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| is the least specialized. |
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| in order for a substance to be smelled, it must be: |
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Definition
1. Volatile - capable of entering into a gaseous state so that the gaseous particles can enter the nostrils.
2. Water-soluble - that it can dissolve in the mucus to make contact with olfactory cells.
3. Lipid-soluble - Plasma membrane of olfactory hairs are largely lipid, the substance to be smelled must be dissolved in the lipid covering to make contact with olfactory hairs. |
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| Olfaction is the only major sensation that is... |
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Definition
| relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without first passing through the thalamus. |
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Definition
| – Is involved in the conscious perception of smell. |
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| – Is responsible for visceral and emotional reactions to odors and has connections to the limbic system, through which it connects to the hypothalamus. |
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| Intermediate Olfactory Area |
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Definition
| – A major mechanism by which sensory information is modulated within the olfactory bulb. |
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| Each olfactory tract terminates in an area of the brain called |
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Definition
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| Receptors for Gustatory Sensations, or sensations of taste |
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Definition
| are located in the taste buds. |
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Definition
-elevations on the tongue in which some of the taste buds are found
-Give the upper surface of the tongue its rough appearance |
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Definition
- Are surrounded by a wall. Are the largest type, are circular or and form an inverted V-shaped row at the posterior portion of the tongue.
Contain taste buds. |
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Definition
- Are mushroom-shaped; are knob-like elevations found primarily on the tip and sides of the tongue.
Contain taste buds. |
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Definition
– Are Leaf-shaped.
Contain taste buds. |
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Definition
- Are filament-shaped (threadlike structures) that cover the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Most numerous on the surface of the tongue but have no taste buds. |
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Definition
| – Substances that dissolve in saliva, enter the taste pore and, by various mechanism, cause the taste cells to depolarize. |
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Definition
| – Taste of salt results when Na+ diffuse through Na+ channels of the gustatory hairs or other cell surfaces of taste cells, resulting in depolarization of the cell. |
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Definition
– Hydrogen ions (H+) of acid can cause depolarization of the cells by one of three mechanisms:
1. They can enter the cell directly through H+ channels,
2. They can bind to ligand-gated K+ channels and block the exit of K+ from the cell, or
3. They can open ligand-gated channels for other positive ions and allow them to diffuse into the cell. |
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Term
| Sweet and Better Tastants |
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Definition
| – Bind to receptors on the gustatory hairs of taste cells and cause depolarization through a G protein mechanism. |
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Definition
- the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the eye
-Ophthalmologist - a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders with drugs, surgery, and corrective lenses. |
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Definition
| opening of center of iris of eyeball for light transmission |
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Definition
| circular, pigmented muscular membrane behind cornea |
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| "white" of eye, a coat of fibrous tissue that covers entire eyeball except for the cornea |
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Definition
| membrane that covers the sclera and lines eyelids |
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Definition
| folds of skin and muscle lined by conjunctiva |
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Definition
| site of union of upper and lower eyelids near nose |
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| space between eyelids when they are open |
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Definition
| site of union of upper and lower eyelids away from nose |
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Definition
| fleshy, yellowish projection of medial commissure that contains modified sweat and sebaceous glands |
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Definition
| hairs on margins of eyelids, usually arranged in 2 or 3 rows |
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Definition
| several rows of hairs superior to the upper eyelids |
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Definition
| a group of structures that manufactures and drains tears |
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Definition
| a watery solution containing salts, some mucus, and a bactericidal enzyme called lysozome; it cleans, lubricates, and moistens the eyeball |
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Definition
- Outer coat of the eyeball.
a. Sclera - "white of the eye" - provides shape and inner parts
b. Cornea - admits and refracts light |
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Definition
- middle layer of the eyeball.
Middle Coat
a. Choroid - provides blood supply and absorbs light.
b. Ciliary Body - secrets aqueous humor and alters shape of lens for near or far vision (accommodation).
c. Iris - regulates amount of light that enters eyeball. |
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Term
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Definition
| - black hole in the center of the iris through which light enters the eyeball. |
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Definition
- the third and inner coat of the eye.
-Receives light, converts light into generator potentials and nerve impulses, and transmits impulses to the optic (I) nerve.
*Primary function is image formation. |
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Definition
- refracts light.
*Cataract is a loss of transparency of the lens. |
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Term
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Definition
- a large space divided into two cavities:
a. Anterior Cavity - the division anterior to the lens.
-> Contains aqueous humor (watery)fluid similar to cerebrospinal fluid) that helps maintain shape of eyeball, and refracts light.
*Two divisions of Anterior Cavity:
(i) Anterior Chamber - which lies behind the cornea and in front of the iris.
(ii) Posterior Chamber - which lies behind the iris and in front of the suspensory ligaments and lens.
b. Posterior Cavity (Vitreous Chamber) - lies between the lens and the retina.
-Contains Vitreous body ( a jellylike substance) that help maintain shape of eyeball, keeps retina applied to choroid, and refracts light |
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