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| An Islamic college of higher learning |
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| The month each year when Muslims must fast during daylight hours |
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| A mystic tradition within Islam that encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices desiccated to Divine Love and the cultivation of the elements of the Divine within the individual human being. |
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| The minority of Muslims who trace their beliefs from the caliph Ali who was assassinated in 661 CE. |
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| a model multicultural city embracing Arabs, Berbers, Spanish Christian converts to Islam, and native Jews |
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| The Christian reconquest of Spain from the Muslims from 1000 to 1492. |
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| a Sunni Kurd who is well-known in the West for his battles with the Crusaders. |
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| Rulers who have almost complete sovereignty over a certain domain without claiming the title of caliph. |
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| slave soldiers who converted to Islam, and became a powerful military caste./ The only Islamic dynasty to withstand the Mongols. They were great patrons of scholars, who excelled in history, biography, astronomy, mathematics and medicine. |
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| the first major Turkish dynasty of Islam. They were a steppe clam who settled in Transoxiana and became avid Sunnis. |
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| a Mongol conquerer, whose campaigns were renowned for their brutality. He left behind destruction and chaos in the Islamic world. |
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| Large plateau with varying terrain that constitutes most of southern India. |
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| A language that combines Persian-Arabic and native Indian elements. Urdu is the Muslim version of the Language, and Hindi is the Hindu version. |
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