Term
|
Definition
| is a mechanical or chemical surface process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces. (natural process that causes rocks to break down) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing them chemically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the chemical composition of rock changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that supports the growth of plant life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface features, of an area also influence the types of soils that develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the wearing away and removal of rock or sediment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when gravity alone causes rock or sediment to move down a slope, the erosion is called _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process in which sediments move slowly downhill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a mass of rock or sediment moves downhill, leaving a curved scar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wind often leaves behind particles too heavy to move. This erosion of the land is called ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a form of erosion that can make pits in rocks and produce smooth, polished surfaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water that flows over Earth's surface |
|
|
Term
| What is the principal difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering? |
|
Definition
| Mechanical doesn't change the composition. Only size + shape. Chemical changes composition of rock. |
|
|
Term
| Two causes of mechanical weathering |
|
Definition
| Ice wedging and living organisms + roots |
|
|
Term
| Chemical weathering takes place fastest in a ____ and ____ climate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ takes place when the composition of the rock changes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When minerals in rocks combine w/ ___ in the air, chemical weathering takes place. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lack of thick soils on steep hills is an e.g. of how ___ influences soil development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ice wedging occurs cus a given amount of ice has a volume (greater than, less than, equal to) an equal amount of water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A growing plant can cause _______ weathering. |
|
Definition
BOTH MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING.
ROOTS + TANNIC ACID |
|
|
Term
| ____ in air reacts with water to dissolve rocks such as marble and limestone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep soils develop quickly where rock weathers _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a tropical climate ___ develops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many plants produce ____ which causes weathering in rocks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Difference between weathering + erosion |
|
Definition
Weathering - changes shape stays in place.
erosion - involves weathering + changed rock will move |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water, gravity, wind, ice |
|
|
Term
| Mass movement is caused by ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is a flow of rock or sediment along a curved surface, often down an eroded cliff. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ glaciers are located near the north and south poles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important agent of erosion is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you see long striations (long streaks) on the surface of a rock, you would suspect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water that flows over Earth's surface is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sediment left behind when a glacier melts is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is a mass of wet sediment that flows downhill as a result of heavy rain, melting snow and ice, or a volcano |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The wearing down of rocks by blowing sand is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico, there is a large accumulation of sediment called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When wind lifts and carries off small particles of weathered rock, it is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the freezing and thawing cycle that breaks rocks apart |
|
|
Term
| ___ and ____ exert pressure on rocks |
|
Definition
| plant roots and burrowing animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water + carbon dioxide, reacts chemically with many rocks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed from a plant's release of tannin. dissolves some rock minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygen can cause rocks containing iron to rust |
|
|
Term
| The parent rock affects what kind of ___ develops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influences soil development |
|
|
Term
| The climate in tropical regions increases the rate of ____________ forming soil more quickly than in deserts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rocks take time, perhaps thousands of years, to weather into ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plant materials impact ____ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two agents of chemical weathering is _________ and ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ ____ change the chemical composition of minerals in rocks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil forms by _______ ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors of soil development are? (5) |
|
Definition
| organisms, time, climate, slope of the land, parent rock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weathered rock + organic matter + water + air |
|
|
Term
| _______ expands the water, cracking rocks. ____ force their way down. Both change the rock form by physical means. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Parent rock is broken down by weathering
2. Plants will grow, die, decay.
3. Over time, they (weathered rock + plants) are incorporated into the soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Rain fills crack in rock
2. Ice freezes and expands.
3. Pressure from the ice causes cracks and rock will split |
|
|
Term
| Root causing weathering (3 steps) |
|
Definition
1. Tree grows + roots will enter the crack.
2. Roots are going to grow + exert pressure on the rock.
3. Rock will then split. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wearing away and removal of rock, occurs because of gravity, ice, wind, and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gravity pulls rock or sediment down slopes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sediments move downhill slowly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rock or sediment moves downhill along a curved slope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rock layers break loose and slide down hill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mass of wet sediment that flows downhill over the ground surface |
|
|
Term
| Ice forms ______ and ___ ______ (2) |
|
Definition
| continental and valley glaciers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can occur as glaciers remove loose pieces of rock or as dragged rock scratches rock underneath the glacier |
|
|
Term
| Glaciers can form _____ and steep peaks in mountains, create lakes. Or totally remove rock from the surface. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixture of different sized particles ranging from clay to boulders, is deposited directly from the bottom of a glacier. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes sand and gravel deposits moved by rivers from melting glaciers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wind blows small particles from Earth's surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms pits in rocks or polishes surfaces smooth as sediment are blown away by strong winds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can form as the wind is slowed as it blows around irregular features such as rock or vegetation and deposits the sediments it carried. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| or fine silt, often collects downwind of large deserts or near glacial streams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water flowing on Earth's surface causes erosion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when water flows downhill as a thin sheet often carrying loose sediment grains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are channels cut in Earth's surface and are formed as runoff carries sediments along. |
|
|
Term
| streams have water flowing through them __________; they eventually flow into the ocean or a large lake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ water in streams is the most important agent of erosion; they shape more of Earth's surface than ice, wind or gravity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Windblown glacial sediment |
|
|
Term
| rock slides are caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
