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| The evolutionary history of a species or group of species |
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| A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their eveolutionary backgrounds |
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| The discipline of science dedicated to naming and calssifying organisms |
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| Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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| The branching diagram taht represents the evolutionary history of a group of organisms |
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| A branch point of a phylogenetic tree from which more than two descendent groups descend |
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| Analogous structures that arose independently |
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| The discipline of science that uses data from DNA and other molecules to determine evolutionary relationships |
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| A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor |
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| Monophyletic Group (clade) |
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Consists of an ancestral species and ALL of its descendents
[image] |
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A clade containing an ancestral species and SOME of its descendents
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| A clade in which some members have different ancestors [image] |
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A spevies or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that includes the species that is being studied, which is known as an ingroup
Outgroups can be chosen based on morphology, paleontology, embryonic development, and gene sequences
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| States that we should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistant with facts |
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| Genes that are found in different species, and their divergence traces back to the speciation events that produced the species |
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| Genes that are descended from the same ancestral gene by gene duplication in the course of evolution, especially when present in different species that have diverged after duplication |
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The theory that states that much evolutionary change in genes and proteins has no effect on fitness and therefore is not influenced by natural selection
Points out that many new mutations are harmful and are removed quickly |
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| The process in which genes are transferred from one genome to another through mechanisms such as exchange of transposable elements, plasmids, viruses, and perhaps fusion of organisms |
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