Term
| ________ deduced the Law of proportion, which states that "When two ______ combine to form more than one compound mass, one of the elements is combined with the _________ of the second element in the __________(S.H.F.R.) |
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Definition
John Dalton,
elements,
fixed ratio,
simplest whole number ratio |
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Term
| J.J. Thompson in _____ discovered the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe J.J. Thompson's experiment that discovered the electron. What was the conclusion? |
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Definition
| He used a cathode ray in his experiment, which was a beam that formed from cathodes (- plate) to anodes (+ plate). His conclusion was that the cathode rays consist of negatively charged particles called ELECTRONS that constitute matter. He did this by calculating the mass of electrons to charge ratio. |
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Term
| What do the "plum pudding theory" refer to? |
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Definition
| That the first belief of what the relationship between the nucleus and electrons had looked like plum pudding |
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Term
| Millikan obtained ____________ from his ________ experiment. He viewed THOMPSON'S experiment and found the ________ of an electron. |
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Definition
the charge of electrons,
oil drop experiment,
mass of an electron |
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Term
| E. Rutherford in ____ discovered the __________ of an atom from his ________ experiment. In his experiment, he used _____ particles. |
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Definition
| 1911, the nucleus of an atom, gold foil experiment, alpha particles |
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Term
| Describe the Hypothesis, Results, and Conclusion of Rutherford's gold foil experiment: |
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Definition
Hypothesis: The alpha particles will pass through the gold foil
Result: Most went through, but some of them rebounded/deflected at large angles
Conclusion: The mass of an atom is in the positively charged nucleus. Most of an atom is empty space, around which negatively charged electrons move freely |
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Term
| Sir James Chadwick, in ____, confirmed the existence of _____ by bombarding a ________ atom with alpha particles to eject a ______. (A _____ is a particle with no charge) |
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Definition
| 1932, neutrons, Beryillium, neutron, neutron |
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Term
| Name the Approx. relative mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
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Term
| What is a mass spectrometer? (+, what is it able to measure? ________ #) |
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Definition
| A machine that compares the mass of an atom to the standard mass of C-12. This instrument is able to measure Avogadro's #. |
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Term
| Dmitiri Mandelev created... |
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Definition
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Term
| Henry Moseley built of of Mandelev's work, and organized the periodic table by ________, which is what we do today |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the atomic number? |
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Definition
| the # of protons + the # of electons. |
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Term
| On the periodic table, where are the metals, non-metals, transition metals, metaloids, and actonides? |
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Definition
metals= the left
non-metals= the right
transition metals= the middle
metaloids= the "stairs"
actonides= the bottom, separated on the periodic table |
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Term
| What are the six metaloids on the periodic table? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what columns of the periodic table are Alikali, Alkali Earth, Halogens, and Noble gases represented |
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Definition
Alkali= IA
Alkali Earth= IIA
Halogens= VIIA
Noble Gases= VIII |
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Term
| On the periodic table, which way do periods go? groups? |
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Definition
periods= horizontal
groups= vertical |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound that contains water weakly bounded in it's crystal |
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Term
| How do you find the atomic mass unit (from word problem) |
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Definition
| multiply the abundance by the mass (in ATOMIC MASS UNITS). Add all of these values together in the end, and write it out by the common unit. |
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Term
| What are binary compounds? |
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Definition
| A compound with two NM elements |
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Term
| An ion is a charged particle from a ___ or ____ of electrons, Generally, Metals lose ______, while Non-Metals gain ______ |
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Definition
gain or loss,
metals LOSE protons,
non-metals GAIN electrons |
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