Term
| What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
Central nervous system (CNS) &
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Term
| What are 3 general fuctions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| sensory, integrative & motor |
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Term
| Which is the most abundant of the nerve cells. This cells support, insulate, nourish, & care for the neurons. Some participate in phagocytosis; others assist in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a 2nd type of nerve cell & is the most important in the transmission of information; they have many shapes & they are nonmitotic, there fore don't replicate or replace themselves when injured? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the myelin sheath? |
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Definition
| It protects & insulates the axon |
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Term
| How does a neuron transmit information? |
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Definition
| Polarization, Depolarization & Repolarization |
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Term
| What helps information move from one neuron to the next. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 major areas of the brain? |
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Definition
| Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem & the cerebellum |
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebrum is? |
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Definition
| Its the largest part of the brain and is divided into a right and left hemispheres. |
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Term
| If you have irration of the sciatic nerve, what plexus have you damaged? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the corpus callosum? |
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Definition
| It's a band of white matter that forms a large fiber tract, it joins the two hemisphere & allows them to communicate w/ each other |
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Term
| What does the diecephalon consist of? |
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Definition
| Thalamus and the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland. |
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Term
| What does the brain stem consist of? |
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Definition
| The midbrain, pons,and medulla oblongata |
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus do? |
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Definition
| It helps regulate many body processes, such as water balence,metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration |
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Term
| What does the thalamus do? |
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Definition
| It sorts out the sensory information that travels from the lower brain and spinal cord region to the sensory areas of the cerebrum. |
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Term
| What is the function of the midbrain? |
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Definition
| Its a reflex centers for vision, and hearing |
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Term
| Where is the midbrain located? |
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Definition
| It extends from the lower diencephalon to the pons |
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Term
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Definition
| It extends from the midbrain to the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| What is the function of the pons? |
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Definition
| It plays an important role in the regulation of breathing rate and rhythm |
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Term
| Where is the medulla oblongata located? |
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Definition
| It connects to the spinal cord w/ the pons. |
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Term
| What is known as the "vital center" |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
| It helps control the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration |
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Term
| What are the 4 major lobes in the brain? |
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Definition
| Frontal, temporal, Parietal and Occipital |
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Term
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Definition
| They are layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord. There are 3 layers. |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of meninges? |
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Definition
P- pia mater
A- arachnoid
D- dura mater |
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Term
| What does the pia mater do? |
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Definition
| It is a very thin membrane that contains many blood vessels & lies delicately over the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
| Where is the pia mater located? |
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Definition
| it is the inner most layer and literally means soft, or gentle, mother |
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Term
| Where is the dura mater located? |
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Definition
| The outer most layer is a thick, tough, connective tissue that means hard mother. |
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Term
| What is beneath the dura mater and consist of a small space called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What looks like a spiderweb, and is the middle layer of the meninges? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does CSF protect the CNS? |
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Definition
| CSF fluid cushions the CNS |
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Term
| Does the subarachnoid space surround the entire CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the blood brain barrier? |
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Definition
| It is an arrangement of cells. |
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Term
| What are the glial astrocytes associated with? |
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Definition
| They are associated with the blood vessels that supply the brain and the spinal cord. They select the substances allowed to enter the CNS from the blood. |
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Term
| If potentially harmful substance is present in the blood what would prevent that substance from entering the brain & spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the sensory nerves do? |
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Definition
| They gather information from inside the body & form the outside environment. |
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Term
| What does the integrative of the central nervous system do? |
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Definition
| Sensory information that is brought to the CNS is processed or interpreted |
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Term
| What does the motor nerves of the nervous system do? |
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Definition
| Motor nerves convey information from the CNS toward the muscle & glands of the body. Motor nerves carry out the plans made by the CNS. |
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Term
| What are the types of Neuroglia? |
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Definition
| Astrocytes, Ependymal cells, microglia, schwann cells, & oligodendrocytes |
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Term
| What is the 3 function of astrocytes? |
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Definition
1. Star shaped cells present in blood-brain barrier
2. Also anchor or bind blood vessels to nerves for support
3. Acts in phagocytes |
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Term
| What are the 2 functions of the ependymal cells? |
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Definition
1. Line the ventricles as part of the choroid plexus
2. Involved in the formation of CSF |
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Term
| What are the 2 functions of the microglia? |
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Definition
1. Protective role
2. Phagocytosis of pathogens & damaged tissue |
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Term
| What is the function of the Schwann cells? |
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Definition
| Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the peripheral nervous system. |
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Term
| What is the function of the oligodendrocytes? |
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Definition
| Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS |
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the neuron? |
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Definition
1. Dendrites
2. Cell body
3. Axon |
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Term
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Definition
| Treelike structure that receive information from the other neurons & then transmit the information toward the cell body |
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Term
| The cell body contains what? |
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Definition
| It contains the nucleus & is essential for the life of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a long extension that transmits information away from the cellbody |
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Term
| At the end of an axon is hundreds of what, they also store neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Nodes of Ranvier? |
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Definition
| They are areas not covered by myelin sheath, they appear along the axon. |
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Term
| What are the types of neurons? |
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Definition
S- Sensory
A-Afferent
M-Motor
E-Efferent |
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Term
