer |
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| in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
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| the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
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| the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
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| a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
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| in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
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| a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
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| a system of flattened membranous sacs |
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| a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
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| the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division |
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| one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement |
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| a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement |
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| a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
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| a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
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| an organelle that is active during mitosis |
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| a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
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| a large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells or protozoans and that contains air or partially digested food |
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| an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell |
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| an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
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| a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
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| a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
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