Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Certified Meeting Planner Glossary
Glossary for preparing for CMP
3997
Management
Undergraduate 3
09/08/2009

Additional Management Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1 Diamond
Definition
A rating of the American Automobile Association (AAA). “These establishments typically appeal to the budget-minded traveler. They provide essential, no-frills accommodations. They meet the basic requirements pertaining to comfort, cleanliness, and hospitality.”
Term
1 Star
Definition
A Mobil Travel Guide Rating. “A Mobil One-Star Lodging Establishment is a limited service Hotel/Motel/Inn that is considered a clean, comfortable and reliable establishment.”
Term
Jan-50
Definition
One for Fifty. Facility complimentary room policy: one complimentary room night for every fifty room nights picked up and paid for. While 1/50 was once the standard, the complimentary policies vary per hotel and/or event.
Term
100% Star Billing
Definition
Requirement by artist that his/her name appear in a type style and size equal to or greater than other names in advertising and promotional materials and media.
Term
110/60
Definition
Common term describing normally available current in North American Continent. The full expression is 110 volt/60 cycle. Many European and South American areas have 220 volt/50 cycle power only.
Term
2 Diamond
Definition
A rating of the American Automobile Association (AAA). “These establishments appeal to the traveler seeking more than the basic accommodations. There are modest enhancements to the overall physical attributes, design elements, and amenities of the facility typically at a moderate price.”
Term
2 Star
Definition
A Mobil Travel Guide Rating. “A Mobil Two-Star Lodging Establishment is a Hotel/Resort/Inn that is considered a clean, comfortable and reliable establishment, but also has expanded amenities, such as a full-service restaurant on the property.”
Term
20-Footer
Definition
A 20' by (usually) 10' exhibit space. Similar terminology (a 30 footer, etc.) may be used.
Term
24-Hour Hold
Definition
A term used to describe the type of reservation made on function space within a venue (hotel, convention center, etc.). An event organizer who has 24-hour hold on a space has exclusive use and access to that space for a period of 24-hours, usually 12:01 am – 12:00 pm.
Term
24-Hour Power
Definition
When an exhibitor orders power to be left on in a booth/stand for 24 hours during run of the event; often required when there are refrigerators, fish tanks, or computers in booth/stand.
Term
2-by-2 Slide
Definition
Piece of 35mm photographic film in a 2-by-2 inch (5-by-5 centimeter) cardboard, glass, or plastic mount. See SLIDE.
Term
2-D Bar Code
Definition
A larger-than-average bar code that uses the PDF417 standard (the same used for e-stamps). Stores up to 1,800 characters in bar code on standard paper badge, which can then be used by exhibitors to get contact information from registrants.
Term
3 Diamond
Definition
A rating of the American Automobile Association (AAA). “These establishments appeal to the traveler with comprehensive needs. Properties are multifaceted with a distinguished style, including marked upgrades in the quality of physical attributes, amenities, and level of comfort provided.”
Term
3 Star
Definition
A Mobil Travel Guide Rating. “A Mobil Three-Star Lodging Establishment is a Hotel/Resort/Inn which is well-appointed, with a full-service restaurant and expanded amenities, such as, but not limited to: fitness center, golf course, tennis courts, 24-hour room service, and optional turndown service.”
Term
3-Dimensional
Definition
3-D. A flat image having the effect of three dimensions.
Term
3-Phase
Definition
Type of alternating current used in high powered electrical applications.
Term
3-Wire
Definition
Term describing electrical cable with one continuous ground wire in addition to positive and negative wires.
Term
4 Diamond
Definition
A rating of the American Automobile Association (AAA). “These establishments are upscale in all areas. Accommodations are progressively more refined and stylish. The physical attributes reflect an obvious enhanced level of quality throughout. The fundamental hallmarks at this level include an extensive array of amenities combined with a high degree of hospitality, service, and attention to detail.”
Term
4 Star
Definition
A Mobil Travel Guide Rating. “Mobil Four-Star Lodging Establishment is a Hotel/Resort/Inn which provides a luxury experience with expanded amenities in a distinctive environment. Services may include, but are not limited to: automatic turndown service, 24 hour room service, and valet parking.”
Term
4-Color Separation
Definition
Process of printing a full color image utilizing four colored screened patterns from which printing plates can be engraved.
Term
4-Hour Call
Definition
Minimum work period for which union labor must be paid in special circumstances (generally, a minimum call is one hour.). Not to be confused with minimum charges to exhibitors applied by contractors that service events.
Term
5 Diamond
Definition
A rating of the American Automobile Association (AAA). “These establishments reflect the characteristics of the ultimate in luxury and sophistication. Accommodations are first class. The physical attributes are extraordinary in every manner. The fundamental hallmarks at this level are to meticulously serve and exceed all guest expectations while maintaining an impeccable standard of excellence. Many personalized services and amenities enhance an unmatched level of comfort.”
Term
5 Star
Definition
A Mobil Travel Guide Rating. “A Mobil Five-Star Lodging Establishment provides consistently superlative service in an exceptionally distinctive luxury environment with expanded services. Attention to detail is evident throughout the Hotel/Resort/Inn from the bed linens to staff uniforms.”
Term
501c
Definition
A section of the IRS code that defines, and governs the actions of various types of tax-exempt organizations. For example, 501c(3) organizations are non-profit, educational, charitable and scientific organizations.
Term
6 Box
Definition
An electrical outlet that will accommodate 6 plugs. Sometimes called Sex Box. See DOG HOUSE.
Term
6-by-6 Rule
Definition
Audiovisual guidelines by which no transparency of slide should contain more than six words per line of text and no more than six lines of text.
Term
a la Broche
Definition
Cooked on a skewer. Can be beef, chicken or shrimp. See EN BROCHETTE. See Also SHISH KEBOB.
Term
a la Carte
Definition
French term meaning "from the menu." Each item is individually priced. Used in tour literature to indicate a choice of dishes will be available.
Term
a la Grecque
Definition
Prepared Greek style with tomatoes, garlic, black olives and parsley.
Term
a la King
Definition
Cooked in white cream sauce with vegetables (e.g., Chicken à la King).
Term
a la Meunière
Definition
(moonyare) Dredging, a technique that allows flour to form a thin, golden crust on sautéed or fried items, (e.g., Trout Meunière).
Term
a la Mode
Definition
1) In the style of. 2) Ice cream on pie. 3) Mashed potatoes on beef.
Term
a la Provencale
Definition
Prepared with garlic and olive oil.
Term
a la Vapeur
Definition
Steamed.
Term
A List
Definition
A catering department's steady, extra employees. They are the first called to work when temporary help is needed.
Term
A/C
Definition
Air Conditioning. See HVAC.
Term
A/V Contractor
Definition
Supplier of technical staff and audiovisual equipment (e.g. projectors, screens, sound systems, video, and staging).
Term
A/V Request Form
Definition
Form given to speakers during the planning stages of an event to allow them to request the audiovisual equipment they will need for their presentations.
Term
A/V Technician
Definition
An audiovisual professional who is responsible on-site for lighting, sound, video, staging or other similar elements of an event function.
Term
A1
Definition
1) First class condition. 2) A name brand steak sauce.
Term
A440
Definition
Designated international pitch to which pianos are tuned.
Term
AA
Definition
1) Alcoholics Anonymous. 2) American Airlines.
Term
AAA
Definition
American Automobile Association.
Term
AAAE
Definition
American Association of Airport Executives.
Term
AAF
Definition
American Academy of Florists
Term
AAR
Definition
Against All Risks. A term often found in insurance policies and contracts.
Term
AATTA
Definition
African-American Travel and Tourism Association
Term
Above the Line Advertising
Definition
Traditional commission-paying media: press, TV, radio, cinema, outdoor; media handled by full-service agencies.
Term
Absorption
Definition
Ability of a material to absorb sound energy and reduce sound intensity.
Term
Absorption Coefficient
Definition
Efficiency of a material to absorb sound at a particular frequency (which relates to sound wave length and material thickness).
Term
Abstract
Definition
1) Written summaries of speeches or papers, generally between 200-500 words. See CALL FOR PAPERS. See Also CONFERENCE PAPERS. 2) Laser presentations, graphic designs or patterns that are not representational of concrete objects. 3) A brief statement of content.
Term
Abstract Board
Definition
Usually rolling corkboards used for attaching copies of research papers for authors to discuss with participants. See POSTER SESSION.
Term
AC Cable
Definition
Any wire conductor, regardless of size or connection, that carries an alternating current.
Term
AC Hum
Definition
Humming sound heard in an audio system, usually the result of a Ground Loop which is being amplified by the system.
Term
Academic Conference/Seminar
Definition
See COLLOQUIUM.
Term
Acceleration Clause
Definition
A provision sometimes used in contracts to accelerate deposit payment schedule or to demand full prepayment of master account in the event of a default or lack of credit by the organization. May also apply in other situations, such as assignments. Sometimes used in a hotel to accelerate deposit payment schedule or to demand full prepayment of master account in the event of a default by organization.
Term
Accent Lighting
Definition
Directional lighting used to highlight a particular area or object to draw attention to that portion of the field of view.
Term
Acceptance
Definition
A requirement for entering into a binding contract. If a contract proposal (offer) is made, it is accepted if the offeree signs the offer as submitted. If the offeree makes any changes to the offer before signing, it is a counter offer, not acceptance.
Term
Accepted Practices Exchange
Definition
APEX. An initiative of the meetings, conventions & exhibitions industry managed by the Convention Industry Council (CIC). APEX develops and manages the implementation of accepted practices (voluntary standards) for the industry.
Term
Access Panel
Definition
Removable panel or section of exhibit to permit access to lamps, projectors, mechanisms, etc.
Term
Accessibility
Definition
1) Airline lift into and out of a destination. See Also LIFT. 2) Capable of being used by people with physical challenges and disabilities. This is an important aspect of the United States’ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Term
Accessorial Charges
Definition
Generally refers to air-freight shipments. Airfreight forwarders can provide many services generally not available from common carriers. In most cases, these charges are not included in the per-pound rate of the carriers. Services include, but are not limited to, inside pickups & deliveries, special pickups & deliveries (specific time of day), waiting time, etc.
Term
Accident Report
Definition
A document prepared to record information including time, date, location, parties involved, witnesses, and nature or description of an incident. See INCIDENT REPORT.
Term
Accommodation
Definition
1) Any seat, berth, room, or service provided and/or sold to a guest, attendee or passenger. 2) Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a step taken to allow a person with a disability to participate in an event or employment.
Term
Accompanying Person
Definition
Guest or spouse of an attendee.
Term
Account Sheet
Definition
1) Form used to keep track of number of rooms sold and/or still available. See TALLY SHEET. 2) Designates equipment, materials and teaching aids used in sound and visual presentations.
Term
Accreditation
Definition
Official authorization or approval; to provide with credentials; to send (an envoy) with letters of authorization; to recognize or vouch for as conforming with a standard; to recognize a college as maintaining academic standards; to consider or recognize as outstanding; approval given by various trade associations to a travel agency allowing the sale of tickets and other accommodations.
Term
Accrual Accounting
Definition
1) An accounting method that enters income and expenses into the books at the time of contract versus when payment is received or expenses incurred (cash accounting). 2) A system in which revenue and expenses are accounted for as soon as they are committed.
Term
Acetate
Definition
Film positive or negative from which silk screens are produced. Also, a family of plastics for light transmission and surface protection.
Term
Acetone
Definition
Solvent and/or adhesive agent for bonding many plastic materials.
Term
Acknowledgement
Definition
Written notice that a room reservation request has been received and is being processed.
Term
ACME
Definition
Association for Convention Marketing Executives. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
ACOM
Definition
Association for Convention Operation Management. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
ACON
Definition
Air conditioned. See A/C. See Also HVAC.
Term
Acoustic Baffle
Definition
Absorptive board or sound barricade that can be placed around or between acoustic sources to provide sound isolation or deadening and reduce acoustic leakage between multiple microphones (e.g. in a recording studio or live musical performance stage set-up).
Term
Acoustical Tile
Definition
Composition board made into squares and placed upon the ceiling or walls to reduce sound.
Term
Acoustician
Definition
Specialist in the behavior and control of audio energy within an environment.
Term
Acoustics
Definition
Study of the performance of sound energy. Also the way in which sound energy performs in a given space.
Term
ACRA
Definition
American Car Rental Association.
Term
Across the Board
Definition
Includes everything; inclusive.
Term
Acrylic
Definition
The family of clear, color, and translucent thermoplastic resins such as Plexiglas or Lucite.
Term
Acrylic Emulsion
Definition
A water-based latex made of acrylic polymer and used for coatings and/or impregnations.
Term
Act of God
Definition
An extraordinary natural event such as extreme weather, flood, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquake or similar natural disaster that cannot be reasonably foreseen or prevented over which a contracting party has no reasonable control, making performance of the contract illegal, impracticable or impossible, thus the parties have no legal responsibility to continue performance of the contract. See FORCE MAJEURE.
Term
Action Station
Definition
Chefs prepare foods to order and serve them fresh to guests. Also called Performance Stations, or Exhibition Cooking. Popular items for action stations include: pasta, grilled meat or shrimp, carved meats, sushi, crepes, omelets, flaming desserts, Caesar Salad, etc.
Term
Active Crossover
Definition
An electronic device which filters and selectively amplifies frequencies, separating the frequencies into sections or bands, and routing them to outputs designed to drive power amplifiers and in turn, speakers. The frequencies filtered depend on the electrical value of the component parts in the circuits of the device, but not on the source or load impedances connected to the device, except in the case where the crossover is actually a passive crossover designed for insertion in the medium-level signal lines of an audio system rather than in speaker lines.
Term
Active Language
Definition
The language being used by the speaker.
Term
Actual Cash Value
Definition
ACV. Replacement cost of lost or damaged property less depreciation.
Term
Actual Weight
Definition
Also known as gross shipping weight. Determined by (1) weighing a vehicle empty, (2) loading a shipment and returning the vehicle to the scale to obtain the weight, and (3) subtracting the two weights. Can also be obtained by individually weighing each piece of freight.
Term
Ad Hoc Committee
Definition
Committee formed to deal with a specific issue to be resolved upon making its final report.
Term
Ad Valorem Tax
Definition
Tax applied to an item according to the value of an item. See DUTY.
Term
ADA
Definition
Americans with Disabilities Act. U.S. legislation passed in 1992 requiring public buildings (offices, hotels, restaurants, etc.) to make adjustments meeting minimum standards to make their facilities accessible to individuals with physical disabilities.
Term
ADA Compliant
Definition
Ready to or disposed to perform in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Term
Additional Insured
Definition
An individual or organization listed as covered by a primary insurance agreement.
Term
Add-One
Definition
Any component of a package tour that is not included in the package price, but may be purchased as an added feature or to extend the length of the package. Tour options are purchased at additional cost.
Term
Adjoining Rooms
Definition
Rooms with common walls, which do not have connecting doors.
Term
Adjustable Standard
Definition
Vertical support that allows shelf bracket to be affixed at any point in the support.
Term
Adlux
Definition
A black and white photo transparency.
Term
ADME
Definition
Association of Destination Management Executives. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Admission Card
Definition
Admission card confirming a booking and registration to an event. See CONGRESS CARD.
Term
Admission Ticket
Definition
Ticket used for admission to an event.
Term
Adult Learner
Definition
A student who is independently employed and usually pursuing education to attain a specific, practical goal.
Term
Adult Staff-to-Child Ratio
Definition
The ratio of adults to children required during a childcare/youth program. Accepted ratios are 3:1 for infants, 4:1 for toddlers, 6:1 for children up to eight years old.
Term
Advance Deposit
Definition
Amount of money paid to secure a room, facility or service in advance.
Term
Advance Order
Definition
An order for goods and/or services ordered before the move-in date for an exhibition. Usually less expensive than a FLOOR ORDER.
Term
Advance Rate
Definition
Fees associated with advance orders, which typically include discounts when paid in advance.
Term
Advance Registration
Definition
Booking before an event takes places. Allows attendees to register for an event before it actually takes place. Done through mail, phone, internet or fax. See PRE-REGISTRATION.
Term
Adventure Tour
Definition
A TOUR designed around an adventurous activity such as rafting, hiking or ballooning.
Term
Advertising
Definition
Information about an event that the organizer pays to have printed or announced in various forms of media (e.g. press, TV, radio, cinema, outdoor).
Term
Advertising Specialties
Definition
Promotional items which include a firm's name and/or marketing message.
Term
Advisory Board
Definition
A group that offers advice or counsel to event organizer, event management, or other organization on strategic options such as conference content, exhibitor matters, contracting policies or other issues.
Term
Advisory Capacity
Definition
A term indicating that a shipper's agent or representative is not empowered to make definitive decisions or adjustments without approval of the group or individual represented. See WITHOUT RESERVE.
Term
AED
Definition
Automated External Defibrillator. Device installed in many large public areas (e.g. airports, hotels, convention centers). Can be used by any individual to administer life-saving care to person experiencing a heart attack.
Term
Affiliation
Definition
Union of a society, firm or political party with another, but without loss of identity.
Term
Affinity Group
Definition
Group sharing common interest, usually people who are members of an organization.
Term
Affixed Merchandise
Definition
Products fastened to a display.
Term
Affreightment (Contract of)
Definition
An agreement between a shipping line (or similar carrier) and an importer or exporter in which cargo space is reserved on a vessel for a specified time and at a specified price. The importer/exporter is obligated to make payment whether or not the shipment is made.
Term
Agenda
Definition
A list, outline or plan of items to be done or considered at an event or during a specific time block. May include time schedule.
Term
Agent
Definition
1) Broadly, one who acts or has the power to act: more usually, one that acts as the representative of another. Most frequently in travel, a specific kind of agent such as a retail travel agent. 2) Person that obtains engagements for entertainers, is paid by the entertainers and has no contract for production responsibilities. 3) Person in a speaker bureau/agency that acts on behalf of the seller (speaker) or on behalf of the buyer (customer).
Term
Agricultural Meeting
Definition
An event relating to the production of crops, meat, milk or eggs.
Term
AH&LA
Definition
American Hotel and Lodging Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Air Cargo
Definition
Any property carried, or to be carried, in an aircraft, excluding passenger baggage.
Term
Air Consignment Note
Definition
A bill of lading issued by the airline that covers both domestic and international flights transporting goods to a specified destination. Technically, it is a non-negotiable instrument of air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods listed therein and obligates itself to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions. A bill of lading that covers domestic and international flights transporting goods. See AIR WAYBILL. See Also BILL OF LADING, INLAND BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.
Term
Air Express
Definition
Expedited airfreight, usually referring to overnight air.
Term
Air Freight
Definition
Materials shipped via airplane.
Term
Air Wall
Definition
Movable barrier that partitions a large area into smaller areas. May be sound resistant, but not necessarily sound proof. See DIVIDER. See Also MOVABLE WALL, PARTITION.
Term
Air Waybill
Definition
A bill of lading issued by the airline that covers both domestic and international flights transporting goods to a specified destination. Technically, it is a non-negotiable instrument of air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods listed therein and obligates itself to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions. A bill of lading that covers domestic and international flights transporting goods. See AIR CONSIGNMENT NOTE. See Also BILL OF LADING, INLAND BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.
Term
Airfreight Forwarder
Definition
An airfreight company that transports freight via scheduled airlines. Forwarders do not operate their own planes.
Term
Airport Hotel
Definition
Hotel located near a major airport; usually does not have a lot of recreational facilities.
Term
Air-Ride Suspension
Definition
Smoothest ride for fragile cargo, made possible by two to four air bags located at the rear axle of the trailer, tractor or fifth-wheel.
Term
Aisle
Definition
1) Area between a booth/stand for audience traffic movement. 2) Space between sets of tables, chairs or a booth/stand to allow passage of attendees. See GANGWAY.
Term
Aisle Carpet
Definition
Carpet installed in aisles.
Term
Aisle Sign
Definition
A sign, usually suspended, indicating aisle numbers or letters.
Term
All Expense Tour
Definition
See INCLUSIVE TOUR.
Term
All Suite Hotel
Definition
See SUITE HOTEL.
Term
All-Inclusive Tour
Definition
See INCLUSIVE TOUR.
Term
All-Risks Insurance
Definition
Insurance against loss of or damage to property arising from any fortuitous cause except those that are specifically excluded. An insurance contract which provides All-Risks Insurance is an All-Risks policy.
Term
Alpha List
Definition
A list arranged in alphabetical order, such as definitions in a glossary or event attendees.
Term
Alteration
Definition
A change made by the client after any part of the production process has begun. Usually billed as an extra charge.
Term
Alternate Media
Definition
Alternatives to print materials (e.g. Braille, large print, etc.) provided to assist people with disabilities in achieving full participation.
Term
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Definition
Method for resolving disputes without going to court.
Term
Alumni Tour
Definition
A TOUR designed for those people who have previously traveled with a particular tour company. Also Called REUNION TOUR.
Term
Amandine
Definition
Served with thinly sliced almonds, sautéed in butter.
Term
Ambience
Definition
Distinctive acoustical characteristic of a room or acoustic space due to the many sound reflections in the space (e.g., rooms that are said to be acoustically “dead” lack ambience).
Term
Ambient Light
Definition
1) Level of illumination from natural lighting sources already existing in an environment. 2) Uncontrolled and unintended illumination.
Term
Amenity
Definition
Complimentary items in sleeping rooms such as writing supplies, bathrobes, fruit baskets, shower caps, shampoo and shoe shine mitt provided by facility for guests.
Term
American Breakfast
Definition
A meal of fruits and/ or juices, cereal, eggs, meat, bakery goods and hot or cold beverages.
Term
American Plan
Definition
AP. A type of hotel rate that includes the price of the room and all meals. Also Called FULL AMERICAN PLAN (FAP). See INCLUSIVE RATE. See Also BERMUDA PLAN, CONTINENTAL PLAN, DEMI-PENSION, EUROPEAN PLAN, MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN.
Term
American Reception
Definition
Stand-up social function with beverage and sufficient food to replace a main meal.
Term
American Service
Definition
Food is plated in the kitchen and placed before the guest. Side dishes are used for bread and butter and salad. Food is served from the left, beverages from the right, and all items are removed from the right. This is generally the service used for banquets. See PLATED SERVICE.
Term
Americans with Disabilities Act
Definition
ADA. U.S. legislation passed in 1992 requiring public buildings (offices, hotels, restaurants, etc.) to make adjustments meeting minimum standards to make their facilities accessible to individuals with physical disabilities.
Term
AMMC
Definition
Alliance of Meeting Management Companies. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Amorphic Lens
Definition
Special lens for projectors used to eliminate distortion in abnormally wide throws.
Term
Amperage
Definition
An International System unit for the amount of electrical current transferred from one component to another. This specification is often important when considering the amplifier loudspeaker interface. See AMPERE.
Term
Ampere
Definition
The standard measurement of current.
Term
Amphitheater
Definition
Outdoor facility with a flat performance area surrounded by rising rows of seats or a grassy slope allowing the audience to view the performance. The seating area is usually a semi-circular shape or adapted to the surrounding landscape.
Term
Amplification
Definition
Increase in signal quantity of either amplitude or power level.
Term
Amplifier
Definition
Amp. 1) Device which increases the voltage and/or power level of signals fed through it. 2) Device enabling sound to be intensified.
Term
Amplitude
Definition
Extreme range of a fluctuating quantity, as an alternating current, swing of a pendulum, etc., generally measured from the average or mean to the extreme. Also used to make reference to the overall volume of a signal.
Term
AMS
Definition
Association Management Software
Term
Analog
Definition
A method of conveying data electronically in relation to a television, radio or telephone signal by varying its frequency or amplitude.
Term
Anamorphic Lens
Definition
Lens adapter designed to produce a wide screen image.
Term
Anchor
Definition
An auger-type device used to secure the guy ropes of a tent to the ground, ranging in length from 30-48 inches with a helix of 4-8 inches in diameter. Anchors hold better than stakes do in bare earth and sand. See STAKES.
Term
Ancillary Activities
Definition
All event-related support services within a facility that generate revenue.
Term
Ancillary Center
Definition
Event facility that is typically part of a larger hospitality complex.
Term
Andragogy
Definition
The art and science of helping adults learn as opposed to pedagogy, which is the science of helping children learn.
Term
Androgogic Model
Definition
Knowles Theory. A theory that proposes that for adults to learn, the following must be addressed: adults need to know why they need to learn something; adults need to learn through experience; adults view learning as problem solving; adults only learn when the material is immediately relevant.
Term
Angels on Horseback
Definition
Baked bacon-wrapped oysters.
Term
Animation
Definition
A technique that creates an illusion of movement when used in rapid sequence.
Term
Ann.
Definition
Announcer.
Term
Anncr.
Definition
Announcer.
Term
Anodizing
Definition
The process of preserving metal by adding a protective oxide film by an electrolytic process.
Term
ANSI
Definition
American National Standards Institute. An organization responsible for fostering the development of and approving technology standards in the United States. www.ansi.org
Term
Answer Print
Definition
The first positive print of a movie film made from the rough edited negative.
Term
Anti-Discrimination Laws
Definition
Laws that protect individuals or groups from bias and discrimination on the basis of factors such as age, sex, religion, national origin or disability. Anti discrimination laws may be imposed on the local (e.g. city, county), state or federal level. Federal laws prohibit discrimination in any place of public accommodation. Anti-discrimination provisions are sometimes included in contracts to allow a party to the contract to cancel without liability in the event the other party or parties is found guilty of engaging in discriminatory practices.
Term
Antidiversion Clause
Definition
See DESTINATION CONTROL STATEMENT.
Term
Antipasto
Definition
Italian appetizers that include olives, salami, peppers, marinated vegetable salads, sliced meats, cheeses and other similar foods.
Term
Anti-Stat for Carpet
Definition
A spray that helps reduce static electricity in carpets.
Term
Antistat Wax
Definition
A solution applied to plastics to minimize dust accumulation.
Term
Antitrust Laws
Definition
Legislation designed to promote competition and prevent unfair practices that may lead to monopolies or suppression of competition.
Term
Anvil Case
Definition
Reinforced molded plastic case, normally with foam cut-outs for transporting fragile materials.
Term
AoD
Definition
Audio on Demand. Streaming Audio delivered via a network, available anytime, anywhere.
Term
AP
Definition
American Plan. A type of hotel rate that includes the price of the room and all meals. Also Called FULL AMERICAN PLAN (FAP). See INCLUSIVE RATE. See Also BERMUDA PLAN, CONTINENTAL PLAN, DEMI-PENSION, EUROPEAN PLAN, MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN.
Term
Aperture Width/Height
Definition
Actual slide or film frame dimensions.
