Term
| Learning; Lifetime Events |
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Definition
| _____ is the alteration (or maintenance) of an organism's behavior due to _____. |
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Term
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
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Definition
- A natural science approach to understanding behavior regulation
- Concerned with controlling and changing factors that affect behavior
- Concerned with the principle of reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ is behavior that is elicited by a biologically relevant stimulus, while a(n) _____ is behavior that is controlled by its consequence. |
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Term
| Three levels of Selection by Consequences |
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Definition
- Natural selection
- behavior selection
- cultural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| The duckling inherits the capacity to be reinforced by reducing the distance between itself and a moving object. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skinner stated that behavior (including human behavior) resulted from _____. |
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Term
| The difference between basic and applied behavior analysis |
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Definition
- Basic research is likely to look at any behavior and any variable
- Applied research looks at variables that could improve behavior |
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Term
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Definition
- Won the Nobel Prize
- Investigated the Salivary Reflex
- Discovered the conditioned (or conditional) reflex |
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Term
| behavior for its own sake |
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Definition
| What is true of what the new-style behaviorists (behavior analysts) studied? |
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Term
| More behavior to be explained |
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Definition
| How are thinking and feeling treated from a behavioral perspective? |
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Term
| "No black Scorpion is Falling Upon This Table" |
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Definition
| What is the phrase that Whitehead used to demonstrate that no theoretical or empirical system existed to account for the spontaneous and generative nature of human language. |
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Term
| change that it produced in the environment |
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Definition
| Skinner believed the best way to look at behavior was to measure the _____. This is the way that we count behavior. |
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Term
| verified by two or more people |
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Definition
| Watson believed psychology was the study of observable events and covert actions were not able to be _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| (observable, e.g., what we say and do) [quantifiable] |
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Term
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Definition
| (unobservable, e.g., thoughts) |
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Term
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Definition
| Skinner was a _____ because he believed that thoughts, emotions could all be understood as behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| acquisition of new behaviors as a result of environmental events, maintenance of an organism’s behavior of a result of environmental events, or a change in the behavior as a result of environmental events. |
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Term
| EAB – Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
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Definition
| Was really founded by Skinner when he wrote The Behavior of Organisms |
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Term
| single organisms (or within-subjects) |
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Definition
- In EAB we study _____.
-- Don’t average the data, don’t do statistical analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| what does the behavior do for an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ helps an organism adapt to their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| In operant conditioning, the environment changes behavior mostly through _____. |
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Term
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Definition
What happen during the evolution of the species.
- In humans the examples are speech, tool use, culture (history of social norms)
-- These are all traits that have been selected by the natural environment. |
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Term
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Definition
What happen in the lifetime of the organism.
- Lead to certain behavioral abilities, which are also selected by the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavioral characterizes that provide you with an _____ are selected by the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement in the environment causes behavior that _____. (Law of Effect according to Skinner). You can’t say that a behavior is a reinforcer unless there is a subsequent change in the behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thorndike got a jagged graph descending from left to right and called this the _____, but Thorndike’s design involved human-animal interaction for every trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ had many improvements, such as not having to pick up the cat every time and put them into the box. If you set up the operant conditions properly then you will not have the slow “learning curve”. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pleasure was the key. The pleasure of success of previous trials increase the future probability of the behavior. Pleasure is an internal, hypothetical event. |
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Term
| could not measure pleasure |
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Definition
| Skinner objected to the word pleasure because although he believed that emotions were real behaviors, but you _____ because you can only measure changes in the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is what Pavlov called the phenomenon he was studying. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skinner renamed Classical conditioning ______ because you are responding to a stimulus. |
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