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Ch 10.2 - Nervous System
Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms; do reverse side first
63
Classics
Undergraduate 2
10/15/2009

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Term
aphasia
Definition
condition without speech; impairment due to localized brain injury that affects understanding, retrieving and formulating meaningful and sequential elements of language
Term
dysarthria
Definition
condition of difficult articulation; group of related speech impairments that may affect the speed, range, direction, strength, and timing of motor movement as a result of paralvsis, r,veakness,or incoordination of speech muscles
Term
dysphasia
Definition
difficulty speaking
Term
coma
Definition
general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness u,ith varying responsiveness; a common method of assessmentis the Glasgow coma
Term
delirium
Definition
state of mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function-there are many causes, including fever, shock, or drug overdose
Term
dementia
Definition
impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion
Term
motor deficit
Definition
lossor impairment of muscle function
Term
sensation deficit
Definition
lossor impairment of sensation
Term
neuralgia
Definition
pain along the course of a nerve
Term
paralysis
Definition
temporary or permanent loss of motor control
Term
flaccid paralysis
Definition
defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
Term
spastic paralysis
Definition
stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder
Term
hemiparesis
Definition
partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body
Term
sciatica
Definition
pain that follorvs the pathu'ay of the sciatic nerve causedby compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
Term
seizure
Definition
sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of ner-veimpulses
Term
convulsion
Definition
to pull together; type of seizure that causesa seriesof sudden, inrroluntarry contractions of muscles
Term
syncope
Definition
fainting
Term
tactile stimulation
Definition
evoking a response by touching
Term
hyperesthesia
Definition
increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain
Term
paresthesia
Definition
abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause
Term
agnosia
Definition
any of many types of loss of neurological function associated with interpretation of sensory information
Term
astereognosis
Definition
inability to judge the form of an obiect by touch
Term
atopognosis
Definition
inability to locate a sensation properly, such as to locate a point touched on the body
Term
Alzheimer disease
Definition
disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions. total disability. and death
Term
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Definition
a condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms, legs, muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing to total paralysis and death
Term
cerebral palsy (CP)
Definition
condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth, characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination
Term
cerebrovascular disease
Definition
disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain
Term
cerebral arteriosclerosis
Definition
hardening of the arleries of the brain
Term
cerebral atherosclerosis
Definition
condition of lipid (fat) buildup within the blood vessels of the brain
Term
cerebral aneurysm
Definition
dilation of a blood vessel in the brain
Term
cerebral thrombosis
Definition
presence of a stationary clot in a blood vesselof the brain
Term
cerebral embolism
Definition
obstruction of a blood vesselin the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation
Term
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) stroke
Definition
damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease
Term
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Definition
brief episode of loss of blood flow, to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neuroIogicaI deficit (impairment)- often precedesa CVA
Term
carotid TIA
Definition
ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain
Term
vertebrobasilar TIA
Definition
ischemia of the oosterior circulation of the brain
Term
encephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain
Term
epilepsy
Definition
disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
Term
tonic-clonic
Definition
tiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups, previous called a grand mal
Term
absence
Definition
seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement
Term
partial
Definition
seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms
Term
glioma
Definition
tumor of glial cells graded by degree of malignancy
Term
herniated disk
Definition
protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intenertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root
Term
herpes zoster
Definition
viral diseaseaffecting the peripheral nerves, characterizedby painful blisters that spreadover the skin following the affectednerves,usually unilaterally-also known as shingles
Term
huntington chorea
Definition
characterizedby bizarre involuntary body movements and progressive dementia
Term
hydrocephalus
Definition
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor
Term
meningioma
Definition
benign tumor of the coverings of the brain
Term
meningitis
Definition
inflammation of the meninges
Term
migraine headache
Definition
paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and/or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries
Term
MS
Definition
diseaseof the central nervous systemcharacterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath)of nerve fibers, with episodesof neurological dysfunction (exacerbation)followed by recovery (remission
Term
myasthenia gravis
Definition
autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causinga progressive decrease in muscle strength with activity and a return of strength after a period of rest
Term
myelitis
Definition
inflammation of the spinal cord
Term
narcolepsy
Definition
sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while ar't'ake (hvpnagogic hallucinations)
Term
parkinson's disease
Definition
condition of slowly progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (a chemical neurotransmitter that is necessary for proper movement); characterized bv tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements (bradykinesia), usually occurring later in life
Term
plegia
Definition
paralysis
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
paralvsis on one side of the bodY
Term
paraplegia
Definition
paralysis from the waist down
Term
quadraplegia
Definition
paralysis of all four limbs
Term
poliomyelitis
Definition
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformitv and paralysis
Term
polyneuritis
Definition
inflammation involving two or more nerves, often owing to a nutritional deficiency such as lack of thiamine
Term
reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
Definition
condition of abnormal function of the sympathetic nervolls svstem in response to pain perception, usually as the result of an injury to an extremity; symptoms include persistent burning pain, tissue edema,joint tenderness,changesin skin color and temperature, and abnormal sweating at the pain site-decreased mobility caused by pain can lead to muscle atronhv and loss of motor function
Term
sleep apnea
Definition
periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep,oFtencausing snoring
Term
spina bifida
Definition
congenitaldefectin the spinal column characterized by the absenceof verlebral arches,often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissues
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