Term
APEX
Definition
Accepted Practices Exchange. An initiative of the meetings, conventions & exhibitions industry managed by the Convention Industry Council (CIC). APEX develops and manages the implementation of accepted practices (voluntary standards) for the industry.
Term
APEX Fare
Definition
Advance Purchase Excursion Fare (airline). Special fare at a lower rate.
Term
Appellation
Definition
1) Designated wine growing areas governed by the rules and regulations of a country's federal local government body. Rules vary from country to country but are similar in their attempt to stimulate the production of quality wines. Regulations are established by the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in France, the Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) in Italy, the Denominaçao de Origem Controlada (DOC) in Portugal, the Denominación de Origen (DO) in Spain and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) in the United States. 2) Synonym for name.
Term
Appetizer
Definition
Any small, bite-size food served before a meal to whet and excite the palate. Used synonymously with the term Hors d' Oeuvres, though this term more aptly describes finger food, whereas appetizer can also apply to a first course served at table.
Term
Application Service Provider
Definition
ASP. A company that manages and distributes software-based solutions to customers across a wide area network from a central data center. In essence, ASPs are a way for organizations to outsource some or almost all aspects of their information technology needs.
Term
Application Sharing
Definition
A feature of many videoconferencing systems that allows two or more people to use the same software program, even if all do not have it on their computer or conferencing system.
Term
Appliqué
Definition
Any item applied to fabric or other surfaces for the purpose of decor.
Term
Appointed Entity
Definition
Airline ticket sales outlet, such as a travel agency, accredited by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
Term
Apprentice
Definition
An individual who works in exchange for the learning experience, often unpaid.
Term
Apron
Definition
Part of a stage in front of the main curtain.
Term
AQ
Definition
Any quantity.
Term
Arbitrage
Definition
The process of buying foreign exchange, stocks, bonds, and other commodities in one market and immediately selling them in another market at higher prices.
Term
Arbitration
Definition
Private dispute resolution process, often referred to as alternate dispute resolution, in which the parties agree to submit their dispute to an impartial third party for a decision. Depending on the type of arbitration, the arbitrator's decision may or may not be binding. Several organizations, including the American Arbitration Association and JAMS-Endispute, handle arbitration claims. Courts may require some disputes be submitted to arbitration instead of or prior to the formal trial process.
Term
Arc Light
Definition
A light source providing high-intensity light utilizing a positive and negative metal rod (instead of a lightbulb) for large screens or long projection distances; also used in follow spotlights; replaced by xenon lamps in the 1980s.
Term
Arch
Definition
A curved display ceiling that spans two points, such as a ceiling or entryway.
Term
Architectural Cuisine
Definition
Menu items where food is stacked for height, such as endive boats filled with salad greens. See VERTICAL CUISINE.
Term
Area Agreement
Definition
A union contract covering companies and unions that bargain on an area-wide basis.
Term
Arena
Definition
Facility type featuring a large flat main floor surrounded by fixed seats in a sloping oval or modified oval shape, much steeper that the typical theater. Some are arranged in two or more tiers. Sight lines are nearly always designed for events the size of a hockey floor, circus, ice show, or basketball court.
Term
Argon
Definition
An inert, colorless, odorless gas that creates a blue-green color inside a laser tube.
Term
Armorply
Definition
A term for plywood or lumber with a metal veneer.
Term
Arranged Environment
Definition
A learning environment with planned physical set-up and seating arrangements.
Term
Arrival Manifest
Definition
An itemized list of anticipated dates and times of arrival of group members.
Term
Arrival Notice
Definition
A document issued by railroads, airlines and maritime services identifying the shipment is sent to the consignee or their agent and informing consignee/agent of cargo’s arrival.
Term
Arrival Pattern
Definition
Anticipated dates and times of arrival of group members.
Term
Arrival Time
Definition
Time or approximate time guests plan to arrive at a facility.
Term
Arrival/Departure Pattern
Definition
A description of arrival and departure activities of an event’s attendees. See MAJOR ARRIVAL. See Also MAJOR DEPARTURE, GROUP ARRIVALS/DEPARTURES. This information should be included in the specifications guide for an event.
Term
Art
Definition
Any materials (drawings, photographs, type) used in preparing camera-ready art. Also known as artwork.
Term
Articles and By-laws
Definition
Rules adopted by an organization for managing its internal affairs.
Term
As Directed
Definition
Based on time and at the direction of the customer.
Term
ASAE
Definition
American Society of Association Executives.
Term
ASCAP
Definition
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers. A membership organization that represents individuals who hold the copyrights to music written in the United States and grants licensing agreements for the performance of that music.
Term
ASCII
Definition
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A code that assigns numbers to alphabetic, numeric and certain other characters. ASCII is the most common format for text files in computers and on the Internet.
Term
Ash Stand
Definition
Stand which holds ashtrays. A receptacle for tobacco ashes; an ashtray; ash can.
Term
Aside
Definition
A dramatic device in which an actor speaks directly to the audience while other individuals onstage supposedly do not hear him or her.
Term
ASM
Definition
Assistant stage manager.
Term
ASP
Definition
Application Service Provider.
Term
Aspect Ratio
Definition
The ratio of image width to height; pertaining to audiovisual, video and slides.
Term
Assembly
Definition
1) The process of erecting display component parts into a complete exhibit. 2) A general or formal meeting of an organization attended by representatives of its members for the purpose of deciding legislative direction, policy matters, the election of internal committees and approval of balance sheets, budgets, etc. Consequently, an assembly usually observes certain rules of procedure for its meetings; mostly prescribed in its Articles & By-laws.
Term
Assessment
Definition
1) The process used to evaluate a participant's skill level with respect to a set of materials or requirements. 2) A charge to a supplier(s) from a service entity such as Convention Bureau, Housing Bureau, etc. that is for a specific service such as convention center fees, busing, housing or other that is part of an event customer's agreement. This assessment is normally paid to the service provider directly by the supplier. Compare with REBATE.
Term
Asset
Definition
Something of value that is owned.
Term
Assistant Lead Dispatcher
Definition
The onsite staff member second in command of the transportation system. Assists the lead dispatcher and fills in when the lead dispatcher is not on site. Normally the assistant lead dispatcher is assigned to the command center.
Term
Association
Definition
An organized group of individuals and/or companies who band together to accomplish a common purpose, usually to provide for the needs of its members. Usually nonprofit. See TRADE ASSOCIATION.
Term
Association Agreement
Definition
1) A union contract covering companies and unions that bargain on an area-wide basis. 2) A union contract negotiated by a group of employers through an employer's association with the union representing their employees.
Term
Association Booth/Stand
Definition
An exhibit booth/stand at which an association provides information about its purpose and services to members and prospective members.
Term
Association Meeting
Definition
An event initiated by an association. See ASSOCIATION.
Term
Association Staff
Definition
An individual who works for an association.
Term
ASTA
Definition
American Society of Travel Agents.
Term
ASTD
Definition
American Society for Training and Development.
Term
Asynchronous Learning
Definition
Any learning event that is delivered after the original live event or where the interaction is delayed over time. Typically this is on-demand and can be to video-on-demand (VoD), audio-on-demand (AoD), correspondence courses, email messages, bulletin boards, etc.
Term
At Liberty
Definition
Euphemism used by actors, consultants, and others for unemployed or available for work. Those who are unemployed.
Term
At Sight
Definition
A phrase indicating that payment on a draft or other negotiable contract is due upon demand.
Term
At Site
Definition
Location of event or exhibit. See ON-SITE.
Term
ATA
Definition
Air Transport Association of America. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
ATA Carnet
Definition
An international customs document that permits duty-free and tax-free temporary import of goods for up to one year. It eliminates or reduces VAT charges, customs fees, and bond fees. The initials "ATA" are an acronym of the French and English words "Admission Temporaire/Temporary Admission." ATA Carnets cover commercial samples; professional equipment; and, goods for presentation or use at trade fairs, shows, exhibitions, etc. Items not covered are consumable or disposable goods, which will not be returned home.
Term
At-a-Glance Program
Definition
Condensed, quick reference version of an event's program. See POCKET PROGRAM.
Term
ATC
Definition
Air Traffic Conference of America (a division of the Air Transport Association (ATA).
Term
Athletic Meeting
Definition
An event that involves sports or athletic equipment. Athletes, guests or attendees may be in competition or demonstration.
Term
Atmospheric
Definition
A term used to describe a lighting effect created by laser light projected through the air, often enhanced with theatrical fog; also known as aerial beams
Term
Atmospherics
Definition
Use of color to create a mood in a room or exhibit.
Term
Attendance
Definition
Total number of people at an event.
Term
Attendee
Definition
An individual, registered for or participating in an event. Includes delegates, exhibitors, media, speakers, and guests.
Term
Attendee Brochure
Definition
Direct mail piece sent to current and prospective attendees that promotes the benefits of attending a specific event.
Term
Attendee Scope
Definition
Where attendees come from. It is directly related to the spending characteristics of attendees who fall into each of these categories: INTERNATIONAL- Draws a national and international event audience; 15% or more of event delegates reside outside of event host country. NATIONAL-Draws a national event audience; More than 40% of delegates reside outside of a 400 mile (640 km) radius of event city. REGIONAL-60% of delegates reside within a 400 mile (640 km) radius of event city; Delegates may reside in a multi-state area and/or a regionally homogenous international area. STATE/PROVINCE- More than 80% of delegates reside in event state/province (or event-sponsoring state/province when held in state/province other than home state/province; More than 20% of delegates reside outside a 50 mile (80 km) radius of event site; State/provincial audiences are less inclined to use air travel and local auto rental than regional audiences. LOCAL-80% of delegates reside within a 50 mile (80 km) of radius of event site; Local audiences typically do not require overnight accommodations.
Term
Attenuate
Definition
To reduce. In audio parlance, to reduce the level of an electrical signal as with a volume control.
Term
Attraction
Definition
A natural or man-made facility, location, or activity that offers items of specific interest. An attraction can be a natural or scenic wonder (e.g. the Grand Canyon), a man-made theme park (e.g. Disneyland) ,a cultural or historic exhibition (e.g. World's Fair), or a wildlife/ecological park (e.g. zoo or aquarium).
Term
Attrition
Definition
The difference between the actual number of sleeping rooms picked-up (or food-and-beverage covers or revenue projections) and the number or formulas agreed to in the terms of the facility’s contract. Usually there is an allowable shortfall before damages are assessed.
Term
Attrition Clause
Definition
Contract wording that outlines potential damages or fees that a party may be required to pay in the event that it does not fulfill minimum commitments in the contract.
Term
au Gratin
Definition
Foods sprinkled with crumbs and/or cheese and baked until browned
Term
au Jus
Definition
Served with natural meat juices or gravy without thickening.
Term
au Lait
Definition
With milk (e.g. café au lait).
Term
Audience Count
Definition
The number of people in an audience. In a controlled situation, this number is most accurately found through ticket sales, turnstile counts, or established seating capacities. In a non-controlled situation, estimates from law enforcement agencies, park and recreation departments, or other organizations involved in crowd control are usually reliable. See COVER. See Also HEAD COUNT.
Term
Audience Left and Right
Definition
Stage directions from the audience’s perspective. This is the opposite of STAGE LEFT AND RIGHT. See CAMERA LEFT AND RIGHT. See Also SCREEN LEFT AND RIGHT.
Term
Audience Polling
Definition
Computer application that enables voting and then collects and displays the results, simplifying decision-making among event participants.
Term
Audio Frequency
Definition
Any frequency which humans hear, typically between a lower limit of about 12 hertz and an upper limit of about 20,000 hertz. This range of audio frequencies is also known as the “audio spectrum.”
Term
Audio Monitor
Definition
1) Speaker for listening to the playback of tapes or records. 2) A loudspeaker used for listening to the playback of tapes or records and by musicians to hear themselves or other musicians on stage. 3) Conference call.
Term
Audioconference
Definition
A conference using only voice transmissions between two or more sites.
Term
Audiovisual
Definition
A/V. Equipment, materials, and teaching aids used in sound and visual presentations, such as television monitors, video, sound equipment, etc.
Term
Audiovisual Aids
Definition
Audio and visual support for events, usually taking the form of film, slides, overhead projection, flip charts, sound equipment and blackboards.
Term
Audit
Definition
A methodical examination and review of records pertaining to an event. For instance, an independent verification of attendance figures submitted by an exhibition’s producers.
Term
Audition
Definition
A tryout performance before producers, directors, casting directors or others for the purpose of obtaining a part in a production or a booking as a speaker.
Term
Auditorium
Definition
Room for gathering an audience for speeches, concerts etc. Often used to name entire facilities, though properly applied only to the seated portion of the facility in which the audience is assembled. Typically a building named in this way will be an arena or theater class building.
Term
Auditorium Lens
Definition
A projection lens used for long distances.
Term
Auditorium Lights
Definition
See HOUSE LIGHTS.
Term
Auditorium Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement where chairs are arranged in rows facing head table, stage or speaker. Variations are semicircular and V-shaped. See THEATER SET-UP.
Term
Authorized Signatory
Definition
A person who is authorized to legally bind an individual or organization to a contract, to sign checks on behalf of an organization, or charge to an organization's master account.
Term
Autograph Table
Definition
Traditionally, a table where a speaker autographs books after a speaking engagement. Many speakers currently use the term to mean the table at the back of the room from which they sell their products.
Term
Automatic Advance
Definition
Feature on a slide projector which automatically inserts the next slide.
Term
Auxiliary Aids and Services
Definition
1) Contracted services (e.g. stewards, technicians, interpreters, tour guides, etc.) that provide support for an event. 2) The use of adaptive equipment or assistance to ensure accessibility for people with disabilities.
Term
Auxiliary Business
Definition
Business that is brought to the facility because of, or in conjunction with, an event. See IN CONJUNCTION WITH.
Term
Auxiliary Supply
Definition
System for providing power, lighting, air conditioning, heating, catering and emergency battery systems.
Term
Average Room Rate
Definition
1) Mathematical average of a series of sleeping room rates. 2) The total sleeping room revenue for a given period's occupied rooms divided by the number of rooms occupied for the same period. In this instance the average is commonly referred to as a hotel's Average Daily Rate (ADR).
Term
Awards Banquet/Celebration
Definition
An event, usually formal, to honor outstanding performance.
Term
Awning
Definition
A monopitch tent structure that is supported by a frame and is often foldable.
Term
Axis
Definition
Imaginary center point.
Term
B&B
Definition
1) Bed and Breakfast. 2) Brandy and Benedictine.
Term
b/g
Definition
Background, as in background music.
Term
B/P
Definition
Bills Payable.
Term
B2B
Definition
Business-to-Business.
Term
Baby Spot
Definition
1) Small spotlight in a booth/stand, usually 15 watt. 2) Small spotlight in the ceiling of function rooms used to highlight decor, such as centerpieces.
Term
Babysitting Facilities
Definition
Arrangements for care of children during a short absence of the parents.
Term
Back Drape
Definition
A drape, curtain or fabric panel that provides a soft, colorful background for a speaker. The audience's attention will be zeroed on the speaker with enhanced concentration and retention.
Term
Back Light
Definition
1) A light source that illuminates any transparent or translucent material from behind. 2) A lighting instrument used behind and above a presenter to give more depth and better image when video taping or using image-magnification. 3) Lighting instrument used behind and above a presenter to give more depth and better image when video taping or using image-magnification.
Term
Back of the House
Definition
A term used in hotels to refer to areas for staff only, as opposed to the front of the house.
Term
Back Projection
Definition
Image projected on the back surface of a screen, which is placed between the viewer and the projector. See REAR PROJECTION.
Term
Backbone
Definition
A permanently installed series of cable comprised of copper wire cable and/or fiber optic cable, utilized as the main thoroughfare in a building to transmit voice and data signals in or out of the facility.
Term
Backdrop
Definition
Drapes, curtain, or fabric panels at the back of a stage, speaker’s table, or exhibit booth/stand.
Term
Backline Equipment
Definition
Equipment required by musicians that is needed in order to perform at an engagement. This varies from artist to artist and often must be rented by the event organizer. Generally, it is everything a live band needs, such as amplifiers, apart from the musicians and their instruments.
Term
Back-Lit Panels
Definition
Three-dimensional structure (or box) with lights placed behind a transparent image.
Term
Backloader
Definition
Truck which loads from a rear-opening door.
Term
Back-of-Room Sales
Definition
The act and process of selling books, tapes, and other products at the back of the room, usually immediately after a speech.
Term
Backstage
Definition
Portion of the theater behind the main curtain including stage, dressing rooms, and wings.
Term
Back-to-Back
Definition
Travel or conference programs operating on a continuous or chronologically sequential basis so that one group arrives as another group departs or shortly thereafter.
Term
Back-to-Back Booth/Stand
Definition
The standard exhibit configuration where booths/stands are placed in rows, back to back.
Term
Back-Up Facility
Definition
Substitute facility that will serve as an as a viable alternative if the original facility become unavailable or inadequate for its intended purpose.
Term
Backwall
Definition
1) The back wall (either hardwall or draped) of a perimeter, booth/stand/exhibit, or inline. 2) Panel arrangement at rear of booth/stand area.
Term
Backwall Booth/Stand
Definition
An exhibit that is back to back with another exhibit or against a building wall. See PERIMETER BOOTH/STAND.
Term
Badge
Definition
Identifying sign, tag or emblem worn by event participants. Sometimes called a nametag.
Term
Baffle
Definition
Partition to control light, air, sound, or traffic flow.
Term
Baguette
Definition
Long French bread; crunchy crust.
Term
Baked Alaska
Definition
Brick ice cream on cake, covered with meringue and browned quickly in the oven. Sometimes served flaming in a waiter parade.
Term
Baklava
Definition
Russian, Greek or Turkish pastry made of flaky dough, honey, butter and chopped nuts.
Term
Balance Sheet
Definition
A statement that indicates overall financial status by subtracting expenses from income.
Term
Baling Wire
Definition
Thin gauged wire often used in display work for fastening or tying objects.
Term
Ball
Definition
Formal social gathering for dancing.
Term
Ball Light
Definition
Stationary adjustable light found on older model exhibits.
Term
Ballast
Definition
A power supply used with arc or discharge lamps to control current through the bulb.
Term
Bananas Foster
Definition
Dessert prepared with bananas, brown sugar, liqueur and served over vanilla ice cream. Often prepared flaming at table side.
Term
Band
Definition
Portion of the audio frequency spectrum in the same way that green is a portion of the visible frequency spectrum. The audio frequency spectrum covers a range of over 10 octaves.
Term
Band Pass
Definition
Set of two filters that attenuate frequencies beyond the frequency limits of a given band of frequencies. The telephone, for example, is a band pass filter that eliminates low frequencies below about 300 hertz and high frequencies above about 5,000 hertz, causing the characteristic telephone sound most people are familiar with.
Term
Banding
Definition
Thin, flat wire used to hold cartons or crates together.
Term
Bandwidth
Definition
The amount of information that can be transmitted in an information channel such as a telephone line, ISDN, or Ethernet. Higher bandwidth means that images and sound will load more quickly for use in videoconferences or on the Internet.
Term
Banjo
Definition
Type of lightweight cloth used for backdrops.
Term
Bank Draft
Definition
An order drawn for the payment of a specified sum of money through a bank to a particular person or entity.
Term
Bank Guarantee Cash Deposit
Definition
Payable by the exhibitor to the forwarder, Customs agent, or official authorities in place of a temporary import bond to ensure the amount requested is the minimum amount of import duties and taxes that would be paid in case of final import.
Term
Bank Maze
Definition
See STANCHIONS.
Term
Bank Pin
Definition
Pin used for hanging booth/stand ID signs, alternative to S-HOOKS.
Term
Bank Remittance
Definition
Money forwarded to a bank; may be by mail or electronic means.
Term
Bank Transfer
Definition
Movement of funds between banks or from one bank account to another.
Term
Banner
Definition
A suspended decorative or communicative panel, usually a temporary fabric or paper. Can be used as hanging signs.
Term
Banner Advertising
Definition
An advertisement on a Web site which allows user to “click through” to the advertiser’s Web site.
Term
Banquet
Definition
Formal, often ceremonial, dinner for a select group of people, often in honor of a particular person.
Term
Banquet Captain
Definition
Person in charge of banquet service at food functions. For small functions, also serves as maitre d. For larger functions, may be responsible for a specific area of the dining room.
Term
Banquet Event Order
Definition
BEO. A form most often used by hotels to provide details to personnel concerned with a specific food and beverage function or event room set-up.
Term
Banquet Manager
Definition
A person in charge of banquet service.
Term
Banquet Round
Definition
1) Round table used for meal service; depending on the diameter, can comfortably seat up to 12 persons. A round for 8 is usually 60-inches in diameter and is also called a 5-footer. The 66-inch round is a newer table size and seats 8 to 10. A round for 10is usually 72-inches in diameter and is also called 6-footer.
Term
Banquet Set-Up
Definition
1) Seating arrangement where typically a grouping of rounds is set in such a way as to facilitate the serving of food, most often a hexagonal or square pattern. 2) Function-room set up and tear down. See HOUSEMAN.
Term
Banquet Set-Up Manager
Definition
In charge of function room set up, over housemen.
Term
Bare Booth/Stand
Definition
Booth/stand with no services or facilities, meaning that these all have to be hired at an additional cost.
Term
Bargaining Agent
Definition
Union recognized by the employer or designated by a government agency to act as the exclusive representative of employees in a bargaining unit.
Term
Bargaining Unit
Definition
A group of employees designated by a government agency or accepted by the employer as constituting an appropriate unit for representation by a union.
Term
Barn Door
Definition
Movable hinged flap used on stage lights to control light spill.
Term
Barrier-Free
Definition
Absence of obstacles preventing handicapped persons from moving freely to all public areas within a building.
Term
Barriers to Entry
Definition
Conditions that create difficulty for competitors to enter the market. For example, monopolies, cartels, copyrights, trademarks, patents, dedicated distribution channels and high initial investment requirements.
Term
Barter
Definition
Trade in which merchandise or service is exchanged directly for other merchandise or service without the use of money. Barter can be an important means of trade with countries using currency that is not readily convertible.
Term
Base
Definition
1) Steel floor support piece for upright post. 2) A stand on which something rests or is supported.
Term
Base Currency
Definition
Currency in which all official business transactions will take place.
Term
Base Plate
Definition
Empty dinner plate used as a base for several courses and removed prior to the main course. Also called Set Plate. See Also UNDERLINER. Compare With SHOW PLATE.
Term
Base Rate
Definition
The hourly rate or salary paid for a job performed. It does not include payments of overtime, incentives or other differentials.
Term
Base Salary
Definition
The fixed amount paid to an employee on a regular basis, not including any gratuities, commissions, benefits or bonuses.
Term
Batten
Definition
BATS. Lengths of pipe from which scenery, curtains, and lights can be hung.
Term
Baud
Definition
Bits a modem can send or receive per second
Term
BDI
Definition
Both Dates Inclusive.
Term
Bead
Definition
Metal edge of lath or framing that finishes corners or openings and gives plaster finish continuous, smooth corners.
Term
Bead Board
Definition
A circuit board, which is most often carrying less than 24 volts of electricity.
Term
Beaded Screen
Definition
Type of screen with highly reflective surface used for front protection.
Term
Beam
Definition
The size, shape and sharpness of the image of the light as projected on a surface.
Term
Béarnaise Sauce
Definition
A derivative of the hollandaise mother sauce. It is prepared by adding a tarragon reduction to hollandaise. Béarnaise must be kept on or near heat or it will separate and break down. Often served on Filet Mignon.
Term
Bed and Breakfast
Definition
1) A guesthouse, small hotel or private home that offers overnight accommodations and breakfast for paying guests. 2) Sleeping room rate includes breakfast. See CONTINENTAL PLAN (CP).
Term
Bed Hook
Definition
The size, shape and sharpness of the image of the light as projected on a surface.
Term
Bed Tax
Definition
See TRANSIENT OCCUPANCY TAX.
Term
Beef Wellington
Definition
Tenderloin coated with liver pate and baked en Croute (flaky crust).
Term
Beep
Definition
Audio signal used for cueing and editing.
Term
Beeper
Definition
Small radio receiver that emits a beeping noise when signaled to alert the person carrying it.
Term
Beignet
Definition
(ben yay) 1) French doughnut, square shaped, minus the hole, lavishly sprinkled with powdered sugar. 2) Foods dipped in batter and deep-fried.
Term
Bell Captain
Definition
A hotel employee who supervises the work of staff whose primary responsibility is to carry luggage, run errands, etc. at a hotel or club. Not to be confused with Concierge.
Term
Below-the-Line Expenses
Definition
Expenses for general business purposes not related directly to an event, common referred to as general overhead expenses such as office rent, health insurance, etc.
Term
Benefits
Definition
1) Entitlements made available in accordance with employment, such as a medical insurance policy, vacation, sick leave, etc. 2) Compensation or coverage from an insurance policy.
Term
BEO
Definition
Banquet Event Order. A form most often used by hotels to provide details to personnel concerned with a specific food and beverage function or event room set-up.
Term
Bermuda Plan
Definition
Hotel accommodations with full American-style breakfast included in the rate. See BED AND BREAKFAST. See Also AMERICAN PLAN, CONTINENTAL PLAN, DEMI-PENSION, EUROPEAN PLAN, MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN.
Term
Betacam/BetaSP
Definition
Common video format for presentation graphics, not compatible with VHS format. Commercial beta is used for broadcast quality video. See VHS Format.
Term
Bible
Definition
See SPECIFICATIONS GUIDE.
Term
Bid
Definition
1) A statement of what one will give or take in return for something else (a price); proposal. 2) Proposal submitted by a convention & visitors bureau and/or hotel(s) to an event organizer that includes defined dates and room blocks.
Term
Bid Document
Definition
The proposal, usually prepared in response to a request for proposals or sales lead, submitted by a destination or a facility, inviting an organization to hold its event n their venue. See REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
Term
Bid Manual/Specifications
Definition
Written document issued by an organization which contains requirements and conditions for future events, and solicits proposals for needed services from venues and other service providers. Often also includes primary selection and decision procedures. Same as REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP).
Term
Bien Cuit
Definition
(ben kwee) Well done, as in steak cooked well done.
Term
Bill of Lading
Definition
B/L. A document that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a transportation company under which freight is to be moved between specified points for a specified charge. Usually prepared by the shipper on forms issued by the carrier, it serves as a document of title, a contract of carriage, and a receipt of goods. See AIR WAYBILL. See Also INLAND BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.
Term
Billing Instructions
Definition
Notice as to how charges for an event should be handled and to whom invoices should be addressed.
