The pattern of psychological and behavioral characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with other people. 

Unique pattern of enduring thoughts, feelings, and actions that characterize a person. 

the id

the ego

the superego

To prevent and protect against anxiety and guilt

(prevents threatening material from surfacing or disguises it)

id- inborn inconscious life and death instincts (life-positive, constructive...death-aggressive, destructive)

ego- organizing ways to get what a person wants, reality

superego- moral guide, internalizing parental and cultural values, should and should not do

repression

rationalization

projection

reaction formation

sublimation

displacement

denial

compensation

oral stage

anal stage

phallic stage

latency period

genital stage

a set of stable characteristics that people display over time and across situations

(trait approach is that personality is based on the combination of traits that people display)

central- those that are obvious to others (letter of recommendation-what can be expected most of the time)

secondary- specific to certain situations, "dislikes crowds"

openness

conscientiousness

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

internals see that events are controlled by their own efforts (success based on hard work)

externals expect things to be controlled by external forces where they have no control (success based on luck)

(the learned expectation of succes in a given situation)

high degree people know they can achieve regardless of past failures or current oobstacles

low degree people result in apathy or depression

humanistic approach focuses on characteristics that se humans apart (self-awareness, creativity, planning, decision making, responsibility)

instead of focusing on instincts and learning

self-actualization is the reaching of one's full potential

the complete realization of talents

if used to evaluate the person instead of the behavior, the condition of worth is misunderstood to make the person feel like they are bad/wrong

(child drawing on the walls becoming overly tidy)

deficiency orientation- preoccupation with perceived needs for material things (see life as meaningless, boredom... ex people love to feel security, not to give it to someone else)

growth orientation- do not focus on what is missing, focus on what they have, opens door to peak experience to feel joy

projective-tests with unstructured stimuli whose responses give light to unconscious needs fantasies, etc. (TAT test, Rorschash Inkblot)

nonprojectve- ask clear questions,focused on certain traits (Big Five personality traits)

30% adult

20% children

Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders

the American Psychiatric Association's published classification system

 5 axes-dimensions

broad picture of each person's biological and psychological problems and of any sociocultural context factors

phobias

generalized anxiety

panic

OCD

come without warning or cause

intense heart palpitations, pressure or pain in the chest,

sweating, dizziness, feeling faint

victims believe they are having a heart attack

obsessions-persistant upsetting unwanted thoughts

compulsions-repetitive behaviors

dissoiative fugue- sudden loss of personal memory and the adoption of a new identity in a new place

dissociative amnesia- sudden loss of memory about personal information but does not leave home

dissociative identity- more than one identity

(affective disorders)

major depression

dysthymic disorder

bipolar

cyclothymic personality

paranoid

disorganized

catatonic

undifferentiated

residual

delusions are false beliefs

hallucinations are false or distorted perceptions

impulsive, inattentive, than other children their age

difficulty sitting still and controlling themselves