What is a canal?

a human built waterway

What is a cotton gin? Who invented it? and when?

a machine that separates cotton from its seeds, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

What was the Industrial Revolution?

The dramatic change from making goods by hand at home to making them by machine in factories

What are interchangable parts? 

parts of a product built to a standard size so that they can be easily repalced

What is a reaper?

a machine that uses sharp blades to harvest grain

Explain what a steam engine is.

an engine powered by the energy produced from steam

The change from making goods by hand at home to making them with machines in factories is called the _____________________.

Industrial Revolution

Who memorized the plans for a spinning machine and brought them to the United States?

Samuel Slater

Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

The cotton gin was used to ____________________.

remove cotton seeds

Slavery was made very profitable by the invention of the ___________________.

cotton gin

Name the first planned factory town in the United States.

Lowell, Massachusetts

Farmers were able to cut four times more grain with the help of the _______ which was invented by _____________. 

reaper, Cyrus McCormick

Who imporved the plow so it would cut through the tough roots of prairie grass?

John Deere

List 4 developments which made it easier to travel by 1840.

1. canals

2. better roads

3. steamboats

4. railroads

The National Road connected what two cities?

Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois

Who used his knowledge of steam engines to build the Clermont, a steamboat?

Robert Fulton

The Erie Canal connected the port of _______ with ____________.

New York, the Great Lakes

Name 3 ways the railroad changed travel in the United States.

1. made travel quicker

2. pulled heavier loads

3. could travel almost anywhere

What was President Andrew Jackson's nickname?

Old Hickory

What was the Indian Removal Act?

an 1830 law forcing Native Americans of the Southeast to move to what is now Oklahoma

What was the Trail of Tears?

the name given to the forced march of 15,000 Cherokee indians in 1838 from Georgia to the Indian Territory

How did the voting laws change by 1828?

all white men over 21 could vote

Give two reasons Andrew Jackson was different from other presidents.

1. he had little formal education

2. he came from a state west of the Appalachian mountains

When does a landslide election happen?

When one candidate wins a large majority of the votes

What power did the Bank of America have in 1816?

it was given control of the money supply of the US

Manufacturers supported the tax on imported products because ____________________.

it made imported products more expensive so their products would sell better.

Why did farmers resist the tax on imported goods?

They did not want to have to pay more.

How did South Carolina challenge the authority of the federal government?

It threatened to leave the union if the tax on imported goods was collected.

Name the Native American who developed the Cherokee alphabet.

Sequoyah

Why were there conflicts between Native Americans and settlers in the southeast?

They both wanted the same lands in the Southeast.

Why did Congress pass the Indian Removal Act?

To take Native American land

President Jackson and Congress forced the Cherokee on to the ________________________.

Trail of Tears

Who were the forty-niners?

people who came to California in 1849 to search for gold

What was the gold rush?

The rush of people to an area where gold has been discovered, as in California in 1849

Explain who the mountain men where.

Fur trappers of the western mountains during the 1800's

What is a wagon train?

a large group of wagons that travels west together for safety

Name the route that most pioneers took to go west.

the Oregon Trail

List 3 reasons people traveled west of the Mississippi.

1. religious freedom

2. make a fortune

3. cheap land

Explain why traveling west in the 1800's was a challenge.

The journey was long, difficult, and dangerous. People left their families and friends forever.

______________ and _____________ were missionaries whose mission in Oregon Territory became a resting place for travelers.

Marcus Whitman and Narcissa Whitman

Another name for members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is _________________.

Mormons

Who was the leader of the Mormons?

Brigham Young

The Mormons settled in what is now the state of ____________.

Utah

List 4 groups of people who moved to the West.

1. missionaries

2. mormons

3. mountain men

4. pioneers

______________ discovered gold at ____________ in 1848.

James Marshall at Sutter's Mill

The gold rush flooded California with fortune hunters called _________________.

forty-niners

Prices rose in California after gold was discovered because _________________________.

demand was greater than the supply

List 3 ways the discovery of gold in California affected life.

1. increased the  population

2. increase in prices

3. led to statehood

A __________ is a statement that can be checked and proven true.

fact

Personal beliefs or views are _______________.

opinions

What is manifest destiny?

a belief in the right of the US to claim new lands

What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The treaty signed in 1848 that ended the Mexican War

Mexico gave Moses Austin permission to bring American settlers to Texas if they agreed to _____________.

become Mexican citizens

Name 3 things American settlers were required to do when settling in Texas.

1. become Mexican citizens

2. speak spanish

3. become Roman Catholic

Mexico outlawed _______ and stopped American ________ into Texas.

slavery and immigration

Mexican president and dictator, ________________ was disliked by most Mexicans.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

The Texas army was defeated at the _____________, a spanish mission in San Antonio.

Alamo

Mexico granted independence to Texas in exchange for ___________________ freedom.

Santa Anna's

In 1821, Texas became part of the new country called ____________________.

the Mexican Republic

The first president of the Republic of Texas was _____________.

Sam Houston

Texas joined the United States in _________.

1845

Why did Mexico go to war with the United States?

Texas joined the United States

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo set the border between Texas and Mexico at the _______________________.

Rio Grande River

________________ is the belief in the rights of the United States to expand its borders and to claim new lands.

Manifest Destiny

Pioneers held the opinion that ____________ made it right to settle the West.

manifest destiny