Term
Billing Weight
Definition
Generally refers to airfreight and van line shipments. The billing weight is the number upon which freight charges are based. The billing weight will be the actual weight or the dimensional weight, whichever is greater.
Term
Binding
Definition
Process of fastening pages of books, brochures, magazines together. See PERFECT BINDING. See Also SADDLE STITCH, SIDE-STITCH BINDING.
Term
Bio
Definition
A slang term for biography.
Term
Biographical Sheet
Definition
A profile, one-sheet or a short document that lists a speakers’ major credits and gives a brief history of his or her career. A biographical sheet is not a job resume or a vital. To remain true to its singular limit, a biographical sheet should be no longer than one page.
Term
Bisque
Definition
(bisk) Soup thickened with a vegetable puree; usually a shellfish soup.
Term
Bit
Definition
A unit of measurement that represents one figure or character of data. A bit is the smallest unit of storage in a computer. Bit multiples are called bytes.
Term
Bitmap
Definition
A set of bits that defines a graphic image.
Term
Black Light
Definition
Ultraviolet lighting that when applied causes phosphorescent paints to glow.
Term
Black Tie
Definition
Required dress: dinner jacket, bow tie and cummerbund for the men and formal evening dress for the women. May include national dress. In the U.S. and Canada, Black Tie indicates Tuxedo. “Black tie optional” indicates that formal dress is preferred but not required. See FORMAL DRESS. See Also WHITE TIE.
Term
Black Tie Optional
Definition
Men can wear a tuxedo or dark business suit; for women a long, formal gown or a shorter, elegant dress or suit.
Term
Black-and-White
Definition
A black-and-white photograph of a speaker, sometimes referred to as a B&W. See GLOSSY.
Term
Blackboard
Definition
Hard, smooth, usually dark surface used for drawing or writing with chalk. See CHALKBOARD. See Also MARKER BOARD.
Term
Blanket License
Definition
Used particularly in regard to music licensing, a blanket license allows the music user unlimited access to the collectives' licensed repertory, for a contractual period of time, in exchange for a profit participation in the music user's economic growth. See Also ASCAP, BMI, & SESAC.
Term
Blanket Wrap
Definition
Non-crated freight shipped via van line covered with protective blankets or padding.
Term
Bleachers
Definition
Stand of tiered planks providing seating space for spectators. Can be permanent or temporary.
Term
Bleed
Definition
Ink that extends beyond edges of printed page. Area beyond usable section of blowup or copy block that allows for trimming or wrapping.
Term
Bleeding Edge
Definition
A level of technology more advanced than cutting edge or state-of-the-art. Bleeding edge equipment should be given extra attention, being careful to test and retest and not make adjustments between the rehearsal and the event.
Term
Blind Commission
Definition
A commission that is paid by a hotel to a third party that reimburses for services and comes out of the hotel sleeping room rate, but is not disclosed to the guests or the event organizer. Such commissions may fall within commercial bribery laws and if involve use of interstate commerce may also be federal law violation. See KICKBACK.
Term
Blind Fastening
Definition
Method of using nails or screws to secure tongue and groove flooring into the edge of the board just above the tongue thus concealing the fastener.
Term
Blintze
Definition
Thin pancake rolled around a filling of cream cheese and chopped meat or fruit.
Term
Blister Pack
Definition
Vacuum formed transparent plastic wrap.
Term
Block
Definition
1) Total number of sleeping rooms reserved for an event. 2) A number of rooms, seats, or space reserved in advance for a group. 3) To assign space. See ROOM BLOCK.
Term
Block
Definition
1) Number of rooms reserved for one group. 2) To assign space.
Term
Blocked Space
Definition
Sleeping rooms, exhibit, event, or other function space reserved for future use by an individual or organization.
Term
Blocking
Definition
1) First stand-up rehearsal during which the director sets up all the action for the scene. 2) The act of reserving or assigning sleeping rooms, exhibit, event, or other function space.
Term
Block-Out
Definition
Usually refers to painting out portions of photo or negative on screen.
Term
Blower
Definition
General term for device to circulate or remove warm air from restricted areas (i.e., projector housings).
Term
Blow-Up
Definition
Enlargement of photo, art, or typography.
Term
Blue Laws
Definition
State or local laws that regulate the types of businesses that must be closed, or the types of products that may not be sold on Sundays.
Term
Blue Sky
Definition
Term for extreme design, thinking or abstract value.
Term
Blueline
Definition
Final proof copy for client's approval before printing. Also referred to as a proof.
Term
Blueprint
Definition
A mechanical drawing of booth/stand layout, construction and specifications. See FLOOR PLAN.
Term
Bluetooth
Definition
The process for the wireless convergence of cell phones, computers, personal digital assistants (PDA), etc.
Term
BMI
Definition
Broadcast Music Incorporated. A music licensing organization that represents individuals who hold the copyrights to music written in the United States. It grants licensing agreements for the performance of music.
Term
BO
Definition
1) Bad Order. 2) Buyers Option.
Term
Board
Definition
Body appointed by the governing board or general assembly to manage the affairs of a society, association, etc., on a day-to-day basis.
Term
Board Meeting
Definition
A meeting of the governing body of an organization.
Term
Board of Trustees
Definition
An official body which manages the affairs and administers the funds of an institution or organization.
Term
Boarding Pass
Definition
Permit to board a ship, train, plane, or other form of transportation.
Term
Boardroom
Definition
A room set permanently with a fixed table and suitable seating.
Term
Boardroom Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which rectangle or oval shaped tables are set up with chairs on both sides and ends. Often confused with HOLLOW SQUARE SET-UP.
Term
Body Type
Definition
Type size used for main text.
Term
Boeuf à la Bourguignonne
Definition
(boff a la borg in yone) Traditional beef stew with vegetables in burgundy wine sauce.
Term
Boldface
Definition
Darker type distinguished from lighter type faces.
Term
Bomb Threat
Definition
A claim of knowledge or belief that an explosive or incendiary bomb has been or will be placed.
Term
Bombé
Definition
Molded dessert of ice cream, whipped cream and fruit.
Term
Bonbon
Definition
Any sweet candy.
Term
Bonded Warehouse
Definition
A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.
Term
Bonding
Definition
The purchase, for a premium, of a guarantee of protection for a supplier or a customer. In the hospitality industry, certain bonding programs are mandatory.
Term
Bone Yard
Definition
Storage area where equipment is stored during an exhibition. This area may be located within the exhibition hall in an unused portion of the floor. Alternate spelling is Boneyard. See DUMP.
Term
Boneyard
Definition
Storage area where equipment is stored during an exhibition. This area may be located within the exhibition hall in an unused portion of the floor. Alternate spelling is Bone Yard. See DUMP.
Term
Bonus
Definition
A sum given to an individual in addition to the individuals base compensation, generally as a reward for accomplishing a goal.
Term
Book
Definition
To reserve flights or accommodations for a passenger or guest.
Term
Book of Abstracts
Definition
Collection of abstracts being presented during an event which are made available to event participants for use in selecting which sessions to attend.
Term
Booking
Definition
1) An arrangement with a company for use of facilities, goods or services. 2) For a Hotel Event, a future event contracted in writing by an event organizer with a hotel. According to guidelines from the International Association of Convention & Visitor Bureaus, the local CVB should receive a copy of the contract, or a written communication from an authorized agent of the hotel that a contract has been signed. The communication should detail dates, space requirements and estimated room block. The CVB should track estimated attendance and attendee spending for the event. 3) For a Citywide or Convention Center event, according to guidelines from the International Association of Convention & Visitor Bureaus, given the long-time frame often involved in such an event, the booking process generally takes two steps. The first is a “Confirmed Booking” where a future event is confirmed in writing (letter, booking notice), signed by an authorized agent of the event organizer and the convention center (if applicable). The written communication should detail dates, space requirements and estimated room block. The local CVB should track estimated attendance and attendee spending. The second step is a “Contracted Booking” where a future event is contracted in writing by the event organizer with the event facility (e.g., convention center). The local CVB should receive communication of this stage in writing from an authorized agent of the convention center.
Term
Booking Policy
Definition
Guidelines by which a convention center (or other venue) prioritizes reservations; may correspond to hotel rooms the event will use in the area.
Term
Book-on-Payment
Definition
BOP. Payment guaranteed by travel agency for a package reserved within cancellation period.
Term
Boom
Definition
Adjustable support for positioning microphones or lighting fixtures.
Term
Boom Arm
Definition
Attachment placed on a standard straight microphone stand which extends the reach of the stand to the side. Often used to place a microphone in front of a singer seated at a piano.
Term
Boom Lift
Definition
A motorized platform used to lift people to a given height. See SCISSOR LIFT.
Term
Booth
Definition
One or more standard units of exhibit space. In the US, a standard unit is generally known to be a 10' x 10' space (one standard booth/stand unit, equaling 100 nsf). However, if an exhibitor purchases multiple units side-by-side or back-to-back, the combined space is also still referred to as a BOOTH or a STAND. Specific area assigned by management to exhibitor under contractual agreement. See STAND.
Term
Booth/Stand Area
Definition
Amount of floor space occupied by exhibitor. Also Called EXHIBITION AREA.
Term
Booth/Stand Contractor
Definition
Company which constructs or assembles exhibit booths/stands under contract with the organizing committee. See GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR.
Term
Booth/Stand Number
Definition
Number assigned by the event's management to designate each exhibitor's space.
Term
Booth/Stand Package
Definition
When an exhibitor receives a variety of services for one single price (e.g. each booth/stand receives carpet 1-6’ draped table, a 500-watt outlet and 500 lbs of drayage).
Term
Booth/Stand Personnel
Definition
An individual assigned to represent the exhibitor in an assigned space.
Term
Booth/Stand Sign
Definition
1) Identification sign indicating name, city, state and booth/stand number for each exhibitor. 2) Sign behind desk indicating service provided at that point. See FASCIA.
Term
Booth/Stand Size
Definition
Dimensions of assigned exhibit space.
Term
Boothmanship
Definition
See EXHIBITORSHIP.
Term
Bootleg Wages
Definition
The wages above those at the prevailing rate or the union scale which an employer may pay in a tight labor market to hold or attract employees. May also refer to wages at rate below the prevailing or union rate which an employee may accept in order to obtain employment.
Term
Bordeaux Wines
Definition
Wines from the Bordeaux region in southwest France known for richness and fragrance. Red wines (also known as Clarets) include Médoc, Margaux Saint-Emilion, Pauillac and Pomerol; fine white Bordeaux include Sauternes, Barsac and Graves. A Château is a wine estate in Bordeaux; some of the best are Château Latour, Château Mouton-Rothschild, Château Lafite-Rothschild, and Château Margaux.
Term
Border Chaser
Definition
Border of lights placed around a sign or other object whose lights can be turned on and off in a sequence that make them appear to chase around the border.
Term
Border Light
Definition
Rows of lights mounted above the acting area.
Term
Borscht
Definition
Chilled soup made of chopped beets, onions, lemon juice or vinegar, salt and pepper, water or soup stock, topped with sour cream. Sometimes cabbage is added.
Term
Bouillabaisse
Definition
Wine-flavored mixed seafood stew.
Term
Bouquetière
Definition
Mix of fresh vegetables, in season.
Term
Box Lunch
Definition
Light lunch to go, in a box.
Term
Brad Gun
Definition
A nail gun. A pneumatic device which installs fasteners of various types and sizes.
Term
Brains Trust
Definition
A group of expert advisors assembled especially to answer questions of immediate or current interest.
Term
Brainstorming
Definition
Group sessions in which all participants contribute creative ideas which are not initially judged for merit.
Term
Break
Definition
Short interval between sessions at which time coffee, tea and/or other refreshments are served. See COFFEE BREAK. See Also ENERGY BREAK, REFRESHMENT BREAK.
Term
Break Terminal
Definition
Location at which common carriers separate consolidated freight.
Term
Breakage
Definition
Expenses budgeted for a tour but not used or extended, thus resulting in additional profit to the operator.
Term
Break-Bulk Center
Definition
Regional distribution center that consolidates and distributes multiple less than truckload (LTL) shipments headed in the same direction.
Term
Breakdown
Definition
1) Time required to dismantle a function area. 2) To itemize estimates, invoices, and the like.
Term
Break-Even Point
Definition
The point at which revenues are equal to expenses.
Term
Break-Out Rooms
Definition
Small function rooms set up for a group within an event as opposed to a plenary or general session.
Term
Break-Out Sessions
Definition
Small group sessions, panels, workshops or presentations, offered concurrently within the event, formed to focus on specific subjects. The event is apart from the general session, but within the event format, formed to focus on specific subjects. These sessions can be arranged by basic, intermediate or advanced; or divided by interest areas or industry segment.
Term
Breakpoint
Definition
Level at which quantity discounts are allowed for volumes of freight, number of items printed, etc.
Term
Break-Up
Definition
Image or audio distortion, such as losing signal on cell phone.
Term
Bridge
Definition
Device allowing multiple outputs from the same input. Most often used to allow electronic media to take a feed of the program for use in broadcast programming.
Term
Bridgeway
Definition
1) Area between booths/stands for audience traffic movement. 2) Space between sets of tables, chairs or booths/stands to allow passage of attendees. See GANGWAY.
Term
Brilliance
Definition
Degree of intensity of colors.
Term
Broadband
Definition
Ability to transmit huge volumes of voice and video over a network or the internet, without jumpy images.
Term
Broadcast Fax
Definition
A service that transmits a fax to a large number or people, such as an entire association membership or company.
Term
Broadcast Music, Inc.
Definition
BMI. A music licensing organization that represents individuals who hold the copyrights to music written in the United States. It grants licensing agreements for the performance of music.
Term
Brochure
Definition
Printed marketing folder describing and promoting the advantages of a particular hotel, event, destination, etc.
Term
Broker
Definition
A non-asset based transportation provider that sells transportation services for commercial shippers. Brokers commonly use freight forwarders.
Term
Brokering
Definition
Bureau with customer who wants a speaker goes to an agent representing an exclusive speaker, to buy said speaker. Commission is determined by the exclusive agent.
Term
Brushed Finish
Definition
Finish primarily on aluminum or steel achieved by rubbing with wire brush or steel wool to achieve a matte quality.
Term
Brussels Tariff Nomenclature
Definition
An international system of classification for goods that was once widely used for specifying tariffs. It was changed, in name only, to the Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature (CCCN) in 1976 and was later superceded by the Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature. See HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF TARIFF NOMENCLATURE.
Term
Brut
Definition
Dry, as in wine. Not sweet.
Term
Buck-Boost Transformer
Definition
A transformer used to convert electrical voltage either up or down (such as 208v to 220v, or 240v to 220v).
Term
Budget
Definition
A statement of estimated revenues and expenditures for a specified period of time; divided into subject categories and arranged by principal areas of revenue and expense. See BUDGET CHART. See Also CASH FLOW CHART, PHASED BUDGET.
Term
Budget Chart
Definition
Estimated total of revenue and expenditure; divided into subject categories projecting cash needed to meet expenses over a specific time frame. See BUDGET. See Also CASH FLOW CHART, PHASED BUDGET.
Term
Budget Philosophy
Definition
Financial goal of the event (break even, profit or lose money).
Term
Buffer Zone
Definition
1) Block of seats on plane located between smoking and nonsmoking sections allowing for variance in the smoking and nonsmoking boundary on international flights. 2) Zone in Canada, 225 miles from the U. S. border, dividing the two tax structures applied to Y class fare. (First class, business class excluded.)
Term
Buffet
Definition
Assortment of foods, offered on a table, self-served.
Term
Building Rules
Definition
Regulations set by building management outlining procedures for their property.
Term
Build-Up
Definition
System of programming flasher to light lamps in cumulative sequence with time intervals between.
Term
Bulk Carrier
Definition
A bulk carrier is a vessel engaged in the carriage of such bulk commodities as petroleum, grain, or ores which are not yet packaged, bundled, bottled, or otherwise packed.
Term
Bulk Fare
Definition
Rate/fare available only to tour organizers or operators who purchase a specified block of seats, passes or tickets at a low, non-commissionable price and then have the responsibility of selling the block, including a commission in their marked up price for the block.
Term
Bulkhead
Definition
Seats at the front of an airline cabin facing a wall.
Term
Bullet Catch
Definition
Device for holding hinged door closed.
Term
Bullets
Definition
Large, heavy dots or symbols used in written text for emphasis or to separate points used for emphasis.
Term
Bullnose
Definition
Technique for finishing raw edge with half round molding, or shaping to half round.
Term
Bumping
Definition
1) Removing a confirmed passenger from a full flight to make room for a passenger with higher priority.
Term
Bunching
Definition
Linen gathered together in loose folds on top of a table to provide a decorative ‘bed’.
Term
Bungee Cord
Definition
An elastic type cord used for hanging drape around columns.
Term
Bunting
Definition
Flags used collectively, or swagged strips of cloth hung as festive decorations from walls or tables.
Term
Bureau
Definition
A booking or sales company that sells the services of multiple speakers. See SPEAKERS BUREAU.
Term
Bureau Listing
Definition
A speaker grants the right to a speakers bureau to list the speaker as available. See LISTING.
Term
Burgundy Wine
Definition
Wine from the Burgundy region in eastern France which produces both red and white wines. The white wines, made from Chardonnay grapes, and the red wines, made from Pinot Noir or Gamay grapes, are considered the world’s best examples of these wines. Some of the better known Burgundy wines include those from Beaujolis, Pommard, Beaune, Meursault, Chablis, Pouilly-Fuissé, Chambertin, Corton, Romanée Conti and Echézeaux.
Term
Burned In Copy
Definition
Written copy appearing on photographs.
Term
Bus
Definition
1) Vehicle for transporting people. See SHUTTLE. See Also MOTOR COACH. 2) Connector panel which allows passage of signals. 3) To clear trash from an area where food and beverage are being served.
Term
Bus Duct
Definition
Metal raceway enclosing high-voltage power feeds, suspended from overhead or in the floor, from which high-voltage power over 100 amps must be fed.
Term
Bus Schedule
Definition
Designated time locations where motor coaches will pick up and discharge passengers.
Term
Bus Staff
Definition
Personnel who remove dirty dishes and reset tables in a restaurant or hotel.
Term
Business Agent
Definition
Political, elected position within a union. Salary is not paid by service contractor, but by the union itself. See FOREMAN. See Also SHOP STEWARD, UNION STEWARD.
Term
Business Attire
Definition
Business suits or jackets with shirts and ties for men and day dresses or suits for women; usually taken to mean office and not recreational wear. Can include informal forms of national dress.
Term
Business Casual
Definition
A style of dress that is less formal than the standard office attire of suit and tie or dress.
Term
Business Center
Definition
Area in hotel or event venue offering various office facilities and services.
Term
Business Center Services
Definition
Services that will allow attendees to keep in touch with their office (phone, fax, message, etc.)
Term
Business Class
Definition
Class of airline service between first class and economy class with special amenities for business travelers.
Term
Business Exchange
Definition
A Web site that serves as a year-round online marketplace for buyers and sellers within a given marketplace. Such sites are also referred to as business-to-business (B2B) marketplaces, business-to-consumer (B2C) marketplaces or consumer-to-consumer (C2C), depending upon the target audience.
Term
Business Occurring
Definition
Referring to the number of groups and attendees meeting in a city during a specific time frame.
Term
Buss
Definition
Like a bus that may carry many passengers, an audio buss is a wire or circuit that may carry more than one audio signal at a time.
Term
Busy
Definition
Cluttered image on the screen.
Term
Butler Service
Definition
1) Servers offer a variety of both hot and cold hors d’oeuvres on platters to guests at receptions. 2) A style of table service where guests serve themselves from platters presented by the server. 3) Specialized in-room service offered by a hotel.
Term
Butt Joint
Definition
Joint in carpentry achieved by nailing and gluing square ends of lumber together.
Term
Buyer
Definition
The person or group representative who signs the contract and pays for the speaker.
Term
Buying Agent
Definition
See PURCHASING AGENT.
Term
Buying Team
Definition
Two or more people from the same company who jointly evaluate a product or service and either make, or influence, the buying decision.
Term
Buzz Session
Definition
Method to increase audience participation by dividing all participants in discussion groups each of which reports the group’s findings and opinions during a following plenary session.
Term
Buzz Set-Up
Definition
See CRESCENT-ROUND SET-UP.
Term
BX Cable
Definition
BX is no longer manufactured, but the term is still common in the field. See MC CABLE.
Term
By the Bottle
Definition
Liquor served and charged for by the full bottle.
Term
By the Drink
Definition
Liquor served and charged for by the number of drinks served.
Term
By the Person
Definition
A fixed price per attendee; covers all consumption of food and beverage at a function, within a given time frame; usually includes beverages, snacks or hors d’oeuvres. In some cases, beverages are purchased by the person, while food is ordered by the piece.
Term
By the Piece
Definition
Food purchased by the individual piece, usually for a reception.
Term
By-Laws
Definition
See ARTICLES AND BY-LAWS.
Term
Byte
Definition
The amount of memory needed to store one character such as a letter or a number.
Term
C&F
Definition
Cost and Freight. A pricing term indicating that these costs are included in the quoted price.
Term
C&I
Definition
Cost and Insurance. A pricing term indicating that these costs are included in the quoted price.
Term
Cabana
Definition
Room adjacent to pool area, with or without sleeping facilities.
Term
Cabaret Set-up
Definition
Room arrangement with cocktail tables with chairs and a stage.
Term
Cabaret Table
Definition
Small round table, 15- 30 inches in diameter (38-76 centimeters) used for cocktail type parties. Also Called COCKTAIL TABLE. See Also TUXEDO TABLE.
Term
Cable
Definition
Used for suspending objects and is much stronger than wire. Its thickness ranges from 1/8” to ½”.
Term
Cable Modem
Definition
Allows you to connect your computer to a local cable television line and receive data at high speed. Cable modems attach to a coaxial cable line to communicate with a cable modem termination system at the cable television company.
Term
Cable Pick
Definition
Rigging point or working line used to lift overhead equipment above an exhibit space or exhibit.
Term
CAD/CAM
Definition
Computer Assisted Drawing/Computer Assisted Manufacturing.
Term
CADD
Definition
Computer Aided Design and Drafting.
Term
CAE
Definition
Certified Association Executive.
Term
CAEM
Definition
Canadian Association of Exposition Managers.
Term
Cafeteria Service
Definition
A food service operation in which customers carry their own trays and select food from a display counter or counters. It is similar to a buffet, but food is served by attendants.
Term
Calamari
Definition
Italian fried squid.
Term
Call
Definition
1) Method of securing union employees. 2) Time specified for labor to report (e.g. an 8:00 a.m. call). 3) Minimum amount for which union labor must be paid. See LABOR CALL.
Term
Call Board
Definition
Theater bulletin board with announcements of rehearsals, work calls and other general theater announcements.
Term
Call Brand
Definition
Brand of liquor, distinguished from HOUSE BRAND, selected by a customer according to personal preference. Usually a higher quality than house brands.
Term
Call for Papers
Definition
An invitation to submit topic ideas for the conference program. Document containing detailed instructions for submission of papers for assessment and selection by a review committee; often referred to as “Abstract Forms.” See ABSTRACT. See Also CONFERENCE PAPERS.
Term
Call Pay
Definition
See REPORTING PAY.
Term
Call-Out
Definition
Notations on drawings or exhibits of special significance, i.e. finish, edge, color, detail or features.
Term
Cam
Definition
Metal disc, either eccentric or notched, commonly used to open and close flash switches and other mechanical devices.
Term
Camera Card
Definition
Cue card which displays script to performers on stage in order to prompt lines. See CUE CARD. See Also IDIOT CARD.
Term
Camera Chain
Definition
The combination of television cameras, cables, video controls and power supply.
Term
Camera Left and Right
Definition
Directions from camera’s perspective, as opposed to STAGE LEFT AND RIGHT. See AUDIENCE LEFT AND RIGHT. See Also SCREEN LEFT AND RIGHT.
Term
Camera-Ready Art
Definition
Materials ready for photographic reproduction.
Term
Cam-Lock Connectors
Definition
Means of connecting electrical cabling to electrical equipment.
Term
Campus Housing
Definition
Dormitory or other university/college sleeping accommodations.
Term
Can Service
Definition
Foods are prepared tableside and an assembled plate is served by the attendant.
Term
Canadian Customs Invoice
Definition
Document required by Canadian Customs identifying shipper, seller, consignee, terms, date of shipment, material being sold/shipped, classification code, quantity, unit and total prices. Additional information required on the invoice depends on shipper and consignee arrangements.
Term
Canapé
Definition
(can a pay) Hot or cold appetizer with a bread or cracker base.
Term
Cancellation Clause
Definition
Provision in a contract which outlines damages to be paid to the non-canceling party if cancellation occurs, due the canceling party's breach of the contract.
Term
Cancellation or Interruption Insurance
Definition
Insurance that protects a event organizer against financial loss or expenses incurred when contractually specified perils necessitate canceling or relocating a event, or cause a reduction in attendance.
Term
Cancellation/No-Show Percentage
Definition
A factor included in WASH. The number of rooms that did not materialize (either canceled or no-showed on the planner date of arrival). See also WASH.
Term
Cancelled Business
Definition
A booking that subsequently did not take place, either because the event itself was cancelled or left the destination or facility before taking place. According to the International Association of Convention & Visitor Bureaus, the local CVB should track the estimated number of room nights, attendance and attendee spending and the reason associated with the cancellation.
Term
Candelabra
Definition
Ornamental branched holder for more than one candle.
Term
Canned
Definition
A slang term for a standard ”off the shelf” speech or presentation. Often, the term “ canned” is used in a negative context to refer to material that a speaker uses too often, without changes, in presentations.
Term
Canopy
Definition
1) Drapery, awning or other roof-like covering. 2) An overhead projecting cover.
Term
Cantilever
Definition
A horizontal beam or piece supported on one end and extending beyond its vertical support.
Term
Canvas
Definition
Material used for outdoor banners.
Term
Cap Nut
Definition
A piece of hardware with an internal screw thread that is used on the end of a bolt when a finished appearance is desired.
Term
Cap Strip
Definition
Piece of finished material used to cover end framing.
Term
Capacitor
Definition
Electronic circuit component part designed to store electricity.
Term
Capacity
Definition
Maximum number of people allowed in any given area.
Term
Capacity Control
Definition
Restriction on the number of seats available at a particular fare.
Term
Cappuccino
Definition
A hot beverage of 1/3 espresso, 1/3 steamed milk, 1/3 foamed milk.
Term
Captain
Definition
Person in charge of banquet service at food functions; supervisor of the servers.
Term
Caption
Definition
See CUTLINE.
