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ch 16
social psych
36
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
06/04/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Frustration-aggression principle
Definition
A principle statin that people aggress when their goals are thwarted
Term
Cooperation
Definition
Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit
Term
Altruism
Definition
Behavior hat benefits another without benefitting yourself
Term
Kin Selection
Definition
The process by which evolution selects for genes that cause individuals to provide benefits to their relatives
Term
Reciprocal altruism
Definition
Behavior that benefits another with the expectation tht those benefits will be returned in the future
Term
Prejudice
Definition
A positive or negative behavior towards another person based on their group membership
Term
Deindividuation
Definition
A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values
Term
Social loafing
Definition
The tendency for people to expend less effort when in a group alone
Term
Bystandard intervention
Definition
The act of helping strangers in an emergency situation
Term
Diffusion of responsibility
Definition
The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way
Term
Mere exposure effect
Definition
The tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure
Term
Passionate love
Definition
An experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction
Term
Companionate love
Definition
An experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partners well-being
Term
Social exchange
Definition
The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio costs to benefits
Term
equity
Definition
A state of affairs in which that cost-benefit of two partners are roughly equal
Term
Social influence
Definition
The control of one persons behavior by another
Term
Observational learning
Definition
Learning that occurs when one person observes another person being rewarded or punished
Term
Norm
Definition
A customary standard for behavior that is widely hared by members of a culture
Term
Normative influence
Definition
A phenomenon whereby one persons behavior is influences by another persons information about what is apporpriate
Term
Norm of reciprocity
Definition
The norm that people should benefit those who have benefited them
Term
Door in the face technique
Definition
A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behavior
Term
Conformity
Definition
The tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it
Term
Information influence
Definition
A phenomenon whereby a persons behavior is influenced by another persons behavior because hat latter provides information about what is good or true
Term
Persuasion
Definition
A phenomenon that occurs when a persons attitude or beliefs are influences by a communication from another person.
Term
Systematic persuasion
Definition
A change in attitudes or beliefs that is brought about by appeals to reason
Term
Heuristic persuasion
Definition
A change in attitudes or beliefs that is brought about by appeals to habit or emotion
Term
Foot in the door technique
Definition
A strategy uses to a person's desire for consistency to influence that persons behavior
Term
Cognitive dissonance
Definition
An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs
Term
Social cognition
Definition
The process by which people come to understand others
Term
Categorization
Definition
The process by which people identify a stimulus as a member of a class or relates stimuli.
Term
Stereotyping
Definition
The process by which people draw inference about other based on their knowledge of the categories to which other belong
Term
Perceptual confirmation
Definition
phenomenon that occurs when observers perceive what they expect to perceive
Term
Self- fulfilling prophecy
Definition
A phenomenon whereby observers bring about what they expect to perceive
Term
Attribution
Definition
An inference about that cause of a persons behavior
Term
Correspondence bias
Definition
The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even hen a persons behavior was caused by the situation
Term
Actor-observer effect
Definition
The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributes for the identical behavior of others
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