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| court order requiring explanation to a judge while a prisoner is being held |
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| the practice of some state courts using the bill of rights in their state constitutions to provide more protection for some rights than is provided by the supreme court's interpretation of the bill of rghts in the U.S. constitution |
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| law relating to injuries to person, reputation, or property |
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| a minor crime; the penalty is a fine or imprisonment for a short time, usually less than a year, in a local jail |
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| a serious crime, the penalty for which can range from imprisonment in a penitentiary for more than a year to death |
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| the authority of a court to hear a case "in the first instance" |
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| The power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or a government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.S. constitution or, in a state court, the state constitution |
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| an opinion unrelated to a particular case that gives a court's view about a constitution or legal issue |
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| a system for selecting judges that combines features of the appointive and elective methods. The governor selects judges from lists presented by panels of lawyers and layperson, and at the end of their term, the judges may run against their own record in retention elections |
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| certification by a public prosecutor that there is evidence to justify bringing named individuals to trial |
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| A formal written statement from a grand jury charging an individual with an offense; also called a true bill |
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| arrangement whereby attorneys are provided for persons accused of crimes who are unable to hire their own attorneys. The judge assigns a member of the bar to provide counsel to a particular defendant |
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to serve the public good; term used to describe work that lawyers or other professionals do for which they receive no fees |
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| Arrangement whereby public officials are hired to provide legal assistance to those persons accused of crimes who are unable to hire their own attorneys |
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| argeement between a prosector and a defendant that the defendant will plead guilt to a lesser offense to avoid having to stand trial for a more serious offense |
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| contracting public services to private organizations |
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