Term
Carbon Neutral Travel
Definition
Carbon Neutral is the point at which enough trees are planted to offset completely emissions from a manufacturing process, distribution, product usage, building or individual.
Term
Cargo Insurance
Definition
Additional coverage protecting the owner of goods for loss or damage while goods are in a carrier's possession. Recommended for all international shipments.
Term
Carnet
Definition
(carnay) A customs document permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds.
Term
Carnival
Definition
Mobile enterprise principally devoted to offering amusement or entertainment to the public in, upon or by means of portable amusement rides or devices or temporary structures in any number or combination, whether with other structures or forms of public attraction.
Term
Carousel Tray
Definition
Circular holder used for projecting 35mm slides.
Term
Carpaccio
Definition
An appetizer of thin shavings of raw beef fillet, often drizzled with olive oil and lemon juice or served with a mayonnaise or mustard sauce and often topped with capers and/or onions. Sometimes tuna, or other meat, is used in place of the beef.
Term
Carpenter
Definition
Skilled person used for fabrication and installation of displays; labor to perform display uncrating, installation, dismantling, recrating. (Note: this type of labor is performed by individuals with a variety of job titles throughout the world).
Term
Carpet Knife
Definition
Knife used for cutting carpet.
Term
Carpet Tape
Definition
Double-faced tape used to adhere edge of carpet to floor or to repair carpet tears. See DUCT TAPE.
Term
Carriage Bolt
Definition
A bolt with a square shank next to the head to allow tightening in wood without tools.
Term
Carrier
Definition
1) Exclusive use of all or some space on an airplane, bus, ship, or other vehicle for a special period of time and for a specific itinerary. 2) Transportation contractor moving passengers or freight (van line, common carrier, rail car, airplane).
Term
Cartage
Definition
1) Fee charged for transporting freight between destinations. 2) Short distance hauling of exhibit properties.
Term
Cartage Agent
Definition
Ground service operator who provides pickup and delivery in areas not served directly by air carrier.
Term
Cartons
Definition
Small shipping containers made of cardboard.
Term
Case Study
Definition
An intensive analysis of an individual unit or situation.
Term
Cases
Definition
Shipping containers usually made of plastic or fiberglass.
Term
Cash Accounting
Definition
A system in which revenue and expenses are counted as they are actually received.
Term
Cash Against Documents
Definition
CAD. Payment for goods in which a commission house or other intermediary transfers title documents to the buyer upon payment in cash.
Term
Cash Bar
Definition
Private room bar set up where guests pay for drinks individually.
Term
Cash Based Accounting
Definition
An accounting method that enters income and expenses into the books at the time when payment is received or expenses incurred.
Term
Cash Flow
Definition
The transfer of monies into and out of an enterprise.
Term
Cash Flow Chart
Definition
Estimate total of revenue and expenditure; divided into subject categories projecting cash needed to meet expenses over a specific time frame. See BUDGET CHART. See Also PHASED BUDGET.
Term
Cash in Advance
Definition
CIA. Payment for goods in which the price is paid in full before shipment is made. This method is usually used only for small purchases, for poor credit risks or when the goods are built to order.
Term
Cash Registration
Definition
Full payment for anticipated room and tax charges at registration; credit for incidentals not extended.
Term
Cash Reservation
Definition
Payment with reservation for full or part of stay.
Term
Cash with Order
Definition
CWO. Payment for goods in which the buyer pays when ordering and in which the transaction is binding on both parties.
Term
Cassette
Definition
Self-enclosed two-reel tape module — video or audio.
Term
Casual Attire
Definition
Sports shirt (possibly with jacket) for men; resort wear for women.
Term
Casualty
Definition
Rooms that were reserved by attendees but not used; often refers to “no shows” or last minute cancellations.
Term
Casualty Insurance
Definition
A type of insurance that is primarily concerned with the legal liability for losses caused by injury to persons or damage to the property of others.
Term
Category Cable
Definition
(Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable or UTP) Usually referred to as Cat 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 cable. Cat 5 transmits data the fastest. Fast Ethernet requires enhanced Cat 5 cable or Cat 5 to operate at its full potential. See BACKBONE.
Term
Caterer
Definition
1) A food service vendor, often used to describe a vendor who specializes in banquets and theme parties. 2) An exclusive food & beverage contractor within a facility.
Term
Catering
Definition
The provision of food and beverages.
Term
Catering Sales Manager
Definition
Staff person responsible for selling and servicing group and local food and beverage functions.
Term
Catwalk
Definition
Walkway above auditorium used for hanging lights and sound equipment.
Term
Caviar
Definition
Sturgeon roe (eggs); lightly salted. The lighter the color, the better quality and the more expensive.
Term
CBT
Definition
Computer-Based Training.
Term
CC
Definition
Current Cost.
Term
CDME
Definition
Certified Destination Marketing Executive. A certification of the International Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus. www.iacvb.org
Term
CD-ROM
Definition
Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. A disk that can hold many times the data of a traditional floppy disk.
Term
CDX
Definition
Blemish-free wood surface.
Term
CEC
Definition
Continuing Education Credit. Requirement of many professional groups by which members must certify participation in formal educational programs designed to maintain their level of ability beyond their original certification date. See CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIT (CEU).
Term
Ceiling Decor
Definition
Suspended decorations to enhance appearance of hall, or create a more intimate environment by 'lowering' the ceiling.
Term
Ceiling Height
Definition
Maximum height of ceiling of an exhibition hall or event room. Dimensions quoted by halls and hotels often do not take into account any light fixtures hanging from the ceiling.
Term
CEIR
Definition
Center for Exhibition Industry Research. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Celastic
Definition
Material formed to shape by using treated fabrics, resins, and adhesives.
Term
Celebrity Speaker
Definition
A speaker who is booked for his/her name value.
Term
Celotex
Definition
Material composed of compressed paper and adhesives.
Term
Celsius
Definition
A temperature scale (Also Called CENTIGRADE) where 0° is freezing and 100° is the boiling point. To convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit, multiply the Celsius figure by 9, divide by 5, and add 32.
Term
Centerpiece
Definition
Decoration for the center of a banquet table.
Term
Centigrade
Definition
See CELSIUS.
Term
Central Console
Definition
The desk from which technicians operate microphones and audiovisual equipment.
Term
Century Weight
Definition
CWT. A measurement for exhibit freight, usually 100 pounds.
Term
Certificate in Meeting Management
Definition
CMM. Certification program offered by Meeting Professionals International; global certification in meeting management that focuses on strategic thinking and actions for senior level meeting professionals.
Term
Certificate of Inspection
Definition
A document certifying that merchandise (such as perishable goods) was in good condition immediately prior to its shipment.
Term
Certificate of Insurance
Definition
A document provided by an insurance company as proof that a policy has been issued and coverage is in effect.
Term
Certificate of Manufacture
Definition
A statement (often notarized) in which a producer of goods certifies that the manufacturing has been completed and the goods are now at the disposal of the buyer.
Term
Certificate of Origin
Definition
A document, required by certain countries for tariff purposes, certifying as to the country of origin of specified goods.
Term
Certification
Definition
Program and process by which a participant completes proscribed training and passes an assessment.
Term
Certified Association Executive
Definition
CAE. Certification program offered by the American Society of Association Executives. Certification designed to elevate professional standards, enhance individual performance and designate those who demonstrate knowledge essential to the practice of association management.
Term
Certified Destination Marketing Executive
Definition
CDME. A certification of the International Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus. www.iacvb.org
Term
Certified Exhibition Manager
Definition
CEM. An exhibition management professional, as officially designated by the International Association of Exhibition Management.
Term
Certified Hospitality Marketing Executive
Definition
CHME. A certification program offered by the Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International. www.hsmai.org
Term
Certified Hospitality Sales Professional
Definition
CHSP. A certification program offered by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute.
Term
Certified Hotel Administrator
Definition
CHA. A certification program offered by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute.
Term
Certified Incentive Travel Executive
Definition
CITE. A designation offered by the Society of Incentive & Travel Executives (SITE).
Term
Certified Manager of Exhibits
Definition
CME. An exhibit industry professional, as officially designated by the Trade Show Exhibitors Association.
Term
Certified Meeting Professional
Definition
CMP. Certification program offered by the Convention Industry Council. This designation certifies competency in 27 areas of meeting management through application and examination.
Term
Certified Speaking Professional
Definition
CSP. Accredited designation offered by the National Speakers Association. This designation is earned for extensive, documented speaking experience and client satisfaction.
Term
Certified Special Events Professional
Definition
CSEP. Accredited designation offered by the International Special Event Society. This designation is earned for professional achievement in event management.
Term
Certified Weight
Definition
An official weight issued from a Certified Weight Master. This individual certifies a shipment's weight as the only acceptable weight for transportation and drayage at a tradeshow. Weights can be determined by weighing the vehicle heavy (full) and light (empty), or by weighing each piece.
Term
CESSE
Definition
Council of Engineering and Scientific Society Executives. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
CEU
Definition
See CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIT.
Term
CHA
Definition
Certified Hotel Administrator. A certification program offered by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute.
Term
Chafing Dish
Definition
Used to warm or cook food, it consists of a container (usually metal) with a heat source directly beneath it, which can come from a candle, electricity or solid fuel (e.g. Sterno). There's often a larger dish that is used as a water basin (like the bottom of a double boiler) into which the dish containing the food is placed to prevent food from burning.
Term
Chai
Definition
Spiced tea with cream and sweetener.
Term
Chain Drive
Definition
Power transmission via chain for the movement of an object.
Term
Chain Hoist Motor
Definition
Motor that pulls a chain through itself in order to lift a load.
Term
Chain Lock
Definition
Protective or security device which connects by a chain a closed and ajar door to doorjamb. Also Called SECURITY LOCK.
Term
Chair
Definition
A person selected to preside over a committee, a conference session or entire an conference.
Term
Chalkboard
Definition
See BLACKBOARD. See Also MARKER BOARD.
Term
Chamfer
Definition
Technique of reducing sharp corner of lumber by sanding or machining edge.
Term
Change Order
Definition
Facility form to advise departments of changes in reservations or functions.
Term
Channel
Definition
1) Individual signal path through a system which has more than one such path. A special line reserved to a specific usage (e.g. speech on walkie talkies, etc.). 2) Generally, any material milled or extruded in a continuous U-shape.
Term
Character Generator
Definition
Electronic device that allows words or characters to be displayed on a television image.
Term
Charger
Definition
Another name for a larger plate, used as a base plate or platter.
Term
Charrette
Definition
The binding together of designers, planners, and business professionals to discuss development concepts and plans. Freely sharing ideas in a relaxed, yet intense atmosphere — a brainstorming session is at the heart of a successful Charrette. It is a planning process, ideal for entertainment and recreational projects.
Term
Chart of Accounts
Definition
A detailed list of the individual line items that make up the revenue and expense categories in a budget. A numbering system used to identify every line item in a budget, so income and expenses are posted to the correct accounts.
Term
Charter
Definition
1) Exclusive use of all or some space on an airplane, bus, ship, or other vehicle for a special period of time and for a specific itinerary. 2) To create a new association, organization or chapter of an association or organization.
Term
Charter Operations
Definition
1) In terms of motor carrier certificates, the transportation of groups organized by someone other than the carrier, and which are sold the exclusive use of the vehicle. 2) An operator authorized to arrange transportation in charter operations.
Term
Charter Party
Definition
A written contract, usually on a special form, between the owner of a vessel and a charterer who rents use of the vessel or a part of its freight space. The contract generally includes the freight rates and the ports involved in the transportation.
Term
Charts
Definition
Diagrams, music books, sheets, or scores.
Term
Chaser
Definition
Mild drink taken after hard liquor.
Term
Chaser Flasher/Lights
Definition
Electronic device to accomplish rapid sequential lighting.
Term
Chat
Definition
A real time synchronous electronic discussion forum where participants can communicate with instructors, mentors and peers to simulate the classroom environment.
Term
Chateaubriand
Definition
Thick tenderloin steak, cut from the center or 'barrel' of the loin.
Term
Chaud
Definition
(show) Hot.
Term
Chaud Froid
Definition
(show fwah) Hot/cold jellied sauce used to decorate buffet show pieces, such as hams or turkeys.
Term
Cheat
Definition
Varying the positions of actors to achieve a better TV picture.
Term
Check-In
Definition
Procedure for hotel guest arrival and registration.
Term
Check-In Time
Definition
Time at which hotel guests may check in and occupy sleeping rooms.
Term
Check-Out
Definition
Procedure for hotel guest departure of their sleeping room including account settlement.
Term
Check-Out Time
Definition
Time set by facility when hotel guests are required to vacate sleeping rooms.
Term
Chef’s Choice
Definition
Selection of food items to best complement the entrée. The selection is being left up to the chef.
Term
Chef’s Table
Definition
The opportunity to sample a menu in advance of the event, usually in the company of the chef. Also refers to a food event held in the kitchen where the attendees interact with the chef and kitchen staff.
Term
Chemise
Definition
With skins, as in boiled potatoes in their skins.
Term
Cherries Jubilee
Definition
Flaming dessert served over vanilla ice cream.
Term
Cherry Picker
Definition
Equipment capable of lifting a person or persons to a given height. See HIGH JACKER. See Also MAN LIFT, JLG, SCISSOR LIFT, GENIE LIFT, HI LOW, FORKLIFT.
Term
Chevron
Definition
Type of cloth used for backdrops.
Term
Chevron Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which chairs are arranged in rows slanted in a V shape and separated by a center aisle. They face the head table or speaker. See HERRINGBONE SET-UP. See Also V-SHAPE SET-UP.
Term
Chief Executive Officer
Definition
CEO. The principal officer responsible for overall administration of an organization.
Term
Chief Financial Officer
Definition
CFO. Executive responsible for financial affairs of an organization.
Term
Chief Operating Officer
Definition
COO. Executive responsible for day-to-day operations of an organization.
Term
Chiffonade
Definition
Foods served with shredded vegetables, such as lettuce salads with shredded carrots and/or red cabbage.
Term
Chinoise
Definition
French word for Chinese.
Term
Chipping
Definition
Distortion of audio signals caused by input signal peaks or voltage amplitudes which cause a circuit to attempt to exceed its own maximum voltage capabilities.
Term
CHME
Definition
Certified Hospitality Marketing Executive. A certification program offered by the Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International. www.hsmai.org
Term
Chop Suey
Definition
Chinese stew, with meat or fish, plus bamboo sprouts, onions, rice and water chestnuts.
Term
Chow Mein
Definition
Chinese dish of bean sprouts, celery, mushrooms, and a meat or fish served over crispy or pan-fried soft noodles.
Term
CIC
Definition
Convention Industry Council (formerly the Convention Liaison Council). A federation of national and international organizations representing individuals, firms or properties involved in the meetings, conventions, exhibitions and travel and tourism industries.
Term
CIF
Definition
Cost, Insurance, Freight. A pricing term indicating that these costs are included in the quoted price.
Term
CIF&C
Definition
Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission. A pricing term indicating that these costs are included in the quoted price.
Term
CIF&E
Definition
Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Exchange. A pricing term indicating that these costs are included in the quoted price.
Term
Cioppino
Definition
An Italian fish stew made from tomatoes, white wine, and clams, shrimp, crab, calamari, swordfish, fresh basil and garnished with a garlic crouton.
Term
Circle Trip
Definition
A journey with stopovers that returns to the point of departure without retracting its route.
Term
Circline
Definition
Circular fluorescent fixture.
Term
CITE
Definition
Certified Incentive Travel Executive. A designation offered by the Society of Incentive & Travel Executives (SITE).
Term
City Central
Definition
Association of American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) local unions in a city or metropolitan area.
Term
City Guide
Definition
A freelance guide who comes aboard a motorcoach to give an informed overview of the city or attraction to be toured.
Term
City Tour
Definition
A sightseeing trip through a city, usually lasting a half-day or full day, during which a guide points out that city’s highlights. See TOUR.
Term
Citywide Event
Definition
An event that requires the use of a convention center or event complex, as well as multiple hotels in the host city.
Term
Clamp-On Fixture
Definition
Electrical fixture with C-clamp device for attaching to display.
Term
Clamp-On Lights
Definition
A light fixture that has a clamping device that allows it to attach to a wall or pole. They are 150 watts to 250 watts.
Term
Classification
Definition
Commodity tariff used to classify shipments. Shipments are evaluated by their density, sensitivity, packaging and other criteria. Rates are assessed on a shipment after a commodity classification is established.
Term
Classroom Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which rows of tables with chairs face the front of a room and each person has a space for writing. Also Called SCHOOLROOM SET-UP.
Term
Classroom Table
Definition
Rectangular table, often narrower than regular tables and 30-inches high. Can be 6' or 8' long and 18- or 24-inches wide.
Term
Clause
Definition
A detailed section of a contract pertaining to a specific issue.
Term
Clean Bill of Lading
Definition
A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were received in apparent good order and condition, without damages or other irregularities. See FOUL BILL OF LADING.
Term
Clean Draft
Definition
A draft to which no documents have been attached.
Term
Clear Date/Time
Definition
Generally the last point in time at which an exhibitor-appointed carrier must be in line or at the dock in order to be loaded after the close of the show.
Term
Clearance
Definition
Clear space between the passing object and sides or roof of a passageway.
Term
Cleats
Definition
Wood strips on sides of shipping container for sliding and handling purposes. Also wood strips on a structure for attaching another fixture or structure.
Term
Climate Neutral
Definition
Climate Neutral products or services reduce and offset the greenhouse gases generated at each stage of their life-cycle on a cradle-to-cradle basis: the sourcing of their materials, their manufacturing or production, their distribution, use, and ultimate end-of-life disposition.
Term
Clinic
Definition
Workshop-type educational experience where participants learn by doing.
Term
Clogged Head
Definition
Buildup of oxide on the video recorder head causing noise, breakup, or loss of picture.
Term
Closed
Definition
See FULL HOUSE.
Term
Closed Circuit Video
Definition
A video distribution system which limits reception of an image to those receivers which are directly connected to the origination point by coaxial cable or microwave link.
Term
Closed-End
Definition
(Incentive travel) Number of winners are limited by a predetermined amount.
Term
Closing Ceremony
Definition
Final activities at an event which occur during the closing/last session.
Term
Closing Session
Definition
The final session of an event in which the subjects which have been discussed are summarized and possible conclusions reached and announced.
Term
Cluster
Definition
1) Enclosed lights used to illuminate the top of film and stage sets. 2) Group of speakers mounted in auditoriums, arenas, and theaters.
Term
CMAA
Definition
Club Managers Association of America.
Term
CMP
Definition
1) Certified Meeting Professional. 2) Complete Meeting Package at conference centers; includes lodging, all food and beverage, support services, including audio visual equipment, room rental, etc.
Term
Coach
Definition
1) Individual who helps develop presentation skills. 2) Class of airline service.
Term
Coach Fare
Definition
Economy airline fare.
Term
Coat Rack
Definition
Frame to hold wearing apparel, usually on hangers. See GARMENT RACK. See Also Costumer.
Term
Coated Stock
Definition
Paper manufactured with coatings of clay or other materials to give the base paper a smooth, often glossy, surface.
Term
Coaxial Cable
Definition
Cable used to transmit audio and television signals.
Term
Cobra Head Extension Cord
Definition
A two-wire extension cord that has the capability of having two of more items plugged into the end. These cords are not allowed in some convention facilities (e.g. Las Vegas) due to the possible overload and tripping of breakers. They are also considered a fire hazard.
Term
Cocktail Attire
Definition
Men should wear nothing less formal than a blazer and slacks; for women, dressy pantsuits or short, dressier dresses.
Term
Cocktail Table
Definition
Small round table, 15- 30 inches in diameter (38-76 centimeters) used for cocktail type parties. Also Called CABARET TABLE. See Also TUXEDO TABLE.
Term
COD
Definition
Cash on Delivery, Collection on Delivery.
Term
CODEC
Definition
Compression/Decompression or Coder/Decoder. Videoconferencing standard, included in hardware and/or software, used to compress or code video, audio, and data signals for transmission and decompress or decode the signal at the other end of the transmission.
Term
Coeur
Definition
(coor) Heart (e.g. 'hearts of lettuce' ).
Term
Coffee Break
Definition
See BREAK. See Also ENERGY BREAK, REFRESHMENT BREAK.
Term
Cold Call
Definition
Sales call made without an appointment.
Term
Collaborative Tools
Definition
Email, bulletin boards, live chat, instant messaging and other technologies that allow participants to communicate electronically with other participants.
Term
Collateral
Definition
Assets that can be pledged to guarantee a loan. The promotional material used by the salespeople to support or corroborate the features and benefits of the item being sold.
Term
Collection and Consolidation Service
Definition
Service performed for a shipper in which a number of LTL shipments are picked up or received and forwarded as one truckload shipment.
Term
Collective Agreement
Definition
Written agreement between an employer and a union specifying the terms and conditions of employment for workers, the status of the union, and the procedure for settling disputes arising during the contract term. See UNION CONTRACT.
Term
Collective Bargaining
Definition
The process of negotiation between an employer or employers and an employee organization, union or unions to reach agreement on the terms and conditions of employment for a specified period.
Term
Colloquium
Definition
An informal meeting for the purpose of discussion; usually of an academic or research nature and in order to ascertain areas of mutual interest through exchange of ideas. Conducted as and when convenient, but with little regularity.
Term
Co-Location
Definition
To hold two related events at the same time and in the same place.
Term
Color Key Proof
Definition
Proof copy for approval of color positioning.
Term
Color Separation
Definition
See FOUR-COLOR SEPARATION.
Term
Column
Definition
A pillar in a facility which supports the roof or other structures. Usually refers to pillars in function space and exhibition halls and is typically denoted on floor plan as a solid square.
Term
Combo
Definition
Small group of musicians such as a small jazz or dance band.
Term
Commando Cloth
Definition
A woven fabric with a nap, similar to Duvetyne, but heavier, completely light blocking and with a coarser nap. A substitute for velour, most often used for masking drapes. See DUVETYNE.
Term
Commercial Invoice
Definition
An itemized statement furnished to a purchaser by a seller and usually specifying the price of goods or services and the terms of sale.
Term
Commission
Definition
A payment to a sales representative for meeting or exceeding a sales revenue goal. Or a payment made to an individual or organization for bringing business to another individual or organization.
Term
Commissionable Rate Commitment
Definition
A contract in which the room rate to be charged to attendees includes a commission to be paid to either the sponsoring group or a third party such as a travel agent or independent event planning or site selection organization.
Term
Commitment
Definition
Agreement between buyer and seller to purchase/sell the particular product. See CONTRACT. See Also LETTER OF AGREEMENT.
Term
Committee
Definition
A group of people appointed for a specific purpose.
Term
Committee of Honor
Definition
Committee of individuals eminent in the related field whose names are lent to an event by way of endorsement.
Term
Common Carrier
Definition
Transportation company which handles crated materials; an agency or business that is available to the public for transportation of persons, goods, or messages; usually referring to freight transportation on regularly scheduled trucks or airplanes.
Term
Communication Center
Definition
Area in a venue for telephone, fax, Internet, telex or teleconferencing facilities.
Term
Commuter Airline
Definition
Airline connecting small communities with large airports.
Term
Compensation
Definition
1) Payment for a thing of value tendered or a service rendered, usually refers to base salary plus benefits, bonus and/or commission. 2) Something, usually in the form of a monetary payment, that makes up for a loss.
Term
Complete Meeting Package
Definition
An all-inclusive plan offered by conference centers; includes lodging, all meals and support services.
Term
Complimentary
Definition
Comp. Service, space or item provided at no charge.
Term
Complimentary Ratio
Definition
The number of rooms provided at no cost based on the number of occupied rooms.
Term
Complimentary Registration
Definition
Waiver of registration fees.
Term
Complimentary Room
Definition
A sleeping room or function room provided to an individual or organization at no cost. See COMPLIMENTARY RATIO.
Term
Comprehensive Layout
Definition
Artist’s precise rendering of proposed piece showing paper and color selection, size and placement of type, illustrations and photographs.
Term
Computer Card
Definition
See REGISTRATION CARD KEY.
Term
Computer Data Projection
Definition
The projection of a computer signal from a personal computer, laptop or other computer device onto a screen from a LCD or equivalent projector for viewing by audience.
Term
Computer-Based Training
Definition
CBT. Any instructional event that can be accessed by a stand alone computer - usually CD-ROM based.
Term
Computerized Registration
Definition
Automated registration records.
Term
Con Carne
Definition
With meat, (e.g. 'chili con carne').
Term
Concert Rider
Definition
See RIDER.
Term
Concessions
Definition
1) Merchandise or refreshments sold on site, to individuals, in conjunction with an event. 2) Contractual agreement where one party provides something of value to the other party in exchange for something else, pending certain conditions.
Term
Concierge
Definition
1) Facility staff which provides special services such as tickets to local events, transportation, and tour arrangements. 2) Designated area in facility providing special amenities and services to guests.
Term
Conclave
Definition
Gathering of a group with shared or special interests.
Term
Concurrent Sessions
Definition
Multiple sessions scheduled at the same time. Programs on different themes or subjects offered simultaneously.
Term
Condensed Type
Definition
Narrow or slender type permitting greater number of characters per line.
Term
Conference
Definition
1) Participatory meeting designed for discussion, fact-finding, problem solving and consultation. 2) An event used by any organization to meet and exchange views, convey a message, open a debate or give publicity to some area of opinion on a specific issue. No tradition, continuity or periodicity is required to convene a conference. Although not generally limited in time, conferences are usually of short duration with specific objectives. Conferences are generally on a smaller scale than congresses. See CONGRESS. See Also CONVENTION.
Term
Conference Call
Definition
Telephone or video connection between three or more persons.
Term
Conference Center
Definition
A facility that provides a dedicated environment for events, especially small events. May be certified by the International Association of Conference Centers.
Term
Conference Handbook
Definition
A manual which provides information about a conference. Contents would include descriptions of programs, information on participants, agendas, schedules of events, speaker notes, and logistical information.
Term
Conference Officer/Organizer
Definition
Title generally conferred upon the chief administrator of the entire event.
Term
Conference Pack/Kit
Definition
Generally a comprehensive collection of conference documentation and/or event materials within a bag, binder, envelope or folder. Also called information kit. See REGISTRATION KIT. Also CALLED REGISTRATION PACKET.
Term
Conference Papers
Definition
Abstracts of lectures to be presented during a conference compiled in the book of abstracts. See ABSTRACT. See Also CALL FOR PAPERS.
Term
Conference Reminder
Definition
An email, bulk fax, or bulk mail broadcast that provides attendees and prospects with the latest news and information about an upcoming event. Such reminders are usually distributed on an opt-in basis. See EMAIL ALERT.
