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| Rights inherent to human beings and not dependent on governments (ie. life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) |
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| A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by revolutionary Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings |
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| Proposal at Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation for each state in Congress; favored small states |
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| Proposal at Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress based on population; favored large states |
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| Compromise with New Jersey and Virginia Plans; suggested that Congress be divided into two houses (House of Representatives--population based, and Senate) |
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| Court order requiring jailers to explain the |
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| Requires that each of the three branches of government be independent from each other so that one cannot control the others; power is shared |
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| Limits power of government by requiring that each governmental institution checks the powers of the others |
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| Form of government that derives power from people, who elect representatives to carry out governmental duties |
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| Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption; generally favored strong central government, Bank of U.S., powerful infrastructure |
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| Opponents of the U.S. Constitution who argued that it was a class-based document, would erode fundamental liberties, and weaken the power of the states |
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| Collection of articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution |
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| Constitutional amendment that stated that equality of rights should not be denied based on gender; never actually passed because it failed to acquire the necessary 3/4 vote from state legislatures |
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| Power of courts to determine whether acts of Congress, and by implication the executive, are in accord with the U.S. Constitution |
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| Agreement between the people and the sovereign |
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| According to Hobbes, what are the 3 reasons that humans quarrel |
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1. Competition
2. Glory
3. Diffidence |
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| Limited power of monarch for the first time by limiting his ability to raise taxes |
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| English Petition of Rights (1628 and 1648) |
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| Lists basic human rights and requires due process of the law |
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| Prohibited English King from arbitrarily imprisoning his critics |
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| The British Bill of Rights (1989) |
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| Establishes Parliamentary supremacy |
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| What were some problems with the Articles of Confederation? |
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| No national courts, no power to tax, no chief executive, no national currency, no ability to regulate commerce (domestic and foreign), no national army, unanimous vote to make amendments |
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| What are the 4 main things that the Founding Fathers agreed on, when drafting the Constitution? |
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1. Human nature
2. Causes of political conflict
3. Objectives of government
4. Nature of a republic |
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| According to the Founding Fathers, what created factions? |
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| Unequal distribution of wealth |
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| Allowed for representation and taxation of slaves |
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| What are the 3 parts to the Madisonian Model? |
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1. Limit the majority's control of the government
2. Separation of powers
3. Checks and balances |
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| How can the Constitution be FORMALLY amended? |
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| First there's a proposal, either by 2/3 of each house in Congress OR by a national convention that's requested by 2/3 of states. Second, 3/4 of state legislatures OR 3/4 of state conventions must ratify the amendment |
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| What are the 4 ways that the Constitution can be amended INFORMALLY? |
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1. Judicial interpretation
2. Political practice
3. Technology
4. Demands on policymakers |
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