Term
| What does the nervous system control? |
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Definition
| Thoughts, movements, simple life processes, and immediate processes |
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Term
| What does the endocrine system control? |
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Definition
| Growth, development, responses to environment, long-term processes |
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Term
| Is the nervous system or the endocrine system a physically connected network? |
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Definition
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Term
| Something that causes a response is called a? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the CNS or the PNS include the brain and the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three main parts of a neuron and what do they do? |
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Definition
Cell body- contains nucleus and organelles
Dendrites- receive messages from neighboring cells
Axon- Carries signal away from cell body to other cells |
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Term
| What are the three types of neurons and what are their functions? |
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Definition
Sensory neurons- detect stimuli and transmit signals to brain and spinal cord
Interneurons- receive signals from sensory neurons, processes the information, and pass signals to motor neurons
Motor neurons- pass messages from the nervous system to other tissues, such as muscles |
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Term
| What causes resting potential in neurons? |
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Definition
| The unequal concentration of ions inside and outside the cell |
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Term
| At rest, are there more K+ or Na+ ions inside the cell? Is the inside of the cell negatively charged or positively charged? |
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Definition
| More K+ in the cell. The cell in negatively charged. |
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Term
| When a neuron is stimulated, what happens? |
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Definition
| Gated channels for Na+ open, and Na+ goes into the cell. This makes the next channel open. At the same time, the K+ channels are slowly opening, allowing K+ to diffuse out. |
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Term
| When the signal crosses the tiny gap between neurons, what is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the axon contains chemical-filled vesicles that bind to the membrane and release their chemicals during a synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
| They bind to the receptor proteins on the adjacent neuron and generate action potential |
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Term
| The senses help the body maintain what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five types of sensory receptors and what do they do? |
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Definition
Photoreceptors- sense light
Mechanoreceptors- Sense pressure, movement, tension
Chemoreceptors- Sense chemicals dissolved in a fluid
Thermoreceptors- Sense temperature
pain receptors- Sense heat or the lack of it, and chemicals released by damaged tissues |
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Term
| Where are the rod and cone cells located, and what is the difference between them? |
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Definition
| They are located on the back wall of the eye, the retina. The difference is that rod cells detect light and cone cells detect color |
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Term
| What is the purpose of adjusting the size of the pupil? |
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Definition
| To control how much light enters the eye |
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Term
| Put these steps in order: A. Light stimulates rod and cone cells. B. Light goes through the cornea. C. Light passes through the lens. D. Light passes through the pupil. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are hair cells and how do they help you hear? |
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Definition
| Hair cells detect vibrations in the cochlea and bend which generates impulses that are sent to the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the semicircular canals, fluid moves when your head moves and that bends the hair cells generating impulses which regulate balance |
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Term
| True or false. Your smell and taste senses are closely related. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sensors are the sensors that sense smells and taste? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 small bones in the ear called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many flavors can the tongue detect? |
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Definition
| 5-sweet, sour, salty, bitter, savory |
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Term
| What type of sensors are the sensors that sense touch? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sensors that sense temperature and pain or what kind of sensors? |
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Definition
| Thermoreceptors and pain receptors |
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Term
| Are the mechanoreceptors that detect heavy pressure located in the upper layer of skin or the deeper layer of skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do pain receptors sense pain? |
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Definition
| They detect chemicals that are released by damaged cells |
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Term
| What is the difference between steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones? |
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Definition
| Steroid hormones enter the cell and non-steroid hormones don't enter the cell. Also, All steroid hormones are made up of cholesterol and there are 3 types of non-steroid hormones that are made up of one or more amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Put these steps in order: A. Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane B.Steroid binds with a receptor in the cell C. The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to the DNA D. Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| List the steps that a non-steroid hormone goes through to create a protein or an enzyme. |
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Definition
1. Binds to receptor in cell membrane
2. Receptor stimulates 2nd messenger
3. 2nd messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm
4. 2nd messenger reactions activate enzymes |
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus do? |
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Definition
-makes hormones to stimulate pituitary gland
-controls growth, reproduction, and body temperature |
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Term
| What does the pituitary gland do? |
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Definition
-controls cell growth and concentration of water in blood
-makes some hormones that stimulate the adrenals, thyroid, and gonads |
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Term
| What does the thyroid gland do? |
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Definition
| Regulates metabolism, growth, development |
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Term
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Definition
-Makes hormones that causes white blood cells to mature
-Stimulates white blood cells to fight off infection |
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Term
| What do the adrenal glands do? |
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Definition
-Control "fight or flight" response
-makes hormones that increase breathing rate, blood pressure, and alertness |
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Term
| What does the pancreas do? |
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Definition
-Makes digestive enzymes
-regulates how much glucose the body stores and uses |
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Term
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Definition
| -makes steroid hormones that influence sexual development and functions |
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Term
| What is the correct order of steps that the body goes through in response to the cold? |
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Definition
-thermoreceptors send a signal to the hypothalamus
-Hypothalamus releases TRH
-Pituitary gland releases TSH
-TSH stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine
-cells become more active |
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Term
| What are releasing hormones? |
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Definition
| Hormones that stimulate other glands to release other hormones |
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Term
| True or false. Too much or too little of a hormone will not affect the entire body. |
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Definition
| False. Wrong amounts of hormones affect the entire body. Some diseases caused by this are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and others. |
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