Term
Conference Report
Definition
An official summary of conference events.
Term
Conference Service Coordinator
Definition
Primary contact person assigned to an event in a convention center.
Term
Conference Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which rectangular or oval tables are set up with chairs placed around all sides. It is often confused with Hollow Square Set-up. The preferred industry term is BOARDROOM SET-UP.
Term
Configuration
Definition
1) Arrangement of seats within an aircraft. See PITCH. 2) The layout of tables, chairs and other equipment in a function room. See FLOOR PLAN. 3) Sleeping berth in a day/night compartment on a European train.
Term
Confirmation
Definition
Oral or written agreement by a facility to accept a request for accommodation; to be binding the agreement must state the intent of the parties, the particular date, the rate, type of accommodations, and the number to be accommodated; oral agreement may require a credit card number. See CONFIRMED RESERVATION.
Term
Confirmation Letter
Definition
Letter to speakers, acknowledging that a commitment has been made between the speaker and the organization, outlining information about the event.
Term
Confirmation Number
Definition
Proof of Registration, i.e., a reservation number that will be accepted by the hotel holding the room.
Term
Confirmed Letter of Credit
Definition
A letter of credit, issued by a foreign bank, whose validity has been confirmed by an American bank. An exporter whose payment terms are a confirmed letter of credit is assured of payment even if the foreign buyer or the foreign bank defaults. See LETTER OF CREDIT.
Term
Confirmed Reservation
Definition
Oral or written agreement by a facility to accept a request for an accommodation; to be binding the agreement must state the intent of the parties, the particular date, the rate, type of accommodations, and the number to be accommodated; oral agreement may require guest credit card number. See CONFIRMATION.
Term
Conflict of Interest Statement
Definition
Written document requiring individuals to disclose any conflicts of interest that may be created by their involvement with an organization.
Term
Confrontation
Definition
Efforts of a dissident group to obstruct the conduct of an event.
Term
Congress
Definition
1) The regular coming together of large groups of individuals, generally to discuss a particular subject. A congress will often last several days and have several simultaneous sessions. The length of time between congresses is usually established in advance of the implementation stage, and can be either pluri-annual or annual. Most international or world congresses are of the former type while national congresses are more frequently held annually. 2) Meeting of an association of delegates or representatives from constituent organizations. 3) European term for convention. See CONFERENCE. See Also CONVENTION.
Term
Congress Auxiliaries
Definition
Those persons who work in the congress’ auxiliary services and have been identified by the organizer and the contracted firm (if any) whose names are clearly stated in a previously prepared register.
Term
Congress Card
Definition
Admission card confirming a booking and registration to an event. See ADMISSION CARD.
Term
Congress Travel Agent
Definition
Travel agent specializing in handling incoming or outgoing event participants and additional travel arrangements including pre- and post-tours.
Term
Connecting Rooms
Definition
Two or more guestrooms with private connecting doors permitting access between rooms without having to go into the corridor.
Term
Consecutive Interpretation
Definition
Oral translation of several phrases or entire speeches from one language to another. Speaker pauses between phrases to allow for interpretation. See INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION IN RELAY, SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, TRANSLATION, WHISPERED INTERPRETATION, WIRELESS INFRARED INTERPRETING SYSTEM.
Term
Consideration
Definition
The inducement to a contract. The cause, motive, price, or impelling influence which induces a contracting party to enter a contract.
Term
Consignee
Definition
Recipient. The person, people, or organization to whom something is delivered or addressed. Compare with CONSIGNOR.
Term
Consignment
Definition
Delivery of merchandise from a seller (the consignor) to an agent (the consignee) under agreement that the agent sell the merchandise for the account of the seller. The consignor retains title to the goods until the consignee has sold them. The consignee sells the goods for commission and remits the net proceeds to the consignor.
Term
Consignor
Definition
A person who sends freight. Compare with CONSIGNEE.
Term
Consolidate
Definition
1) Shipping freight to a central depot where several loads bound for the same destination are put together before being shipped to that destination. 2) Merging events, jobs, tasks, etc.
Term
Consortium
Definition
A loosely knit group of independently owned and managed companies, e.g. destination management companies (DMCs), tour operators, hotels, etc., with a joint marketing and distribution process.
Term
Construction Drawing
Definition
A drawing that gives detailed diagrams and instructions for building an exhibit.
Term
Consular Declaration
Definition
A formal statement, made to the consul of a country, describing goods to be shipped.
Term
Consular Invoice
Definition
A document, required by some countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment. Certified by a consular official of the foreign country, it is used by that country’s customs officials to verify the value, quantity, and nature of the shipment.
Term
Consultant
Definition
Individual who provides counsel and assistance to a client on specific assignments. For very large projects, a consulting firm may be retained rather than a individual.
Term
Consumer Show
Definition
Exhibition that is open to the public, usually requiring an entrance fee. See EXHIBITION. See Also GATE SHOW, PUBLIC SHOW. Compare With TRADE SHOW.
Term
Consummé
Definition
(con sue may) Clear soup, served hot or chilled.
Term
Contact Cement
Definition
Bonding agent usually used for cementing plastic laminates to wood.
Term
Contact Management System
Definition
A software program that matches contacts with prospects.
Term
Container Detention
Definition
A charge that is assessed when the container is removed from the carrier’s control but is not returned within the allowable free time. See PIER DEMURRAGE.
Term
Content
Definition
The educational component of an event. See CONFERENCE.
Term
Continental Breakfast
Definition
Light morning meal consisting of pastries, juices, and hot beverages. Usually served buffet style.
Term
Continental Buffet
Definition
Buffet consisting of pastries, juices, and hot beverages.
Term
Continental Plan
Definition
A room rate that includes a continental breakfast. See Also AMERICAN PLAN, BERMUDA PLAN, DEMI-PENSION, EUROPEAN PLAN, MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN.
Term
Continental U.S.
Definition
The contiguous 48 states, not including Alaska, Hawaii or any US Territories.
Term
Contingency Plan
Definition
An alternative plan that may replace the original plan when circumstances change.
Term
Continuing Education
Definition
Structured educational and training experiences for personal or professional development.
Term
Continuing Education Unit
Definition
CEU. Requirement of many professional groups by which members must certify participation in formal educational programs designed to maintain their level of ability beyond their original certification date. CEUs are non-academic credit. One CEU is awarded for each 10 contact hours in an accredited program.
Term
Continuity
Definition
Smooth flow of action and narration from scene to scene.
Term
Contract
Definition
An agreement between two or more parties that creates in each party a duty to do or not do something and a right to performance of the other's duty or a remedy for the breach of the other's duty. See COMMITMENT. See Also LETTER OF AGREEMENT.
Term
Contract Carrier
Definition
Trucking company that enters into a specific contract with a shipper to transport goods for an agreed-upon price. Contained within the contract are all the terms and conditions, liability, transit times, etc. The contract carrier is required to secure authorization from the DOT for such operations.
Term
Contracting
Definition
A system in which all or part of the product or the work to be done is sublet to contractors.
Term
Contractor
Definition
An individual or organization providing services to a trade show and/or its exhibitors. May be Official (appointed by show management) or Independent (appointed by exhibitor). Typically refers to either a general service contractor or specialty contractor. See DECORATOR. See Also A/V CONTRACTOR, DRAYAGE CONTRACTOR, EXCLUSIVE CONTRACTOR, EXHIBITION SERVICE CONTRACTOR, GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR (GSC), IN-HOUSE CONTRACTOR.
Term
Contractor Logistics Services
Definition
This is the transportation service division of the general show contractor. They handle/arrange for all modes of transportation (air, motor and van line), but the services are still executed by the traditional motor, van line and air carriers.
Term
Contrast
Definition
Difference of intensity of color between light and dark areas of a picture, fabric, etc.
Term
Contributed Paper
Definition
Written transcript provided after acceptance of the submitted abstract and usually the basis for a speech or demonstration.
Term
Contributor
Definition
One who presents a paper, either verbally or in a visual form (e.g. a poster).
Term
Control Track
Definition
Section of video tape which controls the speed of the tape.
Term
Controlled Economy Countries
Definition
Countries whose governments strictly regulate the national economy.
Term
Controversy Panel
Definition
To stimulate interest and debate, arrange for two or three views of a controversial issue to be presented.
Term
Convener
Definition
Member of committee in charge of convening participants.
Term
Convention
Definition
An event where the primary activity of the attendees is to attend educational sessions, participate in meetings/discussions, socialize, or attend other organized events. There is a secondary exhibit component. Compare With MEETING, EXHIBITION, TRADE SHOW, CONSUMER SHOW.
Term
Convention and Visitors Bureau
Definition
CVB. Convention and visitor bureaus are not-for-profit organizations charged with representing a specific destination and helping the long-term development of communities through a travel and tourism strategy. Convention and visitor bureaus are usually membership organizations bringing together businesses that rely on tourism and events for revenue. For visitors, CVBs are like a key to the city. As an unbiased resource, CVBs can serve as a broker or an official point of contact for convention and event planners, tour operators and visitors. They assist planners with event preparation and encourage business travelers and visitors alike to visit local historic, cultural and recreational sites.
Term
Convention Center
Definition
Facility that combines an exhibition space with a substantial number of smaller event spaces. The purpose of these buildings is to host trade shows, public shows, conventions, large food functions and other functions related to the convention industry. They may be purpose built or converted and municipally or privately owned. See EXHIBITION CENTER. See Also FACILITY, HALL.
Term
Convention Rate
Definition
Rates assigned for a particular group. This is usually a discounted rate.
Term
Convention Services Manager
Definition
CSM. Professional at a hotel, convention center or convention bureau who is responsible for event operations management on all levels.
Term
Convertibility
Definition
A currency is usually described as convertible if the holder can exchange it freely for another currency.
Term
Cookie
Definition
A file sent to a Web browser by a Web server that is used to record one's activities.
Term
Coordinating Committee
Definition
Committee in charge of coordinating the organization of the event.
Term
Coordination Fee
Definition
A charge for professional services.
Term
Co-President
Definition
One of two or more persons appointed as president on an equal footing with the official president.
Term
Co-Promotion
Definition
Joint participation in the costs and profits from an event.
Term
Copy
Definition
1) All original material being prepared for reproduction. 2) Reproduction of original material.
Term
Copyfitting
Definition
Determining space required and type size for copy to fit allotted space.
Term
Copyright
Definition
Federal laws that allow for the ownership of intellectual property (writings, art, music). Copy-written material cannot be used without the owner’s permission or the payment of royalty fees.
Term
Coquilles St. Jacques
Definition
(co keel san jock) Scallops prepared in butter; served in a scalloped, shell-shaped ramekin.
Term
Cordial
Definition
A liqueur usually served after dinner, e.g. Amaretto, Chambourd, Frangelica, etc., or a shell-shaped ramekin. See LIQUEUR.
Term
Corkage
Definition
The charge placed on beer, liquor, and wine brought into the facility but purchased elsewhere. The charge sometimes includes glassware, ice, and mixers.
Term
Corner Booth/Stand
Definition
An exhibit space with exposure on at least two aisles. Some organizations charge premiums for corner booths/stands.
Term
Cornucopia
Definition
1) Pastry roll shaped like a horn, filled with whipped cream and nuts. 2) A large paper or plastic horn filled with fresh fruits spilling over onto the table. Also called a horn of plenty.
Term
Corporate Exhibit
Definition
An institutional exhibit telling the story of the company without intentionally marketing the product or service.
Term
Corporate Meeting
Definition
Gathering of employees or representatives of a commercial organization. Usually, attendance is required and travel, room and most meal expenses are paid for by the organization.
Term
Corporate Planner
Definition
Meeting planner who works for a corporation.
Term
Corporate Rate
Definition
Special rate for sleeping rooms or other goods and services that is made available to business travelers. These rates may vary by corporation, depending on the negotiated agreement.
Term
Corporate Show
Definition
An exhibition produced by a corporation where exhibits are limited to products and services of that corporation or its marketing partners; no competitors participate. See EXHIBITION. Compare With TRADE SHOW.
Term
Corporate Travel
Definition
The market segment comprised of groups or individuals that work for a given company and are traveling for business reasons at the company’s expense.
Term
COS
Definition
Cash on Shipment.
Term
Cost Center
Definition
An account (usually a number) to which expenses for a function or activity are charged.
Term
Cost Charge per Square Meter/Foot
Definition
Basic charge for a particular unit of measurement.
Term
Cost Control
Definition
Process of maintaining levels of expenditure within the budget.
Term
Cost of Goods
Definition
The direct costs involved in producing a product or service which usually includes labor and materials.
Term
Cost of Sales
Definition
The cost of goods plus the expenses involved in selling and delivering the product or service.
Term
Cost Plus
Definition
Basic charges for a service plus the markup or margin to ensure margin and profit for service provider.
Term
Costing
Definition
Process of itemizing and calculating all costs the tour operator will pay on a given tour. Usually the function of the operations manager.
Term
Costumer
Definition
1) Hat and coat rack. 2) A person or organization that makes, sells, or rents costumes.
Term
Couchette
Definition
Sleeping berth in a day/night compartment on a European train.
Term
Council
Definition
Group of members responsible for establishing and enforcing the rules and regulations.
Term
Count
Definition
1) Total number of individuals in attendance at a function or event for a given period. 2) Total number of exhibitors for a given period.
Term
Counter
Definition
A working cabinet for display, demonstration, or registration.
Term
Countermount
Definition
Technique for mounting material to rear of panel equal to weight and consistency to face mounted material. This prevents warping.
Term
Countersink
Definition
Technique of recessing heads of screws and nails below the surface.
Term
Countervailing Duty
Definition
An extra duty imposed by the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury to offset export grants, bounties, or subsidies paid to foreign suppliers in certain countries by the governments of those countries as an incentive to exports.
Term
Country of Origin
Definition
Denotes country of parental nationality.
Term
Coupon
Definition
Ticket which travelers exchange for prepaid services such as accommodations, meals and tours. SEE VOUCHER.
Term
Courier
Definition
European term for a travel professional who supervises arrival details and escorts tours.
Term
Cover
Definition
1) Table setting for one person. 2) Actual number of meals, or servings, served at a food function. 3) Dome placed over a plate, used to keep food warm/cold and measure the number of meals served at a food function.
Term
Cover Charge
Definition
A fee, usually a flat amount per person, charged to patrons to cover the cost of music and entertainment.
Term
Cover Plate
Definition
A protective, removable panel used with self-contained exhibits in transit.
Term
Cover Stock
Definition
Heavy-weight paper used for covers of brochures.
Term
Covered Area
Definition
Any area that covers an exhibit space and prevents the building fire sprinkler from discharging water unobstructed to the floor. This includes single story exhibits with ceilings, upper deck exhibits, roofs, overhead lighting installations and any material hanging or installed overhead that is not recognized as acceptable under fire sprinkler systems fire codes.
Term
Covers
Definition
Actual number of meals served at a catered meal function or in a restaurant. See AUDIENCE COUNT. See Also HEAD COUNT.
Term
CPAE
Definition
Council of Peers Award for Excellence; inductee into the CPAE Speaker Hall of Fame.
Term
CPCE
Definition
Certified Professional Catering Executive. A certification program offered by the National Association of Catering Executives (NACE).
Term
CR
Definition
Carrier's Risk.
Term
Craft Union
Definition
A labor organization, the membership in which is restricted to individuals possessing or working at a specific skill or trade (e.g. diemaking, carpentry, or plumbing).
Term
Crafting List
Definition
Names the content of what is enclosed inside a crate (e.g. exhibit pieces, carpet, etc.).
Term
Craftsperson
Definition
A skilled individual who provides actual services on the show floor. Usually a unionized worker.
Term
Crate
Definition
Wooden box for packing and shipping exhibits.
Term
Crated Exhibit
Definition
An exhibit that is transported from event to event in crates (small to huge wooden boxes). Crates make handling the exhibit easier, and minimize damage during material handling. In most cases, individual pieces are jigged in place within the crates.
Term
Crating List
Definition
Names the contents of what is enclosed inside a crate (e.g. exhibit pieces, carpet, etc.).
Term
Crawl
Definition
Text moving horizontally across the bottom of a video screen.
Term
Credentials Committee
Definition
Committee formed to verify that individuals have the necessary qualifications to attend a meeting or become a member of an association.
Term
Credit
Definition
1) An item entered on creditor side of an account (opposite of “debit”). 2) To add one sum to another.
Term
Credit Card Badge
Definition
A lead retrieval method using embossed plastic cards similar to credit cards.
Term
Credit Risk Insurance
Definition
Insurance designed to cover risks of nonpayment for delivered goods.
Term
Credits
Definition
Names of persons who either created or performed in a program.
Term
Crème Brûlée
Definition
Pudding of cornstarch, eggs, milk, sugar and whipped cream served in a ramekin.
Term
Crêpe
Definition
(crayp) Very thin pancake, used to roll up anything from meat to dessert.
Term
Crescent-Round Set-Up
Definition
Uses 60-, 66- or 72-inch (152-, 168- and 183-centimeter) diameter rounds with seating on two thirds to three quarters of the table and no seating with its back to the speaker. Used for banquet-to-meeting or meeting-to-banquet quick set. See BUZZ SET-UP. See Also HALF SET-UP.
Term
Crew
Definition
Stagehands, technicians, truck loaders, etc.; responsible for the technical set-up of an event.
Term
Croissant
Definition
(kwa sant) Crescent shaped French bread that is very tender, due to a lot of butter.
Term
Crop
Definition
To use less than the full frame area of a photograph or less than the full area of art work.
Term
Crop Mark
Definition
Indication on original art or photo defining area that is to be reproduced.
Term
Crosby
Definition
A clamp connector used with cables.
Term
Cross Aisle
Definition
An aisle at a right angle, or perpendicular, to a main aisle.
Term
Cross Bar
Definition
Rod used in draping or as a support brace.
Term
Cross Dissolve
Definition
Gradual changing of one picture or sound or color to another.
Term
Cross Face
Definition
Smooth change from one color or image to another.
Term
Cross Fade
Definition
Change from one scene to another in which visual images are blended together and one image fades out as another fades in. See DISSOLVE.
Term
Crosstalk
Definition
Undesired sound from radio devices infringing upon the sound system, typically heard as bleed-over between left and right stereo speakers, or as leakage of high-frequency sound between busses or circuits in audio mixers, microphone cable snakes and multiple circuit audio signal wiring.
Term
Cru
Definition
Raw, uncooked.
Term
Crudités
Definition
1) Pieces of raw vegetables served as hor d’oeuvres, often with dip. 2) Raw vegetable salad, usually julienne cut.
Term
Crumber
Definition
An implement used to clean the crumbs from in front of the guest between dinner and dessert.
Term
CSEP
Definition
Certified Special Event Professional; an earned designation from the International Special Events Society (ISES).
Term
CSM
Definition
Convention Services Manager. Professional at a hotel, convention center or convention bureau who is responsible for event operations management on all levels.
Term
CSP
Definition
Certified Speaking Professional; an earned designation from the National Speakers Association (NSA).
Term
CTC
Definition
Certified Travel Counselor.
Term
CTLO
Definition
Constructive Total Loss Only.
Term
CTP
Definition
Certified Travel Professional.
Term
CTSM
Definition
Certified Trade Show Marketer.
Term
Cube
Definition
Area occupied by an exhibit within a trailer, determined by multiplying the exhibit’s length, times width, times height.
Term
Cube Taps
Definition
Three way plugs for combining electrical cords. (Note: cube taps are illegal by fire code in some facilities.)
Term
Cubic Content
Definition
The use of exhibit properties in the airspace over the entire leased area above a height of eight feet or more.
Term
Cue
Definition
Visual or aural signal to elicit response or action.
Term
Cue Card
Definition
Off-stage card that displays script to performers on stage in order to prompt lines. See CAMERA CARD. See Also IDIOT CARD.
Term
Cue Channel
Definition
Portion of the audio signal-carrying channels in a system that is used to allow musicians to hear other performers or portion of the ensemble sound in order to match pitch or tempo.
Term
Cueing
Definition
1) Assigning cue numbers to various elements of a production. 2) Setting audio tape or video film at a specific point.
Term
Cultural Services
Definition
A service concerned with organizing activities which are mainly related to the artistic and intellectual side of civilization.
Term
Currant
Definition
Small piquant berry used for jellies, or dried and used like raisins.
Term
Current Assets
Definition
Assets that can be converted quickly to cash. e.g. marketable securities, notes, inventories, account receivables.
Term
Current Liabilities
Definition
All debts incurred in the normal day-to-day business and due within one calendar year.
Term
Curriculum Vita
Definition
A document similar to a resume and is often referred to as a “vita.” It highlights a speaker’s education and key jobs held. A speaker in the academic community usually uses a curriculum vita.
Term
Custom Exhibit
Definition
An exhibit which is unique to the specific requirements of the user.
Term
Custom Fabricated Exhibit
Definition
An exhibit that is individually designed and built with a wide range of materials.
Term
Custom House
Definition
An individual or firm licensed to enter and clear goods through customs.
Term
Custom Menu
Definition
Menu specifically created for a client.
Term
Customized Tour
Definition
A TOUR designed to fit the specific needs of a particular target audience.
Term
Customs
Definition
1) The governmental authorities designated to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collection. 2) Practices common to many of a particular group.
Term
Customs Broker
Definition
An individual or company which provides customs clearing services to shippers of goods to and from another country. Licensing and requirements vary from country to country. In the United States, a customs broker must be licensed by the Treasury Department and pass a government examination covering a broad range of knowledge, including all phases of import regulations, rates of duties, and customs law.
Term
Customs Cooperation Council, Nomenclature of
Definition
See BRUSSELS TARIFF NOMENCLATURE.
Term
Cut
Definition
1) Instantaneous change from one scene to another without a fade-in or fade-out. 2) Signal to interrupt or cancel.
Term
Cut & Lay
Definition
Installation of carpet other than normal booth/stand or aisle size.
Term
Cut Out
Definition
Profile cut display item (e.g. letters, photos, etc.).
Term
Cut Rate
Definition
Cost per hundred weight.
Term
Cutline
Definition
Text identifying a photograph; caption.
Term
Cut-Off Date
Definition
Designated date when the facility will release a block of sleeping rooms to the general public. The date is typically three to four weeks before the event. See RESERVATION REVIEW DATE.
Term
Cut-Off Time
Definition
Hour when a non-guaranteed reservation must be filled or it may be cancelled.
Term
Cut-Off Time
Definition
A specific point in time at which the exhibition contractor will cease (for the day) all unloading or loading activities. In transportation environment this refers to the specific time a shipment must be tendered to a carrier in order to receive service that day. For example, a flight that departs at 10:00 p.m. may have a cargo cut-off time of 7:00 p.m.
Term
Cutting Sheet
Definition
Drawings made by carpentry shops, detailing size and shape of raw material to be cut. See TEMPLATE.
Term
CVA
Definition
Convention & Visitors Authority. See also CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU.
Term
CVB
Definition
Convention and Visitors Bureau. Convention and visitor bureaus are not-for-profit organizations charged with representing a specific destination and helping the long-term development of communities through a travel and tourism strategy. Convention and visitor bureaus are usually membership organizations bringing together businesses that rely on tourism and events for revenue. For visitors, CVBs are like a key to the city. As an unbiased resource, CVBs can serve as a broker or an official point of contact for convention and event planners, tour operators and visitors. They assist planners with event preparation and encourage business travelers and visitors alike to visit local historic, cultural and recreational sites.
Term
CWT
Definition
Abbreviation for "hundred weight." This is the unit of measure used in drayage and freight shipments.
Term
CYC
Definition
See CYCLORAMA.
Term
Cycles
Definition
The amount of "movement" in electrical current. International standard is 50 cycles; in U.S., 60 cycles.
Term
Cyclorama
Definition
1) Platforms of varying heights used together to create a stage, such as the rows of steps a choral group would use during a performance. See DAIS. See Also RISER, PODIUM. 2) Stage background scene giving illusion or depth. Also called CYC.
Term
D/B/A
Definition
Doing Business As
Term
DA
Definition
Distribution Amplifier. Amplifier which increases the amplitude of a signal in a line in order to distribute it to multiple points of use.
Term
Daily Newsletter
Definition
Daily information sheet for participants during event. See SHOW DAILY.
Term
Dais
Definition
Raised platform usually above the floor of a hall or large room. See PODIUM. See Also RISER.
Term
Damage Clause
Definition
Part of a contract dealing with procedures, penalties, and rights of the party causing damages.
Term
Damask
Definition
Woven silk or linen fabric used for napery (napkins and tablecloths).
Term
Dance Floor
Definition
Area for dancing, can be carpeted when not used for dancing. Portable dance floors come in 3 foot x 3 foot sections.
Term
Dark
Definition
A day on which a facility or hall has no events or performances booked. Monday is the traditional dark day for theaters.
Term
DAT
Definition
Digital Audio Tape
Term
Data Projection
Definition
See COMPUTER DATA PROJECTION.
Term
Data Projector
Definition
A self-contained unit with a LCD panel, light source and lens that works with both PC and Mac computers and duplicates the image being shown on the monitor without any need for special software or complex setting up. See LCD PROJECTOR.
Term
Database
Definition
A collection of all information on all prospects (attendees and exhibitors).
Term
Date Draft
Definition
A draft document, such as a contract, which matures a specified number of days after the date it is issued, without regard to the date of acceptance.
Term
Date Protection
Definition
A guarantee that the dates an event organizer has selected for an event in a specific facility are reserved for that organizer.
Term
Day Glo
Definition
Trademarked name for iridescent paints or inks that glow.
Term
Dead Areas
Definition
Areas where sound is muted or absent.
Term
Dead End Flight
Definition
Last leg of a flight.
Term
Dead Time
Definition
Time during which an employee is unable to work due to factors beyond his or her control and for which he is paid.
Term
Debate
Definition
A discussion which takes place within a meeting, a public or private sitting or in one of the various types of assembly or meeting.
Term
Debt Service
Definition
Regular payments required to keep a loan current.
Term
Declared Value
Definition
Shipper's stated value of entire shipment in terms of dollars.
Term
Décor
Definition
Props, lighting, and other elements used to create a theme or ambiance. Décor is used to enhance an event with elements including but not limited to carpet, pipe and drape, stage props, customized lighting, linens, tablescapes, skirting, ceiling treatments, stage sets, projection images, special effects or sound effects.
Term
Decorating
Definition
Dressing up an area with carpet, draping, plants, etc.
Term
Decorator
Definition
An individual or company providing installation & dismantle and booth/stand and hall dressing services for a trade show and/or its exhibitors. Decorator services may be provided by carpenters, sign painters or others depending upon union jurisdiction. Term applies to both contractor and skilled craftsperson.