| What are the layers of protection? |
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Definition
| Bone, meninges, CSF, and blood-brain barrier |
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Term
| What is the master gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory neurons are also called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor nuerons are also called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of neuron is only found in the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the resting state of the neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the electrical/stimulated state of the neuron called? |
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Definition
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Term
| When it returns back to resting state it is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| During polarization the inside of the cell has what kind of charge? |
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Definition
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Term
| During depolarization the inside of the cell has what kind of charge? |
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Definition
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Term
| During repolarization, the inside of the cell has what kind of charge? |
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Definition
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Term
| Jumping from node to node is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are thousands of tiny vesicles that store chemical substances called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each what has a specific shape & accepts only those neurotransmitters that "fit" its shape called? |
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Definition
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Term
| CSF is formed within the ventricles of the brain by a structure called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Its formed across the walls of the choroid plexus w/in the ventricles, circulates throughout the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord, & the drains into the dural sinuses. |
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Term
| Describe the anatomy of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
| It is a continuation of the brain stem. It is a tubelike structure located w/in the spinal cavity. It is about the thickness of your thumb & about 17 in long & extends from the foramen magnum of the occipital bone to the level of the 1st lumbar vertebra, just below the bottom rib. |
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Term
| What are the 3 functions of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
1. Sensory pathway
2. Motor pathway
3. Reflex center |
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Term
| What are the 4 componets of the reflex arc? |
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Definition
1. Receptor
2. Afferent
3. Efferent
4. Effector organ |
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Term
| by tapping the tendon, the mallet stimulates sensory receptors in the thigh muscles. What componet in the reflex arc does that describe? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for sensory neuron.The nerve impulse is carried by a sensory neuron to the spinal cord is what componet of the reflex arc? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for motor neuron? The nerve impulse is carried by a motor nerve to the muscles of the thigh is what componet of the reflex arc? |
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Definition
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Term
| In response to the nerve impulse, the muscles contracts & moves the lower leg in an upward movement, is what componet of the reflex arc? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"I" |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"II" |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"III"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"IV"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"V"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"VI"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"VII" |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"VIII"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"IX"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"X"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"XI"? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of this cranial nerve
"XII"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "I" Olfactory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "II" Optic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fuction of the cranial nerve "III" Oculomotor? |
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Definition
| Movement of the eyeball; raising eyelids; change in pupil size |
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "IV" Trochlear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "V" Vagus |
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Definition
| Chewing food; sensations in face, scalp, cornea (eye) & teeth |
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "VI" Abducens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "VII" Facial? |
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Definition
| Facial expressions; secretions of saliva & tears; taste; blinking |
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial nerve "VIII" Vestibulocochlear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of cranial nerve "IX" Glossopharyngeal? |
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Definition
| Swallowing, secretion of salivia; taste; sensory for the reflex regulation of blood pressure; part of the gag reflex |
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Term
| What is the fuction of cranial nerve "X" Vagus? |
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Definition
| Visceral muscle movement & sensations, esp.. the digestive system;sensory for the reflex regulationof blood pressure |
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Term
What is the function of cranial nerve
"XI" Accessory? |
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Definition
| Swallowing; head & shoulder movement; speaking |
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Term
| What is the fuction of the cranial nerve "XII" Hypoglossal? |
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Definition
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Term
| The inability to smell is a disorder to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have loss of vision, you have damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have a drooping upper eyelid, absense of pupilary reflex(dilated & fixed) you have a disorder to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Difficulty in focusing eyes on an object, you have a disorder to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have an inability to move eyeball in a particular direction, you have damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of sensation (pain/touch); impaired corneal reflex, you have damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have paresthesias, (tingling, itching, & numbness), you have damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Difficulity in chewing, you have damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability to move eyes laterally, you have damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bell's palsy, loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue on side of lesion, is damage to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of hearing, noises in ear(tinnitus), or loss of balence, you have damage in what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| The loss of gag reflex, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), loss of taste on posterior 2/3 of tongue or a decreased salivation, you have a disorder in what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sagging of the soft palate, hoarseness of voice due to paralysis of vocal fold, is a disorder of what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drooping shoulders; the inability or difficulty in rotating head (wryneck), you have a disorder in what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some difficulty in speaking (dysarthria), chewing & swallowing (dysphagia) is a disorder to what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 spinal cord plexues? |
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Definition
1. Cervical (C1 to C4)
2. Brachial (C5 to C8, T1)
3. Lumbosacral (T12, L1 to L5, S1-S4) |
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Term
| What major nerve emerges from plexus phrenic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What major nerves emerges from plexus axillary, brachial, median,musculocutaneous & ulner? |
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Definition
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Term
| What major nerve emerges from plexus femoral, obturator, sciatic & pudendal? |
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Definition
| Lumbosacral T12, L1 to L5, S1 to S4 |
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Term
| If you have damage to phrenic nerve what plexus is it affecting? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have damage to axillary nerve or to median nerve, what plexus have you damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lumbar& sacral nerves extend the length of the spinal cavity before existing from the vertebral column. What are these nerves called & why? |
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Definition
| They are called the cauda equina b/c they look like a horse's tail |
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Term
| What is the common cause of sciatica? |
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Definition
| is a ruptured of herniated disc. Its common in pregnant women. |
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Term
| What is another name for the pyramidal tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the spinal cord is severed in the lumbar region what diagnosis is that? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the cord is severed at the neck region, what diagnosis is that? |
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Definition
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