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CH 13
Social Psychology: Personal Perspectives
18
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2006

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Cards

Term
actor-observer effect
Definition
the tendency of an individual to regard situations in which he or she is involved as caused by external factors, and to regard situations he or she observes as caused by the actions of those involved
Term
attitude
Definition
a learned, stable, and relatively enduring evaluation of person, object, or idea, which can affect behavior
Term
attribution
Definition
the process by which people use information to make inferences about the causes of behavior or events
Term
balance theory
Definition
the idea that a couple attempts to maintain a sense of give and take (reciprocity) in a relationship
Term
cognitive consistency
Definition
the match between a person's thoughts and behaviors
Term
cognitive dissonance
Definition
the disquieting perception of having two conflicting or inconsistent thoughts or attitudes
Term
equity theory
Definition
the rule of attraction that states that we feel most strongly attracted to people with whom we have an equitable (fair) relationship of give and take
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
the tendency for an observer, when interpreting and explaining the behavior of another person, to underestimate the situational and to overestimate the personal attribution
Term
likeability effect
Definition
the tendency for perople to be persuaded by messages from people they like than by messages from people they do not like
Term
mere exposure effect
Definition
the process through which you begin to like something simply because you are exposed to it over and over again
Term
personal attribution
Definition
mental explanations that the causes of behaviors are within the individual who performs the behavior
Term
person-positivity bias
Definition
the tendency to evaluate individuals more positively than groups, including groups to which one belongs
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
the process through which what we believe to be true becomes true, or so we think
Term
situational attribution
Definition
mental explanations that the causes of behavior are outside the individual who performs the behavior
Term
social cognition
Definition
the thoughts and beliefs we have about ourselves, other people, and the world around us
Term
social-comparison theory
Definition
the idea that we evaluate our abilities and accomplishments largely in comparison with the abilities and accomplishments of others, particularly the novel, uncertain, or ambiguous settings for which internal standards are not yet established
Term
social psychology
Definition
the study of how others affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, even if their presence is only implied or imagined
Term
triangular theory of love
Definition
the idea that true love is comprised of intimacy, passion, and commitment
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