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Definition
| Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (e.g., scratching an insect bite relieves the itch). |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers; sometimes called secondary or learned. |
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Term
| generalized conditioned reinforcer |
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Definition
| A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many other reinforcers does not depend on an establishing operation for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a wide variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers. |
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Term
| response-deprivation hypothesis |
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Definition
| A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement. |
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Term
| stimulus preference assessment |
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Definition
| A variety of procedures used to determine the stimulus generalization and relatively little discrimination between the trained stimulus and other stimuli; a slope that drops sharply from its highest point corresponding to the trained stimulus indicates a high degree of stimulus control (discrimination) and relatively little stimulus generalization. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with stimulus. They are the product of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny). Also called primary or unlearned. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as reinforcement. |
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