Term
Deferred Air Freight
Definition
Long haul air freight that waits for available cargo space (usually 1 to 2 days) at a reduced rate.
Term
Deferred Airfreight/Deferred Service
Definition
Airfreight that can wait for available cargo space because of low delivery priority. Usually a three- to five-day service that moves at a reduced cost.
Term
Deferred Rebate
Definition
A deferred rebate is the return of a portion of the freight charges by a carrier to a shipper, in exchange for the shipper giving all or most of his shipments to the carrier over a specified period of time (usually 6 months). Payment of the rebate is deferred for a further similar period during which the shipper must continue to give all or most of his shipments to the rebating carrier. The shipper thus earns a further rebate which will not, however, be paid without an additional period of exclusive or almost exclusive patronage with the carrier. In this way, the shipper becomes tied to the rebating carrier.
Term
Definite Booking
Definition
Space reservations confirmed in writing.
Term
Delegate
Definition
1) Person who attends an event primarily to visit exhibits or attend meetings and/or conference sessions. This excludes exhibitors, media, speakers, and companions. 2) Registered meeting participant. 3) Voting representative at a meeting.
Term
Delegate Card
Definition
Admission card confirming a booking and registration.
Term
Demi
Definition
Half.
Term
Demi Tasse
Definition
Small cup of coffee, used for espresso.
Term
Demi-Pension
Definition
A rate inclusive of breakfast and dinner, in addition to the room. In the U.S. and Canada it is called MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN (MAP), which means breakfast and one other meal (usually dinner). See Also AMERICAN PLAN, BERMUDA PLAN, CONTINENTAL PLAN, EUROPEAN PLAN.
Term
Demographics
Definition
Characteristics that help create a profile of exhibitors and attendees. May include company location, job function, purchase budget, purchase intentions.
Term
Demonstration
Definition
1) The act of showing how to do something. 2) A group of individuals organized to picket or protest against a group using placards, literature, songs, shouts and, sometimes, marches or sit-ins.
Term
Demonstrator
Definition
Person hired to work in a booth/stand demonstrating or explaining products.
Term
Denied Boarding Compensation
Definition
Refund of airfare or payment to passenger when airline fails to honor a confirmed reservation within two hours of scheduled departure.
Term
Density
Definition
Pounds per cubic foot, determined by mathematical formula where the weight of an article or shipment is divided by the cubic feet it occupies.
Term
Departure Date
Definition
Date when majority of event participants check out of a facility.
Term
Departure Tax
Definition
Fee collected from traveler by host country at time of departure.
Term
Deposit
Definition
An advanced partial payment to secure product or service.
Term
Depreciation
Definition
The gradual erosion of the usability and value (possibly due to obsolescence) of an organization's fixed assets. In some cases depreciation can be declared as a tax deduction.
Term
Design
Definition
Artist’s concept or visualization of how a printed piece should look.
Term
Desktop Publishing
Definition
Using a personal computer to prepare materials for printing.
Term
Desktop Videoconferencing
Definition
DVD. Videoconferencing on a personal computer.
Term
Destination
Definition
A city, area or country which can be marketed to groups or individuals as a place to visit or hold an event.
Term
Destination City
Definition
A city which in and of itself is an attraction, e.g. Orlando or San Francisco.
Term
Destination Control Statement
Definition
Any of various statements which the U.S. Government requires to be displayed on export shipments and which specify the destinations for which the shipment has been authorized. Also Called ANTIDIVERSION CLAUSE.
Term
Destination Management Company
Definition
DMC. A professional services company possessing extensive local knowledge, expertise and resources, specializing in the design and implementation of events, activities, tours, transportation and program logistics. Depending on the company and the staff specialists in the company, they offer, but are not limited to, the following: creative proposals for special events within the meeting; guest tours; VIP amenities and transportation; shuttle services; staffing within convention centers and hotels; teambuilding, golf outings and other activities; entertainment, including sound and lighting; décor and theme development; ancillary meetings and management professionals; and, advance meetings and onsite registration services and housing.
Term
Destination Manager
Definition
Local on-site coordinator.
Term
Detail Drawing
Definition
Drawing showing method of construction, plan views, elevations, floor ports, drains, etc.
Term
Dialogue
Definition
Discussion of ideas and opinions.
Term
Die Cut
Definition
Method of producing repetitive cutout shapes in quantity.
Term
Diffuser
Definition
An open grid or a solid translucent plastic to soften or conceal light sources.
Term
Digital Subscriber Line
Definition
DSL. Provides high-speed access to the Internet via telephone lines. DSL service requires a DSL modem.
Term
Digital Video
Definition
Capture, manipulation and storage of video in digital format on a computer. Can be displayed on a computer as part of a graphic presentation.
Term
Dimensional Weight
Definition
Generally refers to air-freight and van line shipments. Invoices are calculated with two weights, actual and dimensional. The dimensional weight is based upon the volume of the shipment. The billing weight is the larger of the two.
Term
Dimmer
Definition
A device to control light intensity. See RHEOSTAT.
Term
Dimmer Board
Definition
A combination of switches, dimmer plates and fuses for controlling light. See SWITCHBOARD.
Term
Dine Around
Definition
Use of a number of restaurants in a destination with reservations and billing arrangements to one particular client.
Term
Dinner
Definition
Evening meal for a group; not usually ceremonial.
Term
Direct Billing
Definition
Accounts receivable made available to individuals or firms with established credit.
Term
Direct Flight
Definition
Flight between two points on the same aircraft. There may be stops, but no plane changes.
Term
Direct Lighting
Definition
The aiming of a fixture directly at the object/area to be illuminated.
Term
Direct Mail
Definition
A marketing technique in which material is mailed directly to individuals in a target audience.
Term
Direct Sales Method
Definition
Selling direct to the end user with promotional efforts using advertising, direct mail or telephone sales.
Term
Direct Spending
Definition
All expenditures associated with an event that flow into the host destination’s local economy. Direct spending includes attendee spending, exhibitor spending and event organizer spending. See Also ECONOMIC IMPACT, INDIRECT SPENDING, & INDUCED SPENDING.
Term
Directional Signs
Definition
Signs directing attendees to an exhibit, event or special area.
Term
Directory
Definition
1) The printed document passed out to event attendees that includes a list of conference sessions, exhibitor descriptions, a floor plan and other information. 2) An alphabetized list of members with contact information.
Term
Disability
Definition
A physical or mental impairment that limits normal life functions.
Term
Discussion Form
Definition
Paper containing an application to put a question during a conference session to a particular speaker on a specific subject; usually submitted in advance of the session.
Term
Discussion Group
Definition
1) A group of participants in a separate debate within some types of meetings. Similar to a working group but with no expectation of reports or papers. 2) A threaded bulletin board where participants can post messages under the heading of a particular topic and responses are grouped by topic or thread. Groups are asynchronous, not occurring in real-time.
Term
Discussion Leader
Definition
Person who introduces topic of discussion and controls the discussion in the group. Moderator.
Term
Dishonored Reservation
Definition
If a hotel accepts a reservation but can't provide a room, the hotel has breached the contract and the injured guest is owed damages. The usual term is for the guest to be compensated for the first night to stay at the second hotel and usually reimbursement for transportation between the hotel and the second hotel. See HOTEL RESERVATION.
Term
Dismantle
Definition
1) Take-down and removal of exhibits. 2) To take apart.
Term
Dismantling Deadline
Definition
The time and day by which booths/stands have to be dismantled and removed from an exhibition area.
Term
Dispatcher
Definition
Person responsible for scheduling and routing freight, labor, shuttle busses, etc.
Term
Display
Definition
An arrangement of products or informational material.
Term
Display Builder
Definition
Company or person that fabricates displays.
Term
Display Case
Definition
See SHOWCASE.
Term
Display Material
Definition
The material exhibited by the various exhibitors. Such material is usually insured or has its value stated in writing for insurance purposes.
Term
Display Place
Definition
Exhibit booth/stand.
Term
Display Rules & Regulations
Definition
A set of specifications for exhibit construction endorsed by all major exhibit industry associations. Also refers to the individual additional rules which may be adopted by event management.
Term
Dispute
Definition
A conflict or difference of opinion between an employer and a union or between an employer and employees over some phase of their relationship. Usually refers to a serious controversy that threatens or causes a work stoppage or that is submitted to an arbitrator or government agency for settlement.
Term
Dissolve
Definition
See CROSS FADE.
Term
Dissolve Unit
Definition
Device that activates fade-out and fade-in of slides from one projector to another.
Term
Distance Learning
Definition
A type of education where students work on their own at home or from an office, and communicate with faculty and other students via email, electronic forums, chat, webconferencing and other forms of online communication. Includes correspondence courses, audio, video and internet delivery. Meeting and event Web sites can facilitate distance learning by offering online educational programs.
Term
Distribution Channel
Definition
The path a product follows to be delivered to the end user. This may be through distributors, retail outlets, self service outlets, vending machines, telephone sales, direct mail sales, etc.
Term
Distributor
Definition
An enterprise that purchases products for resale to their customers who are usually retail outlets. The distributor expects to receive a significant price discount for providing the distribution service.
Term
Distributor Show
Definition
An exhibition produced by a distributor at which exhibitors are the manufacturers of products sold by the distributor and attendees are the distributor's customers. See EXHIBITION. See Also TRADE SHOW.
Term
Divider
Definition
Movable barrier that partitions a large area into smaller areas. May be sound resistant, but not necessarily sound proof. See AIR WALL. See Also MOVABLE WALL, PARTITION.
Term
DMC
Definition
Destination Management Company. See Also DESTINATION MANAGEMENT COMPANY.
Term
DMC Consortium
Definition
National and/or international alliances of destination management companies who form select communities for the purpose of sharing collective efforts for business sharing, education, ethics and destination management industry monitoring.
Term
DMCP
Definition
Destination Management Certified Professional. An accreditation offered by the Association of Destination Management Executives (ADME).
Term
Docent
Definition
Tour guide in a museum, educational facility or art gallery.
Term
Dock
Definition
A place where freight is loaded onto, and taken from, vessels or vehicles.
Term
Dock Receipt
Definition
A receipt issued by an ocean carrier to acknowledge receipt of a shipment at the carrier's dock or warehouse facilities. When delivery of a foreign shipment is completed, the dock receipt is surrendered to the vessel operator or his agent and serves as the basis for the preparation of the OCEAN BILL OF LADING. See WAREHOUSE RECEIPT.
Term
Dock Usage
Definition
Instructions on the allotment of a loading dock’s space and time required for loading and unloading of trucks for an event. This information should be included in the specifications guide for an event.
Term
Document Sharing
Definition
A feature of many videoconference systems that allows participants at each conference site to view and edit the same document.
Term
Dog Bone
Definition
A 1’ five wire cord that is used to help transfer high voltage power to 120 volt power on the BCP.
Term
Dog House
Definition
An electrical outlet that will accommodate 6 plugs. See SEX (SIX) BOX.
Term
Dolly
Definition
Any of several kinds of low, flat, wheeled frames for transporting heavy objects.
Term
Dolma
Definition
Stuffed grape leaves.
Term
Domestic Beer/Wine
Definition
Beer or wine produced in the country where it is served.
Term
Donation
Definition
Sum of money or item of value received as a gift or contribution.
Term
Donkey Dick
Definition
A metal pole placed on the front of a forklift for carrying rolls of carpet.
Term
DOS
Definition
Director of Sales.
Term
DOT
Definition
Department of Transportation. In the United States, on the national level, the Federal Department of Transportation is a government agency responsible for safety, interstate highways and interstate commerce matters.
Term
DOT
Definition
Department of Transportation.
Term
Double
Definition
A guestroom assigned to two people.
Term
Double Bed
Definition
Bed measuring 53-by-75 inches (135-by-191 centimeters).
Term
Double Booking
Definition
1) Reserving space for two groups to use the same space at the same time and neither can be fully accommodated as contracted. 2) An organization reserving space in more than one venue for the same event. 3) Two or more reservations made for the same traveler for the same dates. Can be canceled by the airlines if discovered as they consider this a violation of their ticketing rules.
Term
Double Cloth
Definition
Use of two tablecloths on a banquet table for decorative purposes, to muffle sound, or to attach skirting to. Usually two different colors are used. See OVERLAY.
Term
Double Decker
Definition
Two-storied exhibit. See MULTI-STORY EXHIBIT.
Term
Double Lock
Definition
Two locks, one a dead bolt, on a door for extra security.
Term
Double Room
Definition
A sleeping room occupied by two persons. The room may have one or more beds of any type in it. The symbol used by APEX to denote it is:
Term
Double Room Rate
Definition
The price per person for a sleeping room to be shared with another person.
Term
Double Width
Definition
Two tables placed together, allowing extra room in a BOARDROOM SET-UP.
Term
Double-Double Room
Definition
A sleeping room with two beds that is occupied by two persons. The symbol used by APEX to denote it is:
Term
Double-Faced Panel
Definition
A panel of wood or other material that is finished, or not rough, on both sides.
Term
Double-Faced Tape
Definition
Tape used to adhere carpet to floor, signs, or panels.
Term
Doubletime
Definition
Premium pay, which is double the base rate of hourly wage.
Term
Doubling
Definition
Playing, by musicians, of more than one instrument during an engagement.
Term
Downgrade
Definition
To move to a lesser accommodation or class of service.
Term
Downlighting
Definition
The use of lighting instruments to light down onto objects below.
Term
Downline Space
Definition
On a multi-leg itinerary, the flights following first flight.
Term
Downlink
Definition
The station which receives data transmissions from a communications satellite.
Term
Download
Definition
Transfer a file from a host computer to your computer.
Term
Downstage
Definition
Front of the stage, closest to the audience.
Term
Draft
Definition
Bill of Exchange. An unconditional order in writing from one person (the drawer) to another (the drawee), directing the drawee to pay a specified amount to a named payee at a fixed or determinable future date.
Term
Drain Line
Definition
Pipe that drains water. Usually used on the exhibit floor for displays that require water.
Term
Dram Shop Laws
Definition
In the United States, a legal term for laws covering the liability of people serving alcoholic beverages. Under dram shop laws, a party injured by an intoxicated person can sue establishments contributing to that person’s intoxication. Many dram shop laws also cover serving alcohol to a minor.
Term
Draped Booth/Stand
Definition
A booth/stand made up of back wall and sidewall of pipe and drape (typically provided by management).
Term
Draper
Definition
Person who installs drapes, pleats, and special decor.
Term
Drapery
Definition
Decoratively arranged tablecloths or skirting on the front of head tables and around reception and buffet tables.
Term
Drapes
Definition
Decorative material, usually hung on pipe frames to partition an area, adorn a room, or provide privacy.
Term
Draping
Definition
Decorating with drapes.
Term
Drawback
Definition
A refund of duties paid on imported goods that is provided at the time of their re-exportation.
Term
Drayage
Definition
Delivery of exhibit materials from the dock to an assigned exhibit space, removing empty crates, returning crates at the end of the event for recrating, and delivering materials back to dock for carrier loading.
Term
Drayage Charge
Definition
The cost of moving exhibit materials within the confines of the exhibit hall, based on weight. This charge is calculated in 100-pound units, or hundredweight, abbreviated cwt. (There is usually a minimum charge for all drayage.)
Term
Drayage Contractor
Definition
Company responsible for handling exhibit materials.
Term
Drayage Form
Definition
Form for exhibitor requesting handling of materials.
Term
Drayer
Definition
Official event handler designated to move exhibits from truck to dock to booth space. Usually handled by general service contractor.
Term
Dress
Definition
1) Clothing worn by talent. 2) Dress rehearsal; final camera rehearsal. 3) Set dressing; necessary set properties. 4) To neatly arrange cables lying on the floor.
Term
Dress Casual
Definition
Collared shirts, sweaters, turtlenecks, blazers and slacks, such as khakis or corduroys for men; casual dresses or slacks, sweaters and blouses for women. No shorts, jeans, t-shirts, flip flops, etc. See FRIDAY CASUAL.
Term
Dress Code
Definition
Required or suggested acceptable manner or style of dress for an occasion or event.
Term
Dressed Lumber
Definition
Term referring to lumber that has been sanded or smoothed down to less than its rough dimensions.
Term
Dressing
Definition
1) Sauce for salads; stuffing in poultry. 2) Decor, costumes.
Term
Dressing the Exhibit
Definition
Placing graphics, plants, literature and applying any finishing touches to the display.
Term
Drive-In Instructions
Definition
Directions informing a venue or facility of the number of event participants expected to travel by automobile an event, in order to ensure adequate parking and bell staffing. This information should be included in the specifications guide for an event.
Term
Driver
Definition
Another name for loudspeaker; the word “driver” is used by non-engineers to designate a compression driver like those used to drive horns for acoustic amplification and directional control of sound.
Term
Drop
Definition
Large, painted piece of material used for stage background.
Term
Drop Slot
Definition
Opening in countertop to receive cards.
Term
Drop Time
Definition
The time at which passengers have been dropped off and vehicle service ends.
Term
Drop-Off Food
Definition
Self-service hot and/or cold foods are prepared at one location and then delivered to the event site at a different location.
Term
Dropout
Definition
Momentary loss of recorded audio or video signal during playback, due to imperfections in the tape.
Term
Dry
Definition
Audio signal or sound without reverberation. An audio signal or sound with reverb is called “wet.”
Term
Dry Lease
Definition
Rental of a plane without crew, supplies, fuel, and maintenance service.
Term
Dry Run
Definition
Rehearsal or trial run-through of program.
Term
Dry Snacks
Definition
Finger foods, such as peanuts, pretzels, potato chips, and corn chips, usually served at receptions.
Term
DSL
Definition
Digital subscriber line. Brings high bandwidth via copper phone lines.
Term
DSM
Definition
District Sales Manager.
Term
DT Labor
Definition
Work performed on overtime and charged at twice the published rate.
Term
du Jour
Definition
Of the day, e.g. soup du jour or vegetable du jour.
Term
Dual Podiums
Definition
Placing two identical podiums at stage right and stage left, so that they can be used with multiple speakers or presenters. See PODIUM. See Also LECTERN.
Term
Dual Projection
Definition
The projection of two images at a time using two separate projectors and two screens.
Term
Dual Set-Up
Definition
Arrangement of duplicate set-ups in two or more different locations.
Term
Dualing Menus
Definition
Split (dual) entrées, e.g. Surf & Turf.
Term
Dub
Definition
1) To transfer recorded sound from one unit to another. 2) Copy of a recording or Tape.
Term
Duchess Potatoes
Definition
Potatoes mashed with eggs and squeezed through a pastry tube. Can be served as a side dish, or used to pipe decoration around a serving platter.
Term
Duct Tape
Definition
Tape used to adhere carpet edges to floor or to cover wires and cables on a carpet. See CARPET TAPE. See Also GAFFER'S TAPE.
Term
Dummy
Definition
Mock-up of printed pieces as they should appear in the final form, made up of the correct size and number of pages, showing the position of the various text elements and illustrations.
Term
Dump
Definition
See BONEYARD.
Term
Duo
Definition
Two performers or musicians.
Term
Duoserve Property
Definition
A hotel property in which logistics are handled by the convention services manager (CSM), with catering handled by a separate manager.
Term
Duotone
Definition
Photograph prepared for two-color reproduction.
Term
Dupe
Definition
Duplicate. Copy of film or tape which has been printed from the original copy.
Term
Duplex Outlet
Definition
Double electrical outlet.
Term
Duty
Definition
1) Fee levied on imported and exported goods. Duties are generally based on the value of the goods (ad valorem duties), some other factors such as weight or quantity (specific duties), or a combination of value and other factors (compound duties). 2) Actions required by one's occupation. See AD VALOREM TAX.
Term
Duty Roster
Definition
List outlining hourly schedules and responsibilities of all event staff members.
Term
Duty-Free Imports
Definition
Item amounts and categories specified by a government that are free of tax or duty charges when brought into the country.
Term
Duvetyne
Definition
A woven fabric with a nap, similar to Commando Cloth, but lighter and with a finer nap. A substitute for velour, most often used for masking drapes. Often misspelled as duvatyne, duventyne, and duvetine.
Term
DVC
Definition
Desktop videoconferencing.
Term
DVD
Definition
Digital Video Disk - holds more data than a CD Disk.
Term
Dye Transfer
Definition
Technique of producing full color, accurate color prints.
Term
Dynamic Range
Definition
Difference, in decibels, between the loudest and the quietest passages in a musical or audio program. Also, the difference between the maximum signal level that can be produced under nominal operating distortion levels by an electronic circuit, and that circuit’s obnoxious noise level (called the “noise floor”).
Term
E&O Insurance
Definition
Errors and Omissions Insurance. See ERRORS AND OMISSIONS INSURANCE.
Term
E&OK
Definition
Errors and Omissions Excepted.
Term
EAC
Definition
Exhibitor-Appointed Carrier. See EXHIBITOR-APPOINTED CARRIER.
Term
EAC
Definition
Exhibitor Appointed Contractor. Any company other than the designated "official" contractor providing a service to an exhibitor.
Term
EAON
Definition
Except As Otherwise Noted.
Term
Early Arrival
Definition
1) To reach your destination before the appointed date or time. 2) When a hotel guest with a confirmed reservation requests to check in to his/her room prior to the scheduled date and/or check-in time. 3) Arrival prior to arrival of the majority of the group.
Term
Early Registration
Definition
Registration received before a pre-definite date, usually offering a lower fee.
Term
Early-Out
Definition
A guest who checks out of a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days earlier than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called UNDER-STAY, UNEXPECTED DEPARTURE. Compare With OVERSTAY.
Term
Easel
Definition
Three-or four-legged stand with a rack used to display cork board, magnetic board, posters, signs, charts, or other objects.
Term
EBITDA
Definition
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization. A measure of an enterprise’s net income.
Term
EC
Definition
European Community.
Term
ECB
Definition
Event-Contracted Block. See also EVENT-CONTRACTED BLOCK.
Term
Echo
Definition
Any or all audibly discrete delayed sound images. In contrast, reverberation produces a wash of sound, with no discrete echoes.
Term
Echo Buss
Definition
Typically, a dedicated audio channel within an audio mixing console, through which a signal intended to be sent or received to or from an echo or reverberation device (e.g. an echo chamber) is routed.
Term
Éclair
Definition
(ee clare) Oblong puff pastry filled with custard or whipped cream and topped with chocolate.
Term
e-Commerce
Definition
1) Electronic commerce. 2) Buying and selling products and services while online over the internet.
Term
Economic Impact (Total)
Definition
The total value of an event. Events generate secondary spending (indirect and induced) on the host destination’s local economy over and above the original direct spending. These secondary impacts, when combined with the original direct spending, result in the total economic impact of an event. See Also DIRECT SPENDING, INDIRECT SPENDING, & INDUCED SPENDING.
Term
Economic Multiplier
Definition
Total economic impact divided by direct spending. See Also ECONOMIC IMPACT, DIRECT SPENDING.
Term
ECU
Definition
European Currency Unit. Currency unit of the European Community.
Term
EDAC
Definition
Exhibit Display Association of Canada.
Term
EDC
Definition
Exhibitor Designated Contractor. See EAC.
Term
Edge Light
Definition
Technique of illuminating engraved lines in glass or plastic by transmitting light through edge of material.
Term
Editing
Definition
Correcting and/or improving final copy before typesetting.
Term
EDPA
Definition
Exhibit Designers and Producers Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Educational Conference Center
Definition
Facility that is affiliated with a campus or university.
Term
Educational Meeting
Definition
An event held for the purpose of teaching information.
Term
Educational Program
Definition
Substantive instructional content at an event.
Term
Educational Session
Definition
Time period during which information or instruction is presented.
Term
Educational Visit
Definition
Tour of place or location by a group of individuals with a common interest in the subject matter visited ( i.e., work place or manufacturing plant). See STUDY MISSION.
Term
EE
Definition
Errors Excepted.
Term
Effects
Definition
Effects devices can be broadly classified as anything that changes the sound of signals passing through them.
Term
Effects Projector
Definition
Device combining theatrical projector with variable throw, and rotating decorated lens; used to project ripples, waves, clouds, etc.
Term
Efficiency
Definition
1) Sleeping room at a housing facility with food preparation amenities. 2) The ratio of input and output usually expressed in a percent. For example, a loudspeaker, which produces 8 acoustic watts when fed 100 electrical watts, is 8% efficient.
Term
EFX
Definition
Special Effects.
Term
Egg Foo Yung
Definition
Chinese pancake which includes eggs, bean sprouts, subgum (mushrooms) and often either pork, shrimp or chicken.
Term
Eggcrate
Definition
Construction technique of joining two materials by notching both and inserting slots into each other.
Term
Eggplant
Definition
A member of the nightshade family, related to the potato and tomato, actually a berry. There are many varieties and colors from dark purple to white, and range from 2 to 12 inches and from oblong to round. The most common in the U.S. is the large, pear-shape variety with a smooth, glossy, dark purple skin. Japanese or Asian eggplants are very narrow and range in color from solid purple to striated shade. Italian or baby eggplant looks like a miniature version of the common large variety, is more delicate skin and flesh.
Term
Eggs Benedict
Definition
Poached eggs on an English muffin, with Canadian bacon (or ham) and hollandaise sauce. This item holds well in hot boxes.
Term
e-Key
Definition
Key used to prevent a guest from entering his/her room.
Term
e-Learning
Definition
The use of an electronically based network or Internet technology to design, deliver, select and extend learning. Included in this category are TV and satellite broadcasts, Internet delivered video-on-demand, audio-on demand, and any other computer-based form of learning and training.
Term
Electric Eye
Definition
A device that creates a light beam, the interruption of which will activate a relay switch for control of a desired animation.
Term
Electric Pointer
Definition
Laser device which a speaker uses to cast an illuminated spot on the wall, blackboard, screen, etc., to draw attention to a particular feature.
Term
Electrical Contractor
Definition
Person or company contracted by event management to provide electrical services to exhibitors.
Term
Electrician
Definition
A technician trained in the installation, operation and dismantling of all electrical equipment.
Term
Electronic Blackboard
Definition
System for sending handwriting, and hand-drawn graphics, over a telephone line. The sender may use either a light pen or a digitizing tablet, and the appropriate image will appear on a television monitor at the remote location.
Term
Electronic Crossover
Definition
See ACTIVE CROSSOVER.
Term
Electronic Editing
Definition
Process by which program elements are inserted and assembled on medium without physically altering the medium, e.g. video tape, CD Roms.
Term
Electronic Payment
Definition
Payment by means of electronic funds transfer, e.g. using a credit card at a point-of-sale terminal.
