Term
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Definition
| a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape |
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Definition
| a collection of people distinguished, by others or themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics |
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Definition
| defines individuals who are believed to share common characteristics that differentiate them from the other collectivities in a society |
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Definition
| a group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society |
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Definition
| a group whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination |
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Definition
| a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups |
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Definition
| overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories |
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Definition
| a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group |
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Definition
| the tendency to regard one's own culture and group as the standard and thus superior, whereas all other groups are seen as inferior |
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Term
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Definition
| people may be biased either for or against members of other groups even before they have had any contact with them |
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Term
| frustration-aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| people who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression towards others |
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Term
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Definition
| a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to hostility or aggression of others |
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Term
| authoritarian personality |
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Definition
| a personality type characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own |
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Term
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Definition
| actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful effect on members of a subordinate group |
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Term
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Definition
| the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation |
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Term
| individual discrimination |
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Definition
| behavior consisting of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property |
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Term
| institutional discrimination |
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Definition
| the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups |
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Term
| Feagin's 4 major types of discrimination |
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Definition
isolate discrimination
small group discrimination
direct institutionalized discrimination
indirect institutionalized discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
| symbolic interactionists point out that contact between people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain factors are present |
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Term
| structural assimilation or integration |
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Definition
| occurs when members of subordinate racial or ethnic groups gain acceptance in everyday social interaction with members of the dominant group |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture |
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Term
| cultural assimilation or acculturation |
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Definition
| occurs when members of an ethnic group adopt dominant group traits, such as language, dress, values, religion, and food preferences |
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Term
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Definition
| the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society |
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Definition
| the spacial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and or religion |
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Term
| psychological assimilation |
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Definition
| involves a change in racial or ethnic self identification on the part of an individual |
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Term
| biological assimilation or amalgamation |
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Definition
| occurs when members of one group marry those of other social and ethnic groups |
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Term
| equalitarian pluralism or accommodation |
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Definition
| a situation in which ethnic groups coexist in equality with one another |
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Term
| inequalitarian pluralism or segregation |
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Definition
| when specific ethnic groups are set apart from the dominant group and have unequal access to power and privelege |
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Term
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Definition
| laws that systematically enforced the physical and social separation of African Americans in all areas of public life |
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Term
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Definition
| racial separation and inequality enforced by custome |
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Term
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Definition
| according to conflict theorists, a practice that occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group |
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Term
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Definition
| a term used to describe the division of the economy into two areas of employment, a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher paid workers in more secure jobs, and a secondary sector or lower tier, composed of lower paid workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions |
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Term
| theory of racial formation |
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Definition
| states that actions of the government substantially define racial and ethnic relations in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| laws may remedy overt discrimination but have little effect on subtle racism. interest convergence is required for social change |
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