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| opening through which food passes into the body; breakks food into small particles by mastication and mixing with saliva |
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| consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth. it provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, andi s a major organ for taste and speech |
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| separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
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| posterior portion, not supported by bone |
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| anterior portion, supported by bone |
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| soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate. directs food into the throat |
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| performs the swalloing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus |
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| 10-inch tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach |
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| J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. it secrets chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control |
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| area around the opening of the esophagus |
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| uppermost domed portion of the stomach |
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| central portion of the stomach |
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| lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
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| portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach |
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| ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
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| 20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
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| first 10-12 inches of the small intestine |
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| second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet long |
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| third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the large intestine |
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| canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus |
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| blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
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| next portion of the large intestine. the colon is divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon |
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| remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 - 10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus |
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| sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract |
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| produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
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| produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. the liver performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism |
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Definition
| passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder. they join to form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum |
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| small, saclike structure that stores bile |
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| produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
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| serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvis cavities |
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| small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum |
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| portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
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| abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separataed. this may occur aftrer abdominal surgery; surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy |
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| psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. it occurs primarily in adolescents |
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Definition
| an eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse [binging and purging] |
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| chronic disease of the liver with gradual desutrction of cells, most commonly caused by alcoholism |
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| chronic inflammation usually affecting the ileum, although it can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. it is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestinal walla nd the formation of scar tissue and may cause obstruction. it is also called regional ilieitis or regional enteritis |
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| gastoesophageal reflux disease |
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| the abnormal backward flow of the gastointestinal contents into the esophagus, gradually breaking down the mucous barrier of the esophagus |
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| obstruction of the intesitne, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
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| telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
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| periodic disturbances of bowl function, such as diarrhea and or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain |
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| another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer |
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| tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane. usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines |
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| inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. the main symptom is diarrhea--as many as 15-29 stools per day. an ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition |
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Definition
| twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
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Term
| abdominoperineal resection [A&P resection] |
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Definition
| removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches. performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases fo the lower large intestine. the patient will have a colostomy |
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| surgical connection between two normally distinct structures |
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| cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers |
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Definition
| series of xray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered |
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| upper GI [gastrointestinal] series |
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed |
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| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] |
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Definition
| radiographic examination of the bile and pancreatic ducts with contrast medium, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy |
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Definition
| a procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasoud probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall. used to detect tumors ande cystic growths and for staging of malignan tumors |
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| helicobacter pylori antibodies test |
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Definition
| a blood test to determine the presence of H.pylorio bacteria. the bacteria can be found int he lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. tests for h.pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test |
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| fecal occult blood test aka guaiac test |
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Definition
| a test to detect occult blood in feces. it is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be viewed microscopically. trade names for terst kkits include: hema-check, colo-rect, and hematest |
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| abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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| frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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| disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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| waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum |
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| gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus |
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| washing out of the stomach |
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| process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
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| black, tarry stool that contains digested blood. usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract |
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| involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
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Definition
| abnormal backward flow. in esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus |
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| matter expelled from the stomach through the mouth aka emesis |
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