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ch 1
homeostasis
29
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
02/18/2008

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Term
endoderm
Definition
germ layer. epithelium, digestive tube, lungs, liver, urinary bladder, germ cells.
Term
mesoderm
Definition
germ layer. muscles, skeletal and jaw aspects, epithelium.
Term
ectoderm
Definition
germ layer. nervous system (brain and spinal cord), periferal nervous system, hair, skin, eyes, epithelium (some)
Term
four tissues
Definition
muscular, nervous, epithelial, connective
Term
circulatory system
Definition
heart, blood vessels, blood.


Function: transport of blood throughout the body's tissues
Term
digestive system
Definition
mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.


function: digestion and absorption of nutrients and water, elimination of wastes
Term
endocrine system
Definition
all glands or organs secreting hormones: Pancreas, testes, ovaries, hypothalamus, kidneys, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, intestinal, thymus, heart, and pineal, and endocrine cells in other locations.


function: regulation and coordination of many activities in the body, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and others
Term
immune
Definition
white blood cells, spleen, thymus


function: defense against pathogens
Term
integumentary system
Definition
skin

function: protection against injury and dehydration, defense against pathogens, regulation of body temperature
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
lymph vessels, lymph nodes

function: collect extracellular fluid for return to circulation, participate in immune defenses
Term
musculoskeletal
Definition
cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, joints, skeletal muscle.


function: support, protection, and movement of the body, production of the blood cells
Term
nervous system
Definition
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and ganglia, sense organs.

function: regulation and coordination of many activities in the body, detection of changes in the internal and external environments, states of consciousness, learning and cognition
Term
reproductive system
Definition
male: testes, penis, and associated ducts and glands
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands


function: production of sperm, transfer of sperm to female, production of eggs, provision of a nutritive environment for the developing embryo and fetus, nutrition of the fetus
Term
respiratory system
Definition
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs


function: exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen, regulation of hydrogen ion concentration (pH)
Term
urinary system
Definition
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

function: regulation of plasma composition through controlled excretion of salts, water and organic wastes.
Term
intracellular
Definition
inside the cell
Term
extracellular
Definition
outside the cell (interstitial fluid and plasma)
Term
interstitial fluid
Definition
extracellular fluid surrounding tissue cells (excludes plasma)
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the maintenance of certain key physiological variables within narrow limits despite changing conditions
Term
ATP- Atkinson energy charge (homeostatic set point)
Definition
0.9
Term
mitochondrial (homeostatic set point)
Definition
0.22V
Term
mean arterial pressure (homeostatic set point)
Definition
100mmHg
Term
arterial oxygen partial pressure (homeostatic set point)
Definition
100Torr
Term
blood [glucose] (homeostatic set point)
Definition
100mg/dl or 5.5 mM
Term
cell membrane potential (homeostatic set point)
Definition
-90 to -55mV (depending on cell type)
Term
arterial pH (homeostatic set point)
Definition
7.38
Term
plasma osmolality (homeostatic set point)
Definition
282 mOsm
Term
core body temperature (homeostatic set point)
Definition
37 degrees C
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