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Ch 14.2 - Gastrointestinal System
Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms; do reverse side first
69
Classics
Undergraduate 2
11/06/2009

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Term
anorexia
Definition
loss of appetite
Term
aphagia
Definition
inability to swallow
Term
ascites
Definition
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Term
buccal
Definition
in the cheek
Term
constipation
Definition
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
Term
diarrhea
Definition
frequent loose or liquid stools
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
indigestion
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty in swallowing
Term
eructation
Definition
belch
Term
flatulence
Definition
gas in the stomach or intestines
Term
halitosis
Definition
bad breath
Term
hematochezia
Definition
red blood in the stool
Term
hematemesis
Definition
vomiting blood
Term
hepatomegaly
Definition
enlargement of the liver
Term
hyperbilirubinemia
Definition
excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
Term
icterus, jaundice
Definition
yellow, discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
Term
melena
Definition
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
Term
nausea
Definition
sick in the stomach
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
feces containing fat
Term
sublingual, hypoglossal
Definition
under the tongue
Term
stomatitis
Definition
inflammation of the mouth
Term
sialoadenitis
Definition
inflammation of a salivary gland
Term
parotitis (parotiditis)
Definition
inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps
Term
cheilitis
Definition
inflammation of the lip
Term
glossitis
Definition
inflammation of the tongue
Term
ankyloglossia
Definition
tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick lrenulum
Term
gingivitis
Definition
inflammation of the gums
Term
esophageal varices
Definition
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
Term
esophagitis
Definition
inflammation of the esophagus
Term
gastritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Definition
backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus,often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus
Term
pyloric stenosis
Definition
narrowed condition of the pylorus
Term
pepticulcer disease(PUD)
Definition
a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other Part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
Term
gastric ulcer
Definition
ulcer located in the stomach
Term
duodenal ulcer
Definition
ulcer located in the duodenum
Term
gastroenteritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
Term
enteritis
Definition
inflammation of the small intestine
Term
ileitis
Definition
inflammation of the lorver portion of the small intestine
Term
colitis
Definition
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
Term
ulcerative colitis
Definition
chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
Term
diverticulum
Definition
a by-rnay; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usuallv related to a lack of dietary fiber
Term
diverticulosis
Definition
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especiallyin the borve
Term
diverticulitis
Definition
inflammation of diverticula
Term
dysentery
Definition
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloodly stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
Term
appendicitis
Definition
inflammation of the appendix
Term
hernia
Definition
protrusion of a part from its normal location
Term
hiatal hernia
Definition
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal rlall in the inguinal region
Term
incarcerated hernia
Definition
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
Term
strangulated hernia
Definition
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
Term
umbilical hernia
Definition
protrusion of the intestine through a rteakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)
Term
intussusception
Definition
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
Term
volvulus
Definition
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
Term
polyposis
Definition
multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignanc-vpotential
Term
polyp
Definition
tumor on a stalk
Term
proctitis
Definition
inflammation of the rectum and anus
Term
anal fistula
Definition
abnormal tube-like passage way from the anus that may connect with the rectum
Term
hemorrhoid
Definition
swollen, trvisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneum
Term
hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
hepatitis A
Definition
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
Term
hepatitis B
Definition
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
Term
hepatitis C
Definition
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexuallv)
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
chronic diseasecharacterizedby degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcohol is or a nutritional deficiency
Term
cholangitis
Definition
inflammation of the bile ducts
Term
cholecystitis
Definition
inflammation of the gallbladder
Term
cholelithiasis
Definition
presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
Term
choledocholithiasis
Definition
presence of stones in the common bile duct
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of the pancreas
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