Term
CIVILIZATION
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a complex institution with 5 characteristics
- without civilizations, no groups of people would have formed (no city-states, cities, etc.) |
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Term
SPECIALIZATION
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- the development of skills in a specific kind of work
- without specialization, there wouldn't be such a variety of jobs and responsibilities |
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Term
ARITSAN
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a skilled worker who makes objects by hand
- without artisans, there would be no jewelry, pottery, etc. |
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Term
INSTITUTION
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a long lasting pattern of organization in a community
- without institutions, there would be no organized leadership |
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Term
SCRIBE
(definition and historical significance and the term that it connects to) |
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Definition
- professional record keepers
- without scribes, there would be no records of what happened in the past
- connects to cuneiform |
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Term
CUNEIFORM
(definition and meaning and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a system of writing
- means "wedge shaped"
- it was a step forward in developing written language |
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Term
BARTER
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a type of trade without money (item for item)
- it allowed people to get products which they couldn't make themselves |
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Term
ZIGGURAT
(definition and meaning and historical significance) |
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Definition
- structured pyramid inside the temple walls, people would sacrifice/pray/perform rituals on it
- means "mountain of God"
- it gave people an additional organized place for worship |
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Term
FERTILE CRESCENT
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- the rich land between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea (in Southwest Asia)
- it was a place where people could live/farm easily |
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Term
MESOPOTAMIA
(definition and meaning and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a plan in the Fertile Crescent
- means "land between the rivers"
- home to the first cities and city-states |
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Term
CITY-STATE
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a city and its surrounding land (functions like an independent country)
- it was a step forward in the development of civilization |
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Term
DYNASTY
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- a series of rulers from a single family
- added to the social class "pyramid" |
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Term
CULTURAL DIFFUSION
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- where ideas/products spread from culture to culture
- allows ideas to spread so there are more ideas per civilization |
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Term
POLYTHEISM
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- belief in more than one god
- it shaped their religion, beliefs were based on nature so they applied their religous world view to what happened around them |
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Term
EMPIRE
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- several civilizations, cities, etc. under one ruler
- different groups of people with different cultures were more connected |
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Term
HAMMURABI
(definition and historical significance) |
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Definition
- the man who created the Hammurabi Code (rules, judgments, and laws)
- the Hammurabi Code gave people boundaries, which are vital to an organized, peaceful life |
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Term
What are the 5 characteristics of civilizations?
(include examples from Ur) |
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Definition
1. advanced cities (Uruk, Sumer)
2. specialized workers (farmers, teachers, artisians)
3. complex institutions (education system for scribes, government)
4. record keeping (cuneiform tablets, scribes)
5. advanced technology (the wheel, irrigation) |
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Term
| How did the social structure of village life change as the economy became more complex? |
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Definition
| More prominent social classes formed as a variety of jobs formed, which is important because it divides wealth, power, and influence. |
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Term
| How did life in Sumer differ from life in a small farming community of the region? |
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Definition
| In Sumer, there was much more organization. There were social classes, leaders, a variety of jobs, laws, and more. |
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Term
| Why were cities essential to the growth of civilization? |
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Definition
| Because they introduced people to a more complex way of life. |
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Term
| How was Sumerian culture spread throughout Mesopotamia? |
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Definition
| Through cultural diffusion which took place thorugh war, trade, and travel. |
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Term
| What areas of life did Hammurabi's Code cover? Why was the development of a written code of laws important to Mesopotamian society? |
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Definition
Hammurabi's Code covered 282 rules, judgments, and laws. It was important because it gave everybody the same boundaries and punishments.
This connects to the US constitution. |
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Term
| What advantages did living in cities offer the people of ancient Mesopotamia? |
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Definition
People in cities had much more freedom in what they did with their lives.
They were safer; if somebody stole from them, for example, there would be a punishment.
They were more organized because of the government.
They had much more variety of products because of trading. |
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