Term
Electronic Pour
Definition
System of dispensing exact amounts of liquor per drink.
Term
Electronic Whiteboard
Definition
A system of controlling multimedia presentations by displaying computer generated images onto a white board. The board copies all information written or taped onto it, and saves, publishes or prints out the notes.
Term
Elevated Table
Definition
Table raised to counter height. See TUXEDO TABLE. See Also COCKTAIL TABLE.
Term
Elevation
Definition
1) Height. 2) Front and side views of a scaled drawing.
Term
Ellipsoidal Spotlight
Definition
Type of adjustable spotlight formerly known as a klieg light. It is used to light lecterns, signs and areas that need a tightly focused pool of light. See LEKO. See Also LECTERN.
Term
Email Alert
Definition
See CONFERENCE REMINDER.
Term
Email Newsletter
Definition
A newsletter distributed to a subscriber list via email. Often referred to as “opt-in” or permission marketing because subscribers choose to receive the information.
Term
Embedding
Definition
Technique of capturing object in Lucite or other materials.
Term
Embedment
Definition
Casting in plastic. Can be done with photos and translites, or transparencies.
Term
Embossing
Definition
Impressing letters or artwork in relief. Blind embossing is an inkless impression on blank paper.
Term
Emcee
Definition
The master of ceremonies at a banquet or similar event. Sometimes spelled MC.
Term
Emergency Action Plan
Definition
Procedures about how to react and respond to an emergency situation, such as medical emergencies, fire and bomb threats.
Term
Emergency Exit
Definition
Door, clear of obstructions, designed for egress in the event of fire or panic.
Term
Emergency Medical Plan
Definition
A formalized plan of action for handling on-site emergencies from basic first aid to fire or serious injury.
Term
Emotional Factors
Definition
Emotions brought to class by adult learners that may help or hinder their learning.
Term
Employer's Association
Definition
Organization of employers who band together mainly to deal with labor unions as a unified group.
Term
Empty Sticker
Definition
The tag indicating a crate may be moved into storage. The sticker identifies the exhibitor and the return location for the crate.
Term
en Brochette
Definition
Broiled and served on a skewer. See À LA BROCHE. See Also SHISH KEBOB.
Term
en Casserole
Definition
Food served in the same dish in which it was baked.
Term
en Coquille
Definition
Cooked and served in shell or shell-shaped ramekin.
Term
en Croûte
Definition
Baked in a flaky crust (e.g. Beef Wellington).
Term
Encryption
Definition
The translation of data into code. One of the most effective ways to achieve data security.
Term
End Cap
Definition
An exhibit space with aisles on three sides. See PENINSULA.
Term
Endorsement
Definition
1) To give approval or agreement to a certain subject matter or event. 2) To inscribe, as a signature or notation, on a document. 3) A provision added to an insurance policy that alters or explains its coverage. 4) The authority to reissue a ticket for travel on airlines other than the issuing carrier (the carrier on which the ticket was originally written).
Term
Energy Break
Definition
Refreshment break where nutritious foods and beverages are served, occasionally including some form of exercise. See BREAK.
Term
Engagement
Definition
Used as a noun to describe a set booking or date when a buyer has secured the services of, or employed, a speaker.
Term
Engineering
Definition
Department in a facility (hotel, convention center, etc.) responsible for operating and maintaining a building’s services systems, such as climate control, electrical, and water.
Term
English Breakfast
Definition
A large, hearty breakfast that can include juice, hot cereal, eggs, meat (often fish), pastries with jellies and preserves, and hot beverages.
Term
English Service
Definition
Food is brought to the table on a tray, presented to the host, who either cuts the food him/herself or chooses to have it done by the server away from the table. Vegetables are placed in bowls on the table for guests to serve themselves. See FAMILY-STYLE SERVICE.
Term
Entertainment
Definition
Activity performed for the amusement and enjoyment of others.
Term
Entertainment Program
Definition
Program of events organized for the entertainment of participants.
Term
Entrecôte
Definition
Sirloin steak.
Term
Entrée
Definition
Main meal course. (In Europe, it is the term used to describe the appetizer.) With the increase in international business, it is recommended that the word entree no longer be used, in favor of main course.
Term
Environmental Considerations
Definition
Those conditions in an event facility surrounding and affecting projection and audio quality (i.e., doors, ceiling height, etc.).
Term
EOR
Definition
Exhibitor of Record.
Term
Épice
Definition
Highly spiced.
Term
EPO
Definition
Each pays own. See PAY OWN.
Term
Equalization
Definition
The intentional alteration of levels of portions of the audio frequency spectrum to fit the requirements of frequency response defined by a listener. Traditionally, the term equalization was used to describe the replacement (always a boost) of energy lost as a result of long telephone line runs of wire, but today the term is used to describe any change in frequency response or spectral balance done intentionally by using any device, which includes circuits that can produce these changes.
Term
Equalizer
Definition
Device used to compensate for undesired sound system characteristics or room acoustics.
Term
Equipment Manager
Definition
A person assigned to issue and maintain accountability of equipment such as radios, uniforms, flashlights, signage, umbrellas, traffic cones, and stanchions.
Term
Erase
Definition
1) Permanently remove information from a magnetic medium such as a videotape. 2) Delete from a computer storage device.
Term
Erection
Definition
The set up and teardown of exhibits. See I&D.
Term
Errors and Omissions Insurance
Definition
Errors and Omissions Insurance – Often referred to as E&O insurance. A form of insurance that indemnifies the insured for any loss sustained because of an error or oversight on his part.
Term
ESCA
Definition
Exhibition Services & Contractors Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Escargots
Definition
Snails cooked in broth.
Term
Escoffier Dish
Definition
Serving containers for chafing dishes.
Term
Escort
Definition
A person, usually employed or subcontracted (or independently contracted) by a DMC, who accompanies a tour from departure to return, as a guide. 2) A person who performs such functions only at the destination.
Term
Escorted Tour
Definition
1) A prearranged travel program, usually for a group escorted. In a fully conducted tour, escort and/or guide service is provided throughout. 2) A sightseeing program conducted by a guide (e.g. a city tour). See TOUR. See Also ESCORT.
Term
ESG
Definition
Event Specifications Guide is the industry's official term for the document used by an event organizer to convey information clearly and accurately to appropriate venue(s) and/or suppliers regarding all requirements for an event.
Term
Espresso
Definition
A very thick, strong coffee, served in a demi tasse cup.
Term
Est. Wt.
Definition
Estimated Weight.
Term
Estimate
Definition
1) Critiquing and rating the overall success of an event. 2) Developing an event profile from accurate event statistics. 3) Approximate calculation of exhibit costs.
Term
ETA
Definition
Estimated time of arrival.
Term
Etching
Definition
Inscribing lines of textures on the surface of rigid materials using acids or tools.
Term
ETD
Definition
Estimated time of departure.
Term
Ethernet Internet Service
Definition
Local area network of computers and associated devices that share a global information system.
Term
Étouffée
Definition
Succulent, tangy, tomato-based sauce, usually used with crawfish or shrimp.
Term
Étouffée
Definition
A Cajun dish of crawfish or shrimp with vegetable, usually served over rice.
Term
European Community
Definition
EC. The block of Western European countries formerly knows as the European Economic Community (EEC).
Term
European Currency Unit
Definition
ECU. Currency unit of the European Community, called the “Euro.”
Term
European Plan
Definition
EP. A room rate that does not include meals. See Also AMERICAN PLAN, BERMUDA PLAN, CONTINENTAL PLAN, DEMI-PENSION, MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN.
Term
Evaluation
Definition
1) Critiquing and rating the overall success of an event. 2) Developing an event profile from accurate event statistics.
Term
Evaluation Learning Method
Definition
Tests whether attendees learned what was expected, and if they can use the information effectively.
Term
Event
Definition
An organized occasion such as a meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, etc. An event is often composed of several different yet related FUNCTIONS.
Term
Event Organizer
Definition
Person whose job it is to oversee and arrange every aspect of an event. Person can be an employee or hired ad hoc to plan, organize, implement, and control meetings, conventions, and other events.
Term
Event Site
Definition
Premises where an event will be held. See SITE.
Term
Event Specifications Guide
Definition
Event Specifications Guide is the industry's official term for the document used by an event organizer to convey information clearly and accurately to appropriate venue(s) and/or suppliers regarding all requirements for an event.
Term
Event-Contracted Block
Definition
ECB. The rooms that are contracted for by an event organizer with a hotel(s) or housing facility(s) for a particular event.
Term
Ex
Definition
From. When used in pricing terms such as "Ex Factory" or "Ex Dock," it signifies that the price quoted applies only at the point of origin (in the two examples, at the seller’s factory or a dock at the import point). In practice, this kind of price quote indicates that the seller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the specified place within a fixed period of time.
Term
Excess Baggage
Definition
Baggage which exceeds the free allowance set by the airline.
Term
Exchange Rate
Definition
The relative value of two different currencies at a specific time.
Term
Exciter Lamp
Definition
Lamp which projects illumination through optical sound track on 16mm film. Light patterns are read by the projector sound head converted to electronic signals fed to an audio amplifier.
Term
Exclusion
Definition
A contractual provision that denies coverage for certain perils, persons, property, or locations.
Term
Exclusive
Definition
Any agreement which limits who may provide specific products or services under certain conditions to only one party. A general service contractor, for instance, may have an "exclusive" in a particular facility, meaning that no other contractor is allowed to provide the same services or products in that facility.
Term
Exclusive Contract
Definition
Contract between a facility and a service provider designating that provider as the only provider of a specific service or products in that facility.
Term
Exclusive Contractor
Definition
Contractor appointed by event or building management as the sole agent to provide specific services or products.
Term
Exclusive Right to Sell
Definition
When a speakers bureau/agency has a contract with a speaker and is the sole and exclusive representative of the speaker.
Term
Exclusive Use
Definition
Rental of entire truck or van by one shipper.
Term
Excursion
Definition
A tour. A recreational trip or activity provided to event participants and/or accompanying persons as a scheduled portion of the event program. See TOUR.
Term
Executive Coach
Definition
A luxury motorcoach with seating of 25 or less which can include such amenities as TV, galley, wet bar, card tables, etc.
Term
Executive Committee
Definition
A committee of the Board of Directors that acts between meetings of the board to determine organizational policy.
Term
Executive Conference Center
Definition
A first class conference facility that caters to executive level events.
Term
Executive Director
Definition
Person appointed or hired to handle or direct day-to-day organizational functions.
Term
Exhibit
Definition
Individual display area constructed to showcase products, services or convey a message.
Term
Exhibit Booth/Stand
Definition
Individual display area constructed to showcase products or convey a message.
Term
Exhibit Designer/Producer
Definition
Person or company responsible for designing and constructing an exhibit booth/stand.
Term
Exhibit Directory
Definition
Program or catalog for attendees listing exhibitors and exhibit booth/stand location. See DIRECTORY.
Term
Exhibit Hall
Definition
Area within facility where exhibition is located.
Term
Exhibit House
Definition
Company that fabricates displays. See SHOP. See Also DISPLAY BUILDER.
Term
Exhibit Manager
Definition
1) Person in charge of individual exhibit booth/stand. 2) Event management staff member in charge of entire exhibit area.
Term
Exhibit Producer
Definition
An individual or company that designs and/or builds exhibits. May also provide other services. See DISPLAY BUILDER.
Term
Exhibition
Definition
1) An event at which products and services are displayed. The primary activity of attendees is visiting exhibits on the show floor. These events focus primarily on business-to-business (B2B) relationships. 2) Display of products or promotional material for the purposes of public relations, sales and/or marketing. See TRADE SHOW. See Also CONSUMER SHOW, GATE SHOW, PUBLIC SHOW.
Term
Exhibition Area
Definition
Amount of floor space occupied by exhibitor. Also Called BOOTH/STAND AREA.
Term
Exhibition Center
Definition
Venue at which exhibitions are held.
Term
Exhibition Contractor
Definition
The organizer or promoter of an exhibition; responsible for the letting of space, financial control and management of the exhibition; sometimes an agent acting in this capacity.
Term
Exhibition Manager
Definition
Preferred term for the specific person responsible for all aspects of planning, promoting, and producing an exhibition. Also Called SHOW MANAGER, SHOW ORGANIZER. See SHOW MANAGEMENT.
Term
Exhibition Occupancy
Definition
Total square feet of space used for exhibits times the number of use days divided by the total exhibit space in the building multiplied by 365. Expressed as a percentage.
Term
Exhibition Plan
Definition
Plan showing space to be occupied by the exhibition; the areas intended for booths/stands and those for passageways and services etc. See FLOOR PLAN.
Term
Exhibition Service Contractor
Definition
Supplier of booth/stand equipment, rental furnishings, floor coverings, labor, drayage and signs for exhibitions and trade shows. See GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR.
Term
Exhibitor
Definition
1) Person or firm that displays its products or services at an event. 2) Event attendee whose primary purpose for attending the event is to staff a booth/stand.
Term
Exhibitor Advisory Committee
Definition
Representatives of an event's exhibiting companies who act as advisers to show management on rules and procedures, and also update show management on industry trends and issues.
Term
Exhibitor Appointed Contractor
Definition
EAC. Any company other than the designated "official" contractor providing a service to an exhibitor. Can refer to an Install & Dismantle Company (I&D House), photographer, florist or any other type of contractor.
Term
Exhibitor Kit
Definition
See EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
Term
Exhibitor Lounge
Definition
An area either on or adjacent to the exhibit floor where exhibitors may relax or meet with customers.
Term
Exhibitor Manual
Definition
Manual or kit, usually developed by the service contractor for an event, containing general event information, labor/service order forms, rules and regulations and other information pertinent to an exhibitor's participation in an exhibition.
Term
Exhibitor Move-In
Definition
The time period allowed for exhibitors to prepare their exhibit space for show opening. It generally begins after the exposition contractor to receive/unload show-site deliveries.
Term
Exhibitor Newsletter
Definition
A newsletter sent by event management to exhibitors prior to a event. It includes updates on deadlines, event rules and regulations, events, and marketing opportunities offered by event management, plus educational articles to improve exhibitors' effectiveness.
Term
Exhibitor Prospectus
Definition
Direct mail promotional materials sent to current and prospective exhibitors to encourage participation and promote the benefits of exhibiting in a specific show. Contains information about technical points, cost of exhibition space, floor plan of the exhibition and application for participation.
Term
Exhibitor Retention
Definition
Persuading current exhibitors to participate in subsequent events. Exhibitor retention rate is the percentage of exhibitors that renew.
Term
Exhibitor-Appointed Carrier
Definition
EAC. For freight shipped to (inbound) or from (out-bound) a show, exhibitors are free to choose the carrier of their choice. This choice is predicated upon the exhibitor making necessary pick-up/delivery arrangements. When doing so, the exhibitor is said to have designated an EAC. Selecting a particular carrier is commonly associated with receiving preferred service and/or rates.
Term
Exhibitorship
Definition
Skills to effectively present an exhibiting company's message. Includes body language, opening line and message presentation. Also Called BOOTHMANSHIP.
Term
Exhibits-Only
Definition
The right to attend the exhibit-based portion of an event, not the paid conference or other fee events.
Term
Exit Visa
Definition
An endorsement made on a passport denoting that a person may leave the country.
Term
Expanded Metal
Definition
Sheets of metal cut and expanded to form an open mesh, usually used as decorative grill.
Term
Expected Attendance
Definition
Total number of people anticipated to attend an event prior to the event taking place.
Term
Expedited Service
Definition
Service offered by a transportation company to assure prompt delivery.
Term
Expenses
Definition
All contracted out-of-pocket business costs. These normally include airfare, taxi-fare, car rental costs, lodging, gratuities, special phone calls having to do with the event, meals, and last-minute presentational materials. Expenses charged to the client should not include anything of personal nature (i.e. movies, alcohol).
Term
Explainer
Definition
Personnel hired at an exhibition who have technical knowledge of a product; they may or may not be bilingual.
Term
Export
Definition
To send or transport goods out of one country for sale or display in another country. The exporter is usually the seller or the seller's agent. See IMPORT.
Term
Export Broker
Definition
An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
Term
Export Declaration
Definition
Required for shipments valued at more than $2500; used by the U.S. government to monitor the dollar volume of export shipments.
Term
Export License
Definition
A government document which permits the “licensee” to engage in the export of designated goods to certain destinations.
Term
Export Management Company
Definition
A private firm that serves as the export department for several manufacturers, soliciting and transacting export business on behalf of its clients in return for compensation. i.e. a commission, salary, or retainer plus commission.
Term
Exposition
Definition
See EXHIBITION.
Term
Exposition Manager
Definition
See EXHIBITION MANAGER.
Term
Expository Learning
Definition
The instructor presents to the learners and the learners remain passive and watch or listen.
Term
Extended Type
Definition
Type that is wider than standard, allowing fewer characters per line.
Term
Extra Overnight Stays
Definition
All extra nights spent by the participant other than overnight event stays.
Term
Extra Section
Definition
Added aircraft or bus to accommodate a group too large for one aircraft or bus.
Term
Extraordinary Session
Definition
A special session for activities, needs, or situations that are different from those normally and originally scheduled.
Term
Extruded
Definition
To form metal or plastic, push out.
Term
Eye Bolts
Definition
Eye bolts or eye screws have a looped head or an opening in the head.
Term
F&B
Definition
Food and Beverage.
Term
F&B Guarantee
Definition
See GUARANTEE.
Term
F&B Service Time
Definition
Specific time at which a food and beverage function, or segment of a function (e.g., appetizer, entrée, dessert), should be served.
Term
FAA
Definition
Federal Aviation Administration.
Term
Fabrication
Definition
Construction of an exhibit or display.
Term
Facilitator
Definition
An individual who guides discussion and/or decision making.
Term
Facility
Definition
A structure that is built, installed or established to serve a particular purpose. See CONVENTION CENTER, HALL.
Term
Facility Manager
Definition
The manager of a convention center, exhibition hall or other venue.
Term
Fade
Definition
Progressive lessening or dimming of an image from the screen. See DISSOLVE.
Term
Fade-In
Definition
Gradual fade from a dark screen to a visual image. See CROSS FADE. See Also DISSOLVE.
Term
Fade-Out
Definition
Room lights are turned off or video screen becomes black. See GO TO BLACK.
Term
Fader
Definition
Device used to control all dimming circuits.
Term
Fahrenheit
Definition
A temperature scale in which 32° is freezing and 212° is the steam point. To convert Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit reading, multiply by 5 and divide by 9. (A simple way to calculate is to subtract 10% of Fahrenheit, then double the result, which may be off a degree, but is generally close enough.)
Term
Fair
Definition
1) Enterprise principally devoted to the exhibition of products of agriculture or industry. Typically, fairs also provide entertainment activities such as rides, games and food concessions. 2) Exhibition of products or services in a specific area of activity held with the objective of promoting business.
Term
Fair trade
Definition
Small farmers are paid a fair market price that enables them to improve their standard of living.
Term
Fajitas
Definition
Marinated meat prepared Mexican-style.
Term
False Bow
Definition
Staged bow and exit by the artist, with a planned return pending audience response.
Term
Fam Trip
Definition
Familiarization Trip. Offered to potential buyers of a venue, a program designed to acquaint participants with specific destinations or services and to stimulate the booking of an event. Often offered in groups, but sometimes on an individual basis. See SITE INSPECTION.
Term
Familiarization Trip
Definition
Fam Trip. Offered to potential buyers of a venue, a program designed to acquaint participants with specific destinations or services and to stimulate the booking of an event. Often offered in groups, but sometimes on an individual basis. See SITE INSPECTION.
Term
Family Name
Definition
Preferred term for use on event housing and registration forms to indicate the name by which all immediate family members are known. Same as LAST NAME, SURNAME. Compare with GIVEN NAME.
Term
Family Plan
Definition
A discount price offered by companies to second and successive members of families.
Term
Family-Style Service
Definition
Platters and bowls of foods are set on the dining tables, from which guests serve themselves. Usually involves guests passing the containers to each other. See ENGLISH SERVICE.
Term
FAP
Definition
Full American Plan. See AMERICAN PLAN (AP).
Term
Farci
Definition
Stuffed, e.g. stuffed meat.
Term
Fascia
Definition
Placard or sign at top of exhibit usually with company name.
Term
Fashion Goods
Definition
Goods where style is important and price is secondary. These products could include clothing, jewelry, furniture, draperies, and dishes, but can sometimes be stretched into other areas such as umbrellas, walking canes, cigarette holders, etc.
Term
Fashion Show
Definition
Choreographed display of garments and/or accessories by models.
Term
Fast Fold Screen
Definition
Brand name for a large screen with a frame which folds down into a small case for storage. The legs of this screen are attached at the sides of the screen, or the screen may be flown from above.
Term
Featherbedding
Definition
1) Unfair labor practice of causing an employer to pay for services which are not performed, or requiring more people than necessary to do a job, or requiring the performance of superfluous work. 2) Making oneself comfortable through the receipt of excessive or unjustified compensation for little or no work. See MAKE WORK PRACTICES.
Term
Featherrock
Definition
Material cut from volcanic lava in rough and varying sizes, or synthetic materials that looks exactly like heavy rock but is lightweight; useful for decorative stone, venues and dioramas.
Term
Fee
Definition
1) A fixed amount or percentage charged. 2) The cost of participating in a meeting or event, paid to the organization conducting the meeting.
Term
Fee for Service
Definition
The amount charged for providing a service.
Term
Feedback
Definition
1) Regeneration of sound from audio speakers back through a microphone causing a squealing sound. 2) Response about an activity, policy, or idea.
Term
Feeder Space
Definition
Reservations for passenger from home city to gateway city for international or Hawaii flights.
Term
Fête
Definition
A party or celebration.
Term
Fettuccine Alfredo
Definition
Fettuccine noodles in a white cheese sauce.
Term
FHC
Definition
Notation on floor plans indicating the location of fire hose cabinets.
Term
Fiber Optic Cable
Definition
A cable that is made up of tiny glass strands that are wrapped and bundled together to make up a cable. Fiber can transmit voice, data and video at gigabyte speed, or 1 billion bytes per second, with less signal loss than copper wire because the signal is carried by light rather than electricity. See BACKBONE.
Term
Fiber Optics
Definition
1) In displays, the use of cut glass fibers to display colored light. 2) In telephony, material used for carrying voice and data signals.
Term
Fiberglass
Definition
A material fabricated from plastic resins and glass fiber. Available in rigid forms, translucent and opaque. Can also be custom fabricated in intricate shapes.
Term
Field Services
Definition
Handling installation and dismantling, including freight, drayage, carpentry, electrical, plumbing, iron workers, riggers and maintenance.
Term
File Server
Definition
A computer that shares its resources, such as printers and files, with other computers on a network.
Term
Filet Mignon
Definition
Cut of the beef tenderloin.
Term
Fill Light
Definition
Light used to fill in shadows created by key light.
Term
Fillet
Definition
'Almost' boneless cut of fish.
Term
Film
Definition
A flexible strip of chemically treated material used in taking still or moving pictures.
Term
Film Chain
Definition
Projectors and video equipment transmitting projected materials through a television system.
Term
Film Clip
Definition
Brief filmed piece.
Term
Filmstrip
Definition
Series of slides reproduced on one continuous strip of film.
Term
Filter
Definition
1) A transparent material that is over a light that can affect the intensity, color, and focus of the light. 2) Circuit that selectively attenuates portions of the audio frequency spectrum. A filter is the opposite of the traditional equalizer, which selectively boosts, but for the purpose of modern convenient control of sound on mixes and equalizer units, the circuits of tone-altering controls usually incorporate the dual abilities to equalize and filter by simply rotating a knob one way or another.
Term
Final Program
Definition
Document containing the definitive conference and social program, circulated immediately prior to a conference or distributed at the commencement of the event.
Term
Final Report
Definition
Conclusive summary of conference events.
Term
Financial Procedures
Definition
An outline of accounting and banking techniques.
Term
Financial Report
Definition
Document incorporating the statement of income and expenses and the budget at a given date.
Term
Financial Responsibility Law
Definition
A law that requires a person or organization to furnish evidence of ability to respond to claims for harm from a specified type of activity. The most common financial responsibility requirement applies to motor vehicle operators, who must have evidence of ability to pay for automobile-related injuries or damage. An auto liability policy is the main form of financial responsibility.
Term
Finger Bowl
Definition
Hot water, sometimes scented, and fresh linen served to a guest after the meal so that the hands and face can be cleansed.
Term
Finger Food
Definition
Food at a reception that does not require a knife, fork or spoon.
Term
Finger Pull
Definition
Hinged finger grip usually mounted in recess on hinged doors.
Term
Finished
Definition
Wooden articles that have passed the state of manufacture "in the white" (refers to wood that has been primed).
Term
Fire Aisle
Definition
Interior aisle in an exhibition floor plan used for emergency egress that must be kept clear of obstructions.
Term
Fire Exit
Definition
Door or passageway, clear of obstructions, designed by local authorities for egress from a building or structure.
Term
Fire Extinguisher
Definition
Any agent used to extinguish fires such as water, sand, CO2, Halon, etc.
Term
Fire Insurance
Definition
This insurance usually covers loss or damage attributable to fire, smoke, explosion, or forces of nature. It can also cover water damage.
Term
Fire Lane
Definition
An external vehicle lane that must be kept clear of obstruction to allow emergency egress.
Term
Fire Marshal
Definition
In the United States, Fire Marshals' responsibilities vary from state to state, but they tend to be responsible for fire safety code adoption and enforcement, fire and arson investigation, fire incident data reporting and analysis, public education and advising Governors and State Legislatures on fire protection.
Term
Fire Retardant
Definition
Term used to describe a finish (usually liquid) which coats materials with a fire resistant cover. This does not render the material fire-proof.
Term
Firm Offer
Definition
A speaking engagement that is definitely confirmed as in, "I've got a firm offer for Baltimore on that date." A firm offer is one that becomes contractually binding upon acceptance of the offer by the third party.
Term
First Aid
Definition
Emergency care or treatment given to an ill or injured person before regular medical care is available. Also the place where such emergency care is provided.
Term
First Announcement
Definition
Initial notification of an event, generally outlining the basic framework of a meeting; a widely circulated document. Also Called PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT.
Term
First Name
Definition
Name given to identify individual family members. See GIVEN NAME (preferred).
Term
First Option
Definition
See OPTION.
Term
Fishpole
Definition
Holder with microphone often used in Q. & A. sessions. See GOOSENECK LIGHT.
Term
FIT
Definition
Foreign Independent Travel. A custom-designed, prepaid travel package with many individualized arrangements. FIT are unescorted and usually have no formal itinerary.
