Term
| _________ is the body's ability to recognize and destroy specific pathogens and to prevent infectious diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| The body's immune system includes? |
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Definition
Bone Marrow
Lymphoid organs
&
Mononuclear phagocyte system
(also called reticuloendothelial system) |
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Term
| Primary functions of the immune system? |
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Definition
Defense
Homeostasis
&
Surveillance |
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Term
| What are the two types of WBC? |
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Definition
Granular
(Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils)
&
Agranular
(Monocytes and Lymphocytes) |
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Term
| 1._________ help to protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells. 2.__________ develop into cells that produce antibodies (plasma cells) |
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Definition
1.T cells (T Lymphocytes)
2.B cells (B Lymphocytes)
Key Concept
Lymphocytes formed in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues are able to transform into specialized cells called B cells and T cells. B cells provide humoral immunity by reacting to the presence of antigens to produce antibodies. These antibodies then target antigens for destruction. T cells, which proliferate at the direction of thymic hormones, attacked infected cells and provide cell-mediated immunity. |
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Term
Immunity created by the B lymphocytes
&
The body's resistance to circulating disease-producing antigens and bacteria. |
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Definition
Humoral Immunity
(Humoral= Body Fluid) |
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Term
| _________ (Large cell) engulf and destroy antigens after antibodies have identified them for destruction. |
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Definition
Macrophages
(Large cell derived from a monocyte) |
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Term
| Any foreign substance or molecule entering the body that stimulates an immune response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein substance that the body produces in response to an antigen. |
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Definition
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Term
Antibodies are commonly called 1._______ or 2._________.
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Definition
1.Gamma Globulins
2.Immunoglobulins |
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Term
| What are the five basic groups of immunoglobulins? |
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Definition
1.IgM
2.IgG
3.IgA
4.IgE
5IgD |
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Term
Immunoglobulin
Stimulates complement activity.
This is the antibody produced upon initial exposure to an antigen (such as after a first tetanus vaccination)
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Definition
IgM
IgM is abundant in the blood but is not usually present in organs and tissues. |
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Term
| Which immunoglobulin is abundant in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
Immunoglobulin
Protects the fetus before birth againt antitoxins, viruses, and bacteria
It is the only antibody transferred from mother to fetus across the placenta. |
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Definition
IgG
Most common antibody and is produced upon second and future exposures to an antigen |
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Term
| The most common antibody and is produced upon second and future exposures to an antigen |
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Definition
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Term
Immunoglobulin
Protects muscosal surfaces.
The major componenet of secretions such as saliva, tears, and bronchial fluids. |
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Definition
IgA
Important in the defense against invasion of microbes via the nose, eyes, lungs, and intestines. |
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Term
Immunoglobulin
Responsible for immediate-type allergic reactions, including latex allergies.
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Definition
IgE
Helpful in the developing world in fighting against parasitic infections, such as river blindness. |
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Term
Immunoglobulin
Function as an antigen receptor
It is present in the blood in very small amounts |
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Definition
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Term
| The body can make about ___________ individual antibodies. |
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Definition
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Term
| T cells (T Lymphocytes) produce an immunity called? |
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Definition
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Term
| T cells (T lymphocytes) are generally responsible for fighting 1.________, 2.________, and 3.________. |
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Definition
1. Cancer Cells
2. Viruses
3. Intracellular parasites |
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Term
| This cell is responsible for tissue and organ rejections after transplantation |
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Definition
T cells(T lymphocytes)
T Cells can differentiate between "self" and "non-self". |
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Term
| Macrophages, when combined with T cells, release a substance called? |
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Definition
Interleukins
(Stimulates T cell growth) |
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Term
Kills certain microbes and cancer cells.
Slightly larger than a B or a T cell. |
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Definition
Natural killer cell
also secretes some cytokines. |
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Term
| proteins that act as messengers to help regulate some of the functions of the lymphocytes and macrophages during the process of immune response. |
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Definition
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Term
Considered as a central or primary lymphoid organ.
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Definition
Thymus
Most active early in life and begins to atrophy at puberty. |
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Term
| This system is concerned with the destruction of worn-out blood cells. |
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Definition
| The mononuclear phagocyte system |
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Term
| ___________ are considered the final line of defense against disease. |
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Definition
| Specific defense mechanisms |
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Term
| Two main categories of specific immmunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ immunity that is inherited or genetic. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is attained through natural or artificial sources. |
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Definition
Acquired immunity
Key concept
Exposure to disease-causing organisms during one's life stimulates the process of acquired immunity. |
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Term
| ____________ occures between mothers and their infants. Immunity is transferred from mother to fetus during pregnancy via the placental circulation exchange. |
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Definition
| Naturally acquired passive immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| High risk in latex allergy |
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Term
| __________ results when a child is exposed to, and develops, a disease (Eg, measles or chickenpox) and subsequently builds up antibodies to infections that are caused by the same organism. |
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Definition
| Naturally acquired active immunity |
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Term
| _________occures when a person is deliberately exposed to a causative agent. Can also be acquired through active or passive means. |
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Definition
| Artificially acquired immunity |
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Term
| _________ occures when a person is not deliberately exposed to a causative agent. This immunity can occure both actively and passively. |
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Definition
| Naturally acquired immunity |
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Term
| __________ occures through an injection of the causative agent (antigen) into the person's system. This is called vaccination, inoculation, or immunization; the substance injected is called a vaccine. |
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Definition
| Artificially acquired active immunity |
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Term
| _________ occures with the injection of ready-made antibodies into a person's system |
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Definition
| Artifically acquired passive immunity. |
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Term
| ___________ changes an antigen, rendering it harmless to the body. This can be compared to a "Lock-and-Key" mechanism. |
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Definition
| Antibody-mediated immunity |
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Term
| Another mechanism for antigen destruction is called? |
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Definition
Complement fixation
A complement is a group of proteins normally present, but inactive, in the blood.
These complements help in the attack on invading antigens. |
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