Term
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Definition
1. authority
2. use of reason
3. direct experience |
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Term
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Definition
| -lay way of knowing -someone perceived to be an expert (can be in error) |
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Term
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Definition
| -lay way of knowing -avoid faulty logic/logical reasoning on false premises -a priori method - reasoning on beliefs without experience |
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Term
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Definition
-lay way of knowing
-empiricism - learning things through direct observation/experience
-avoid relying exclusively on direct experience
-interpretation influenced by social cognitive biases |
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Term
| social cognitive biases (3) |
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Definition
-belief perserverence - in the face of refuting evidence
-confirmation bias - search out + pay attention to only information that supports beliefs
-availability heuristic - overestimate occurrence of unusual events |
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Term
| science as a way of knowing (7) |
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Definition
1. assumes determinism and discoverability
2. makes systematic observations (less affected by bias)
3. produces public knowledge (objectivity - public verification)
4. produces data-based conclusions (gathered through a systematic procedure)
5. produces tentative conclusions (subject to future revision)
6. asks answerable questions (empirical Qs)
7. develops theories that can be disproven (falsification - results can support or fail to support) |
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Term
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Definition
| all events have causes, that can be predicted with a probability greater than chance |
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Term
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Definition
| causes of events can be discovered with some degree of confidence |
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Term
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Definition
| any field of inquiry that appears to use scientific methods and tries to give that impression, when actually based on inadequate unscientific methods and yields results that are generally false |
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Term
| features of pseudoscience (4) |
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Definition
1. associates with real science
2. relies on anecdotal evidence (confirmation bias and effort justification)
3. sidesteps disproof (avoids falsification by being vauge and explaining away anomalies)
4. oversimplification of complex processes/phenomena |
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Term
| goals of research in psychology (4) |
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Definition
1. descriotion (eg observational research)
2. prediction (eg correlational research)
3. explanation (eg experimental research)
4. causality/application (eg improving lives - applied research) |
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