Term
Psychology in Principle
(levels of analysis) |
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Definition
the study of behavior and mental processes
1. Biological: concerned with the physical aspect and changes in the brain
2. Cognitive: the input output relationships of an individual
3. Cultural: relationships among people, emotional reactions to others |
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Term
Psychology in Practice
(questions & procedures) |
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Definition
Does the desire to conform affect behavior?
-consists of a series of questions on the mind & behavior
-use scientific method to answer questions
-study a product of history |
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Term
Current Areas
1. Applied
2. Research |
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Definition
1. apply principles, theories to solve a problem
-Psychiatrist: medical doctor, prescribe perscriptions
-psychologist: has a phd
2. What this course focuses on! |
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Term
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Definition
How are Mind & Body related?
-Dualism: Mind and body are seperate entities(Descarte)
Modified Dualism:
-Some behavior is controlled by body and some are controlled by mind
How is knowlede aquired?
-Nativism: Plato--some knowlede is innate, youre born w/ certain brain structures that help us perceive the world
-Empircism: Aristotle--knowledge is acquired through experience
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Term
Orgins
2. Physiology (Science) |
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Definition
Natural Selection (Charles Darwin)
-we've evolved into social animals
-scientific inquiry into physical behavior
-Reflexology: all human behaviors occur through reflex |
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Term
| 3 Early Schools of Thought |
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Definition
1. Structuralism (Germany): study of immediate conscious experience... what is the mind doing?
-Wundt=1st psychologist, had 1st psych. lab & school to study
2. Functionalism (USA): what is the function of certain mental processes?
-study interactions of organisms
-beginning of industrial school psychology
3. Behaviorism: focuses on learning things from the environment
-B.F. Skinner=looked at how actions are changed from punishment & reinforcement |
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Term
| Women in Early Psychology |
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Definition
1. Mary Calkins: 1st female president of APA(1905); came up with paired associate learning technique
2. Margaret Washburn: 1st female PHD in Psychology(1895)
3. Christine Laddfranklin:worked on color vision
4.Lillian Martian: study perceptions |
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Term
| Sigmund Freuds Structure of the Mind |
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Definition
1. Id: pleasure principle; born with id, primal animal instincts, repressed thoughts of the unconscious mind, has no regaurd for consiquences or reality
2. Ego: self; our conscious self, reality principle must constrain the id
3. Superego: ethical component; punishes ego through guilt |
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Term
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Definition
-Cognitive=process of knowing or percieving
Why the return to studying research techniques?
-development of advanced research techniques
-developement of computers |
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