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| a writing securing for a term of years the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention |
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| the amount of goods or services created in a given period of time |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah. The Central Pacific laborers were predominantly Chinese, and the Union Pacific laborers predominantly Irish. Both groups often worked under harsh conditions. |
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| the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855 |
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the production or manufacture of large quantities of a product/goods, escpecially by machinery |
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| work done and paid for by the piece |
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a production process in which a group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency |
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an economic and political philosophy that favors public instead of private control of the means of production |
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| Organized workers from all crafts in a given industry |
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a labor union composed of only skilled workers in a network of smaller unions devoted to a specific craft
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the process by which wages, hours, rules, and working conditions are negotiated and agreed upon by a union with an employer for all the employees collectively whom it represents |
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| radicals who oppose all government |
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| a negative term used for a worker called in by an employer to replace striking employees |
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| the scene of a riot in Chicago between police and the Knights of Labor union |
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| an industrial lockout and strike culminating in a battle between strikers of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA)and private security agents between and the Carnegie Steel Company. The final result was a major defeat for the union and a setback for efforts to unionize steelworkers. |
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a nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that occurred in the United States in 1894
in response to recent reductions in wages, bringing traffic west of Chicago to a halt |
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| Derived from Darwin's theory of natural selection, the belief that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people's pursuit of success |
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| A market structure dominated by only a few large, profitable firms |
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| Complete control of a product or service |
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| A loose association of businesses that make the same product |
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| The process of gaining control of many different businesses that make up all phases of a product's development |
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| The process of bringing together many firms in the same business to form one large company |
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| Phenomenon that as production increases, the cost of each item produced is often lowered |
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| A group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single managing board |
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| A law passed by Congress in 1890 that outlawed any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce |
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