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| description, prediction & control |
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Definition
| Different types of scientific investigations yield knowledge that enables _____ of the phenomena studied. |
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| _____ yield a collection of facts about the observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts. |
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| Knowledge gained from a study that finds the systematic covariation between two event -- termed a _____ -- can be used to predict the probability that one even will occur based on the occurrence of the other event. |
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| Results of experiments that show that specific manipulations of one event (IV) produce a reliable change in another event (DV), and that change is not likely the result of extraneous factors (confounds) -- a finding known as a _____ -- can be used to control the phenomena under investigation. |
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Term
| set of assumptions and attitudes |
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Definition
| The behavior of scientists in all fields is characterized by a common ____: Determinism, Empiricism, Experimentation, Replication, Parsimony, Philosophic Doubt. |
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| The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur as a result of other events. |
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| The objective observation of the phenomena of interest. |
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| The controlled comparison of some measure of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to another. |
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| Repeated experiments (and IV conditions within experiments) to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings. |
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| Simple, logical explnations must be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered. (Occam's Razor) |
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| Continually questioning the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge. |
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Definition
| Behavior analysis consists for three major branches: _____. |
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Term
| stimulus-response (S-R) psychology |
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Definition
| Watson espoused an early form of behaviorism known as ____, which did not account for behavior without obvious antecedent causes. |
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Term
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) |
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Definition
| Skinner founded the _____, a natural science approach for discovering orderly and reliable relations between behavior and various types of environmental variable of which it is a function. |
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Definition
| In EAB, ____ is the most common dependent variable. |
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| In EAB, Repeated or continuous measurement is made of carefully defined _____. |
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| In EAB, ___ experimental comparisons are used instead of designs comparing the behavior experimental and control groups. |
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Definition
| In EAB, The ____ of graphed data is preferred over statistical inference. |
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Term
| description of functional relations |
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Definition
| In EAB, a _____ is valued over formal theory testing. |
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Definition
| Though thousands of laboratory experiments, Skinner and his colleagues and students discovered and verified the basic principles of ____ that provide the empirical foundation for behavior analysis today. |
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Definition
| Skinner wrote extensively about a philosophy for a science of behavior he called ____, which attempts to explain ALL behavior, including private events such as thinking and feeling. |
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Term
| Methodological Behaviorism |
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Definition
| ____ is a philosophical position that considers behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed to be outside the realm of the science. |
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Definition
| ____ is an approach to understanding behavior that assumes that a mental, or "inner", dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior; it relies on hypothetical constructs and explanatory fictions. |
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Definition
| The first published report of the application of operant conditioning with a human subject was a study by _____, in which arm-raising response was conditioned in an adolescent with profound retardation. |
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Term
| Allyon and Michael's "The Psychiatric Nurse as a Behavioral Engineer" |
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Definition
| The formal beginnings of applied behavior analysis can be traced to 1959 and the publication of _____. |
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Term
| Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) |
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Definition
| Contemporary ABA began in 1968 with the publication of the first issue of _____. |
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Definition
| ____ stated that a research study or behavior change program should meet seven defining dimensions to be considered applied behavior analysis. |
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| One of the seven dimensions that investigates socially significant behaviors with immediate importance to the subject(s). |
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| One of the seven dimensions that entails precise measurement of the actual behavior in need of improvement and documents that it was the subject's behavior that changed. |
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| One of the seven dimensions that demonstrates experimental control over the occurrence and nonoccurrence of the behavior, that is, if a functional relation is demonstrated. |
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| One of the seven dimensions that ensures that the written description of all procedures used in the study is sufficiently complete and detailed to enable others to replicate it. |
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| One of the seven dimensions that mandates that behavior change interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior |
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| One of the seven dimensions that improves behavior sufficiently to produce practical results for the participant/client. |
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| One of the seven dimensions; produces behavior changes that last over time, appear in other environments, or spread to other behaviors. |
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Term
| accountable, public, doable, empowering and optimistic |
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Definition
| ABA offers society an approach to solving many of its problems that is _____. |
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Term
| socially significant behavior |
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Definition
| ABA is the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve ____ and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change. |
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Definition
| Behavior analysts work in one or more of four interrelated domains: behaviorism (theoretical and philosophical issues), the EAB (basic research), ABA (applied research), and ____ (providing behavior analytic services to consumers). |
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| ABA's ____ to discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior and developing a technology to take practical advantage of those discoveries offers humankind its best hope for solving many of its problems. |
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