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Ch 14
Water Use and Management
29
Environmental Studies
12th Grade
09/17/2011

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Aquifers
Definition
Porous, waterbearing layers of sand, gravel, and rock below the earth's surface; reservoirs for ground water
Term
Artesian well
Definition
the result of a pressorized aquifer intersecting the surface or being penetrated by a pipe or conduit, from which water gushes without being pumped, also called a spring.
Term
Condensation
Definition
The aggregation of water molecules from vapor to liquid or solid when the saturation concentration is exceeded
Term
Condensation nucli
Definition
Tiney particles that float in the air and facilitate the condinsation process
Term
Consumption
Definition
The fraction of withdrawn water that is lost in transmission or that is evaporated, absorbed, chemically transformed, or otherwise made unavailable for other puroses as a result of human use.
Term
Degradation
Definition
Deterioration in water quality due to contamination or pollution; makes water unsuitable for other desiable purposes.
Term
Deslinization
Definition
Removal of salt from water by distillation, freezing, or ultrafiltration
Term
Dew Point
Definition
The temperature at which condensation occurs for a given concentration of water vapor in the air
Term
Discharge
Definition
The amount of water that passes a fixed point in a given amount of time, usually expressed as liters or cubic feet of water per second
Term
Evaporation
Definition
The process in which a liquid is changed to a vapor
Term
Groundwater
Definition
Water held in gravel deposits or porous rock below the earth's surface; does not include water or crystallization held by chemical bonds in rocks or moisture in upper soil layers
Term
Infiltration
Definition
The process of water percolation into the soil and pores and hollow of permeable rocks
Term
Rain shadow
Definition
Dry area on the down wind side of a mountain
Term
Recharge Zone
Definition
Area where water infiltrates into an aquifer
Term
Relative humidity
Definition
At any given temperature, a comparison of the actual water content of the air with the amount of water that could be held at saturation
Term
Renewable water supplies
Definition
Annual freshwater surface run off plus annual infiltration into underground freshwater aquifers that are accessible for human use.
Term
Residence time
Definition
The length of time a component, such as an individual water molecule, spends in a particular compartment or location before it moves on through a particular process or cycle
Term
Saltwater intrusion
Definition
Movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers in costal areas where groundwater is withdrawn faster then it is replenished
Term
Saturation Point
Definition
The maximum concentration of water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature
Term
Sinkholes
Definition
A large surface crater caused by the collapse of an underground channel or cavern; often triggered by groundwater withdrawl.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
The process by which water can move between solid and gaseous states without ever becoming liquid
Term
Subsidence
Definition
A settling of the ground surface caused by the collapse of porous formations that result from withdrawl of large amounts of groundwater, oil, or other underground materials
Term
Transpiration
Definition
The evaporation of water from plant surfaces, especially through stomates
Term
Water stress
Definition
A situation when residents of a country don't have enough accessible, high quality water to meet their everyday needs.
Term
Water table
Definition
The top layer of the zone of saturatino; undulates according to the surface topography and surface structure
Term
Watershed
Definition
The land surface and groundwater aquifers drained by a particular river system
Term
Withdrawal
Definition
A description of the total amount of water taken from a lake, river, or aquifer
Term
Zone of aeration
Definition
Upper soil layers that hold both air and water
Term
Zone of saturation
Definition
Lower soil layers where all layers are fillled with water
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