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Definition
| photograph of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs |
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Definition
| one of the two chromosomes that determine an individual's sex |
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Term
| autosome(austomal chromosomes) |
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Definition
| chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
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Definition
| chart that shows the relastionships within a family |
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Definition
-46 chromosomes
-result of a haploid sperm, and egg coming together to form a diploid sygote (or fertilized egg) |
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Definition
-Females have two copies of a large X chromosome
-Males have one X and one small Y chromosome |
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| Total Number of Chromosomes |
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Definition
46, XX: females
46, XY: males |
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Term
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Definition
| All human egg cells carry a single X chromosome (23,X). However, half of all sperm cells carry an X chromosome (23,X) and half carry the Y chromosome (23,Y) This ensures that just about half the zygotes will be 46,XX and half will be 46,XY |
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| Genes and the Environment |
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Definition
| some of the most obvious human traits are almost impossible to associate with single genes |
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Term
| Best known genes responsible for blood groups |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-is determined by a single gene with two alleles-positive and negative.
-Rh stands for rhesus monkey
-(Rh+) is dominant |
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Term
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Definition
I^A, I^B, i
I^A, I^B: codominant
i: recessive
I^A I^A or I^Ai -- Type "A"
I^B I^B or I^Bi -- Type "B"
ii-- Type "O"
I^a and I^b -- Type "AB" |
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Term
| How have human genes become known? |
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Definition
| Through the study of genetic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
-disorder caused by recessive allele
Symptoms: Lack of pigment in skin, hair, eyes |
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Term
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Definition
-disorder caused by recessive allele
-reccesive allele on chromosome 7
Symptoms:Excess mucus in lungs, digestive tract, liver;increased susceptibility to infections |
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Definition
-disorder caused by recessive allele
Symptoms: Accumulation of galactose (a sugar) in tissues; mental retardation; eye and liver damage. |
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Definition
-disorder caused by recessive allele
-autosomal reccesive allele on chromosome 12
Symptoms: Accumulation of phenylalanine in tissues; lack of normal skin pigment; mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
-disorder caused by recessive allele
Symptoms: Lipid accumulation in brain cells; mental deficiency; blindness; death in early childhood |
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Definition
-disorder caused by dominant alleles
Symptoms: Dwarfism (one form) |
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Term
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Definition
-disorder caused by dominant alleles
Symptoms(usually appear in middle age): Mental deterioration and uncontrollable movements |
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Definition
-disorder caused by dominant alleles
Symptoms: Excess cholesterol in blood; heart disease |
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Term
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Definition
-disorder caused by codominant alleles
Symptoms: Misshappen, or sickled,red blood cells; damage to many tissues |
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Term
| Two genetic disorders caused by autosomal dominant alleles |
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Definition
Achondroplasia
Huntington'sdisease |
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Term
| Genetic disorders caused by codominant alleles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In both cystic fibrosis and sickel cell disease, a small change in the DNA of a single gene affects the structure of a protein, causing a serious genetic disorder. |
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Term
| What makes an allele dominant, recessive, or codominant? |
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Definition
| It depends on the nature of a genes protein product and its role in the cell |
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