Term
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Definition
| A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abates (decreases the current frequency of) behavior that has been reinforced by food. |
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Term
| abolishing operation (AO) |
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Definition
| A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, the frequency of behavior that has been reinforced with food is increased or decreased by food deprivation or food ingestion. |
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Term
| conditioned motivating operation (CMO) |
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Definition
| A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history. For example, because of the relation between locked doors and keys, having to open a locked door is a CMO that makes keys more effective as reinforcers, and evokes behavior that has obtained such keys. |
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Term
| discriminative stimulus (sD) related to punishment |
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Definition
| A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced; this history of differential reinforcement is the reason an sD increases the momentary frequency of behavior. |
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Term
| establishing operation (EO) |
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Definition
| A motivating operation that establishes (increases) the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer. For example, food deprivation establishes food as an effective reinforcer. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, food deprivation evokes (increases the current frequency of) behavior that has been reinforced by food. |
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Term
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Definition
| A relatively permanent change in an organism's repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure. Respondent function-altering effects result from the pairing and un-pairing of antecedent stimuli. |
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Term
| motivating operation (MO) |
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Definition
| An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event. |
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Term
| recovery from punishment procedure |
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Definition
| The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence. This procedure is analogous to the extinction of previously reinforced behavior and has the effect of undoing the effect of the punishment. |
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Term
| reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R) |
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Definition
| A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement. It is exemplified by the warning stimulus in a typical escape-avoidance procedure, which establishes its own offset as reinforcement and evokes all behavior that has accomplished that offset. |
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Term
| reinforcer-abolishing effect |
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Definition
| A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abolishes (decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food. |
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Term
| reinforcer-establishing effect |
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Definition
| An increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example, food deprivation establishes (increases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food. |
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Term
| surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S) |
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Definition
| A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired. |
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Term
| transitive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-T) |
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Definition
| An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus. |
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Term
| unconditioned motivating operation (UMO) |
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Definition
| A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food without the necessity of any learning history. |
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Term
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Definition
Two kinds:
(a) The occurrence alone of a stimulus that acquired its function by being paired with an already effective stimulus.
or (b) the occurrence of the stimulus in the absence as well as in the presence of the effective stimulus.
Both kinds undo the result of the pairing. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is altered as a result of food deprivation and food ingestion. |
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