Term
Fixed Assets
Definition
Usually non-liquid assets that are integral to the enterprise's day-to-day business operations (e.g. plants, equipment, furniture and real estate).
Term
Fixed Costs
Definition
The day-to-day cost of doing business that is pre-committed, such as salaries, insurance, lease expenses, utilities, etc.
Term
Fixed Expense
Definition
Expense incurred regardless of the number of event attendees.
Term
Fixed Jig
Definition
Permanent felt support mounted within a shipping container.
Term
Fixed Seating Assignments
Definition
Chairs of event rooms permanently affixed to the floor.
Term
Fixed Theater
Definition
Permanent, non-movable seats in an event room or amphitheater.
Term
Flag Carrier
Definition
Carrier designated by a country to serve international routes.
Term
Flambé
Definition
(flom bay) Meat dish or dessert item flamed with spirits.
Term
Flame Resistant/ Retardant
Definition
Material that is fire resistant.
Term
Flange
Definition
That part of an extruded, formed or fabricated component that protrudes from the basic shape. Often used as mounting plate.
Term
Flare
Definition
Dark flashes caused by light reflections from polished objects.
Term
Flash
Definition
Technique of blinking on and off to add emphasis.
Term
Flash Box
Definition
Smoke-producing device for special effects.
Term
Flasher
Definition
Device to activate one or more lamps by intermittently interrupting current.
Term
Flat Cable
Definition
Cable and extension cords that are used to lie on the floor under the carpet. It is flat to help reduce tripping hazards and provide a safer walk area within a booth/stand space.
Term
Flat Framed
Definition
1' x 2', 1' x 3' or 1' x 4' mounted on flat surface, usually associated with banners or signs.
Term
Flat Rate
Definition
Flat rate for which a hotel or motel agrees to offer any of its available sleeping rooms (with the exception of suites) to a group. Final assignment of rooms is at the discretion of the hotel. See RUN-OF-THE-HOUSE RATE.
Term
Flatware
Definition
Utensils used in a place setting (e.g. knife, fork, spoon).
Term
Flipchart
Definition
Large pad of paper placed on, or attached to, an easel. Flipcharts are often used by speakers and facilitators for illustrative purposes. They are commonly used with permanent or non-permanent dry ink markers.
Term
Float
Definition
A large 4-wheel dolly with upright handle, can be manual or motorized.
Term
Floater
Definition
Worker(s) with no fixed assignment who are used to help out where needed.
Term
Flocking
Definition
An electrostatic spraying process producing a velvety finish on any surface.
Term
Flood Light
Definition
A light designed to provide general illumination.
Term
Floor Load
Definition
Maximum amount of weight per square foot/meter a floor can support. (May also refer to the maximum amount of power available from floor outlets and ports.)
Term
Floor Manager
Definition
Person retained by event management to supervise the installation, dismantling and operation of the exhibit area.
Term
Floor Marking
Definition
Method of marking booth/stand spaces in an empty exhibit hall to indicate where booth/stands will be set.
Term
Floor Order
Definition
Order for exhibitor services placed on-site after exhibit set up begins. Usually more expensive than an ADVANCE ORDER.
Term
Floor Plan
Definition
1) Schematic drawing of an exhibit hall including dimensions, design, shape, entrances, aisles, numbered exhibit booth/stands, lounges, concession areas, restrooms, electrical/plumbing accessibility, etc. 2) Scale plan of the floor area of a hotel’s event space. 3) Schematic drawing of a function room with specific requirements (dais, tables, chairs, etc.) drawn to scale.
Term
Floor Port
Definition
Utility box, recessed in the floor, containing electrical, telephone, and/or plumbing connections.
Term
Floor Speaker
Definition
Member of a meeting audience who participates in discussion during a meeting session.
Term
Floor-Length Linen
Definition
Covers table across top and down to floor. Used for more formal events.
Term
Flop
Definition
To reverse a photo or illustration so that it conforms to the basic design.
Term
Florentine
Definition
Served with spinach.
Term
Flush
Definition
Type is set so that it is even with right margin, left margin and/or both margins.
Term
Flush Mounted
Definition
Mounting of one material to another with no space between them.
Term
Fly
Definition
Objects and scenery hanging from above.
Term
Flyer
Definition
One-piece printed announcement or advertisement.
Term
Fly-In Instructions
Definition
Directions informing a venue or facility of the number of event participants expected to travel by plane to an event, in order to ensure adequate parking and bell staffing. This information should be included in the specifications guide for an event.
Term
Flying
Definition
Raising and supporting sound, lighting or other equipment or décor from the ceiling.
Term
Foam Core
Definition
Corrugated lightweight material with a Styrofoam® center sandwiched in the center; used for signs, decorating, and exhibit construction.
Term
FOB
Definition
Freight On Board. When something is purchased and paid for with terms 'FOB origin' it means the responsibility of the seller stops when the 'goods' are delivered to the transporting company at the point of origin. It is the responsibility of the buyer to pay for transportation.
Term
Focal Length
Definition
1) Distance from the center of the lens to the film plane. 2) Size of lens required to obtain a specific size picture.
Term
Focus
Definition
Proper sharpness of the outline of an image.
Term
Focus Group
Definition
Method of doing research using a small group led by a facilitator.
Term
Foie
Definition
(foy) Liver.
Term
Foie Gras
Definition
Seasoned goose liver pâté.
Term
Foldback
Definition
See CUE CHANNEL.
Term
Folio
Definition
Form on which all charge transactions incurred by a registered guest are recorded.
Term
Follow Spotlight
Definition
Manually movable spotlight (a brilliant light projected onto a particular area).
Term
Font
Definition
Alphabet of type in a specific style. See TYPEFACE.
Term
Food & Beverage
Definition
Any catered or concession service provided by a facility.
Term
Force Majeure
Definition
An event (e.g. war, labor strike, extreme weather, or other disruptive circumstances) or effect that cannot be reasonably anticipated or controlled: a "fortuitous event." See ACT OF GOD.
Term
Force Majeure Clause
Definition
A clause in an agreement that excuses performance in the event that a FORCE MAJEURE makes the performance impracticable or impossible.
Term
Forced Freight/Forcing the Floor
Definition
Removal of freight from the event floor after the event close that was not picked up by an exhibitor's carrier, or shipments left behind at the booth/stand at the close of the event without a bill of lading. Forced freight is generally removed from the hall at a specified time and held by the general contractor or official common carrier or until payment is made for forwarding.
Term
Forecast
Definition
1) To estimate a hotel’s revenues and occupancy situation on any given date or dates. Used for planning of staffing, purchasing and budgeting. Does not reflect contract commitments. 2) To estimate revenues and expenses for a future event.
Term
Foreign Exchange Currency Risk
Definition
Risk that an organization takes when dealing with foreign currency due to exchange rates fluctuating over time.
Term
Foreign Independent Tour
Definition
FIT. Custom-designed prepaid tour for an individual traveler.
Term
Foreign Sales Agent
Definition
An individual or firm that serves as the foreign representative of a domestic supplier and seeks sales abroad for the supplier.
Term
Foreign Trade Zone
Definition
An area within a country where imported goods can be stored or processed without being subject to import duty. See FREE PORT. See Also BONDED WAREHOUSE.
Term
Foreign/National
Definition
Membership or meeting participation available to organizations or individuals from one nation, but able to meet in another nation.
Term
Foreman
Definition
Supervisor of a group of workers whose duties will vary based upon the region of the country and the union affiliation. See JOB FOREMAN. See Also WORKING FORMAN.
Term
Fork Food
Definition
Food at a reception that requires only a fork and not a knife.
Term
Forklift/Forktruck
Definition
Vehicle with a power-operated pronged platform for lifting and carrying loads, used to transport heavy exhibit materials short distances, and for loading and unloading materials.
Term
Formal Dress
Definition
See BLACK TIE. See Also WHITE TIE.
Term
Formica
Definition
A brand name for a plastic laminate.
Term
For-Profit
Definition
An organization that organizes events with the intention of making a profit.
Term
For-Profit Event Management Company
Definition
A management company whose owners or stockholders share in its net proceeds.
Term
Forum
Definition
1) Open discussion with audience, panel, and moderator. 2) A meeting or part of a meeting set aside for an open discussion by recognized participants on subjects of public interest. Also for legal purposes, as part of the proceedings of a tribunal, court or similar body.
Term
Forward Contract
Definition
An agreement guaranteeing a specific price for a product or service at a given future date. May also guarantee a specific rate of exchange when foreign currency is used.
Term
Foul Bill of Lading
Definition
A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were damaged when received. See CLEAN BILL OF LADING.
Term
Four Hour Call
Definition
Minimum work period for which union labor must be paid in special circumstances (generally, a minimum call is one hour.). Not to be confused with minimum charges to exhibitors applied by contractors that service events.
Term
Four-Color Separation
Definition
Process of printing a full color image utilizing four colored screened patterns from which printing plates can be engraved.
Term
Foyer
Definition
Pre-function space; public area in a venue for assembly or registration.
Term
FP
Definition
See FRONT PROJECTION.
Term
Fraises
Definition
(frays) Strawberries.
Term
Framboises
Definition
(fram bwah) Raspberries.
Term
Frame
Definition
Individual picture in a filmstrip or motion picture.
Term
Framed Hardboard
Definition
Masonite or similar material on a 1 x 2 or 1 x 3 frame.
Term
Fraternal
Definition
Groups where membership is based on common personal interests rather than common job or career responsibilities.
Term
Free Form
Definition
Self-supporting and independent exhibit material. See ISLAND EXHIBIT.
Term
Free Paper
Definition
Written transcript given as a result of acceptance of the submitted abstract on a subject chosen by the author.
Term
Free Papers Session
Definition
Reports on particular topics which, while closely related to the subject of an event, do not strictly refer to the matters under discussion.
Term
Free Port
Definition
See FOREIGN TRADE ZONE.
Term
Free Pour
Definition
Alcoholic beverages poured by hand without the use of shot glasses or other measuring devices.
Term
Free Rider
Definition
Union term for a non-union worker who received the benefits of the union's collective bargaining activity without sharing in the costs.
Term
Free Standing
Definition
Self-supporting and independent display material.
Term
Free Trade Zone
Definition
An area designated by the government of a country for duty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandise may be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, etc., within the zone and re-exported without duties being paid. Duties are imposed on the merchandise (or items manufactured from the merchandise) only when the goods pass from the zone into an area of the country subject to the customs authority.
Term
Freeze Frame
Definition
Motion picture or video frame that is stopped so a single frame is displayed. See STOP MOTION.
Term
Freight
Definition
Properties, products, and other materials that are shipped.
Term
Freight Contractor
Definition
The event-designated company responsible for handling exhibit properties from the dock to the exhibit space.
Term
Freight Desk
Definition
A shipping company that typically handles international freight shipments. At an event, handles inbound and outbound exhibit materials.
Term
Freight Elevator Usage
Definition
Instructions on the allotment of a facility’s freight elevator’s space and time required for an event. This information should be included in the specifications guide for an event.
Term
Freight Forwarder
Definition
An independent business which handles export shipments for compensation. At the request of the shipper, the forwarder makes the actual arrangements and provides the necessary services for expediting the shipment to its overseas destination. The forwarder takes care of all documentation needed to move the shipment from origin to destination, making up and assembling the necessary documentation for submission to the bank in the exporter's name. The forwarder arranges for cargo insurance, makes the necessary overseas communications, and advises the shipper on overseas requirements of marking and labeling. The forwarder operates on a fee basis paid by the exporter and often receives an additional percentage of the freight charge from the common carrier. In the United States, an export freight forwarder must be licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission to handle ocean freight and by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to handle air freight. An ocean freight forwarder dispatches shipments from the United States via common carriers, books or arranges space for the shipments, and handles the shipping documentation. See INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT FORWARDER.
Term
Freight Handling Form
Definition
Form for exhibitor requesting handling of materials. Not to be confused with long haul shipping forms or bills of lading.
Term
French Hours
Definition
Not taking meal breaks. Taking breaks and eating as you work, as conditions permit.
Term
French Service - Banquet Style
Definition
Platters of food are composed in the kitchen. Each food item is then served from the guest's left by the server from platters to individual plates. Any course can be 'Frenched' by having the dressing put on the salad or having sauce added to a entrée or dessert after it has been placed in front of the guest. See FRENCH SERVICE - CART STYLE.
Term
French Service - Cart Style
Definition
This pattern of service involves the use of serving pieces (usually silver); heating and garnishing of food table-side by a captain; and the serving of food on a heated plate, which is then served to the guest by a server. Plated entrees are usually served from the right, bread and butter and salad from the left and beverages from the right. All are removed from the right. See FRENCH SERVICE - BANQUET STYLE.
Term
Frequency
Definition
Spacing in time of events. In audio signals, frequency refers to the cyclic repeat of vibrations. In wire, the vibrations are electrical variations. In air, the vibrations are changes in air pressure. The ear hears air pressure variations with frequencies between about 12 times per second and 20,000 times per second of 12 Hz (hertz) and 20 kHz (kilohertz).
Term
Frequency Rates
Definition
The amount of time between motorcoaches on a given route or at a specific location.
Term
Frequency Response
Definition
Measurement of how a device being measured responds to test signals of constant amplitude without regard to frequency, over a particular measurement range of frequencies. An electrical device whose specifications say it is “flat from 20Hz to 20kHz,” will not cause any amplitude deviation in signals fed through it over that frequency range, as a result of changing the frequency of the test signal.
Term
Fresnel Lens
Definition
Lens which produces a soft edged beam of light. Theatrical fixture with adjustable lens 150 W through 1500 W.
Term
Friday Casual
Definition
See DRESS CASUAL.
Term
Frisket
Definition
Technique of applying lettering or art to surface of rigid material by tracing outline on translucent paper; affixing the paper to surface or materials, cutting away paper within lettering spaces and then spraying color over surface. When balance of paper is removed, the lettering remains.
Term
Frites
Definition
(freets) French slang for French fried potatoes.
Term
Froid
Definition
Cold, chilled.
Term
Fromage
Definition
Cheese.
Term
Front Desk
Definition
1) Hotel registration area. 2) The center of event facility activities, including registration and cashier services.
Term
Front Office
Definition
The office situated in the hotel lobby, the main functions of which are: 1) control and sale of sleeping rooms; 2) providing key, mail and information service for guests; 3) keeping guest accounts, rendering bills and receiving payments; and 4) providing information to other departments.
Term
Front Projection
Definition
FP. Projection of an image onto the front surface of a light reflecting screen from a projector placed within or behind the audience.
Term
Frontages/Front Space
Definition
Refers to dimension across the front of an exhibit (for example, a 30' x 10' exhibit has 30' of front space and 10' depth).
Term
FSA
Definition
Fire Safety Act. In the United States, the aim of the Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990 is to save lives and protect property by promoting fire and life safety in hotels, motels and other places of public accommodation. The law mandates that federal employees on travel must stay in public accommodations that adhere to the life safety requirements in the legislation guidelines. It also states that federally funded meetings and conferences cannot be held in properties that do not comply with the law. This is applicable to all places of public accommodation, and requires that such properties are equipped with: hard-wired, single-station smoke detectors in each guestroom in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard 72; and, an automatic sprinkler system, with a sprinkler head in each guest room in compliance with NFPA standards 13 or 13R. Properties three stories or lower in height are exempt from the sprinkler requirement.
Term
FTP
Definition
File Transfer Protocol. The process of uploading websites or other data.
Term
Full American Plan
Definition
FAP. See AMERICAN PLAN (AP).
Term
Full Disclosure
Definition
Informing the party purchasing a product or service of any rebates, surcharges or commissions included in the price of the product or service before they are purchased.
Term
Full House
Definition
Closed; filled to capacity.
Term
Full-Booth Coverage
Definition
Carpet covering entire area of booth/stand.
Term
Full-Service Restaurant
Definition
A food service establishment that includes coffee shops, dinner houses, fine dining establishments, and theme restaurants with several menu selections and table service.
Term
Fume
Definition
(foo may) Smoked.
Term
Fumigation
Definition
To apply smoke, vapor, or gas to something for the purpose of disinfecting or of destroying pests. Fumigation is required in some countries for live plants and wooden packing.
Term
Function
Definition
1) Any of a group of related organized occasions that contribute to a larger event. 2) An activity or role assigned to an event planner (or other industry professional).
Term
Function Board
Definition
Announcements on facility board or video screen listing the day’s events, times and locations. See DIRECTORY. See Also READER BOARD.
Term
Function Book
Definition
Diary or log used to control and document the assignment of function space within a facility. May be computerized.
Term
Function Sheet
Definition
See BANQUET EVENT ORDER (BEO).
Term
Function Space
Definition
Area in a facility which can be reserved by a individual or entity to hold events.
Term
Fundamental
Definition
Any pure tone. The pitch remaining when all harmonics (overtones) are removed from a basic frequency or musical tone, producing a pure tone. An amplifier or audio circuit that can pass a pure tone without adding any harmonics of its own is said to have low harmonic distortion. Musical instruments usually produce tones rich in harmonics, giving each its particular sound or ”timbre.” Small loudspeakers will be heard to reproduce bass instruments even while producing little or no fundamental pitch because the ear and brain reconstruct the sound of the instrument based on prior knowledge of its timbre.
Term
Funnel Flight
Definition
Flight, with one flight number, requiring a change of planes at an intermediate stop.
Term
Furniture Dolly
Definition
See FLOAT.
Term
Fuse Head
Definition
An electrical igniter used to initiate a pyrotechnic effect. Sometimes called a Squib Head.
Term
Future Bookings
Definition
Events or meetings which are contractually committed to occur at a future date in a specific venue.
Term
G&A
Definition
General & Administrative. Expenses incurred by an organization that cannot be charged directly to a specific project account, i.e., overhead costs such as rent, etc.
Term
Gaffer
Definition
Electrician on a film or video shoot.
Term
Gaffer’s Tape
Definition
Fabric tape used in anchoring cables to the floor. See DUCT TAPE. See Also CARPET TAPE.
Term
Gain
Definition
Level of audio volume. See LEVEL.
Term
Gala Dinner
Definition
Primary social function of an event, usually in the evening, including entertainment or speeches after a formal meal.
Term
Galantine
Definition
Boned meat, pressed into symmetrical shape, that usually includes truffles. When the loaf is sliced, a decorative pattern is revealed. Served cold, generally as an appetizer.
Term
Galley Proof
Definition
Sheet of copy that has been typeset for the author to correct before printing.
Term
Gang Box
Definition
See TROUBLE BOX.
Term
Ganging Menus
Definition
When two or more groups in facility have the same menu.
Term
Gangway
Definition
Space between sets of tables, chairs or booths/stands to allow passage of attendees. See AISLE.
Term
Garcy Strip
Definition
Trade name of manufacturer that produces brackets and standards for the mounting or materials, usually shelves.
Term
Garlic
Definition
Pungent bulbs made of sections called cloves encased in a parchment like membrane. Garlic is a cousin to leeks, chives, onions and shallots.
Term
Garment Rack
Definition
Frame which holds apparel. See COSTUMER.
Term
Garni
Definition
See GARNISH.
Term
Garni Hotel
Definition
Hotel without dining facilities.
Term
Garnish
Definition
Food decoration, usually edible, which adds color and form to food presentation. Also Called GARNI.
Term
Gate Show
Definition
Exhibition open to the public usually requiring an entrance fee. See CONSUMER SHOW. See Also PUBLIC SHOW. Compare With TRADE SHOW.
Term
Gateau
Definition
(gah toe) Cake.
Term
Gateway
Definition
A dedicated computer that attaches to two or more disparate networks and converts data packets from one form to another.
Term
Gateway City
Definition
City with an international airport.
Term
Gator Foam
Definition
Laminated foam board used for signage, available in a variety of thicknesses. More rigid and durable than FOAM CORE.
Term
GATT
Definition
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. A multilateral treaty whose purpose is to help reduce trade barriers between the signatory countries and to promote trade through tariff concessions.
Term
Gel
Definition
1) Theatrical color filter used in conjunction with theatrical projection fixtures and spotlights. 2) Gelatin.
Term
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Definition
GATT. A multilateral treaty whose purpose is to help reduce trade barriers between the signatory countries and to promote trade through tariff concessions.
Term
General Assembly
Definition
General and formal meeting of an association, club, organization or company attended by a specified proportion at least of its members for the purpose of deciding legislative direction, policy matters, the election of internal committees and approval of balance sheets, budgets and the like. An assembly generally observes certain fixed rules of procedure.
Term
General Export License
Definition
Any of various licenses covering export commodities for which validated export licenses are not required. No formal application or written authorization is needed to ship exports under a general export license.
Term
General Liability Insurance
Definition
An insurance policy that provides protection against claims involving bodily injury and property damage to third parties.
Term
General Service Contractor
Definition
GSC. An organization that provides event management and exhibitors with a wide range of services, sometimes including, but not limited to, Installation & Dismantle, creating and hanging signage and banners, laying carpet, drayage, and providing booth/stand furniture. See DECORATOR.
Term
General Session
Definition
A meeting open to all those in attendance at a event. See PLENARY SESSION.
Term
General Strike
Definition
A simultaneous strike by the unionized workers in all trades and industries in a geographic area. Also, a strike by all the unionized workers in one industry.
Term
Genie Lift
Definition
The manufacturer of a variety of lifts used in the erection of event displays. The first model manufactured was a hand-cranked material handling lift. Also Called HURTY GURTY. Genie now also manufactures motorized lifts that can be used as material lifts or man lifts.
Term
Geographic Segmentation
Definition
The arbitrary division of a market by country, region, state, zone, district, standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA), city, etc.
Term
Gerber
Definition
Machine for cutting vinyl lettering used in making signs.
Term
Get-Together
Definition
A planned informal gathering that occurs during an event which offers an opportunity for social interchange.
Term
Ghee
Definition
Clarified butter.
Term
GIF
Definition
A common format for bitmapped image files, suitable for images containing large areas of the same color.
Term
Gig
Definition
A slang term meaning an engagement or booking.
Term
GIT
Definition
See GROUP INCLUSIVE TOUR.
Term
Given Name
Definition
Preferred form for international registration documents in place of first name. Same as FIRST NAME. Compare to FAMILY NAME.
Term
Glaçe
Definition
1) Ice. 2) Ice cream. 3) Iced.
Term
Glass Beaded Screen
Definition
Screen whose surface is covered with tiny glass beads which reflect a bright image back toward the audience, but have a narrow viewing angle.
Term
Global Partner
Definition
A worldwide associate who joins in an activity or business with another or others.
Term
Glossy
Definition
1) A black-and-white or color photograph printed on glossy paper, used to promote a speaker or celebrity. 2) Common term for photographs reproduced on high gloss paper.
Term
GMT
Definition
Greenwich Mean Time. Time on the line of longitude that passes through Greenwich, England, used as a basis for calculating time throughout the world. See ZULU TIME.
Term
Gnocchi
Definition
Pasta made from potatoes; potato dumplings served in a red tomato based sauce.
Term
Go to Black
Definition
Room lights are turned off or video screen becomes black. See FADE-OUT.
Term
Goblet
Definition
Glass with stem and foot.
Term
Gobo
Definition
A pre-cut, etched pattern fabricated from metal or glass that fits in the focal plane of a lighting instrument to form projected light into a shape (logo, graphic or even scenery). Templates can form light images on ceilings and walls. The pattern or template can be used in a projection type spotlight, to project decorative patterns on the walls. The "Bat" image from "Batman" is an example.
Term
Good Faith Effort
Definition
A true and honest effort to uphold the law.
Term
Good One Side
Definition
Plywood whose face side is free of blemishes.
Term
Goods and Services Tax
Definition
Fee imposed on the sale of goods and services.
Term
Gooseneck Light
Definition
Small (75 to 150 watt) spot light with flexible stem.
Term
Goulash
Definition
Hungarian meat dish seasoned with paprika
Term
Government Meeting
Definition
An event at which attendees are civil servants, elected officials or service providers to governmental entities.
Term
Governmental Conference
Definition
Technical or political events between governments with the aim of discussing national or international topics.
Term
Grandstands
Definition
Tiered or stepped seating facilities wherein an area of more than 3 square feet is provided per person.
Term
Granitee
Definition
A coarse-textured sorbet.
Term
Grant
Definition
Money obtained from organizations or authorities to underwrite or support a specific program or project.
Term
Graphics
Definition
Communicative elements such as color, copy, art, photographs, translites, etc. used to illustrate a booth/stand theme or enhance decor.
Term
Gras
Definition
(grah) Fat.
Term
Gratuity
Definition
A voluntary payment added to a bill (e.g. a restaurant check), to signify good service. See SERVICE CHARGE.
Term
Gray Water
Definition
Non-drinkable water, not potable.
Term
Grazing
Definition
Nibbling on food.
Term
Green Room
Definition
Room, stocked with refreshments, for artists, featured speakers and entourage to meet guests and media representatives. See HOLDING ROOM. See Also READY ROOM.
Term
Greenwich Mean Time
Definition
GMT. Time on the line of longitude that passes through Greenwich, England used as a basis for calculating time throughout the world. See ZULU TIME.
Term
Greeter
Definition
A person who meets or receives another person/persons in a specified way.
Term
Grid System
Definition
Technique of providing system of structural supports, electrical conduit, etc., on a pattern of centers. Also used for ceilings.
Term
Grievance
Definition
1) An employee's or employer's dissatisfaction or cause of distress (as an unsatisfactory working condition or unfair labor practice) felt to afford a reason for complaint or dispute. 2) A violation of a collective bargaining agreement usually by the employer.
Term
Grille
Definition
Grilled or broiled.
Term
Grip
Definition
Stagehand who assists master carpenter.
Term
Grits
Definition
Ground hominy (corn) .
Term
Grommet
Definition
Rubber, metal or plastic element for reinforcing holes in weaker materials.
Term
Gross
Definition
For speakers, the total fee a buyer is charged for a booking, including agents’ fees, but excluding speaker expenses (air and ground transportation, tips, hotels, and meals). Bureau commissions are not paid on expenses.
Term
Gross Square Feet/Meters
Definition
gsf or gsm. 1) Total amount of available function space in exhibit hall or other facility. 2) Total amount of space used for a specific show or event. See NET SQUARE FEET/METERS.
Term
Gross Weight
Definition
The full weight of a shipment, including goods and packaging. See TARE WEIGHT, ACTUAL WEIGHT
Term
Ground Loop
Definition
Electrical circuit where two or more paths to ground (true 0 volts) have different voltages as a result of current flow through wiring or chassis elements. The minute voltages on some ground legs may find their way into equipment input circuits and be amplified, causing hum, buzzing or in the worst case, inaudible high frequency oscillations, sometime at high power levels, that can ultimately cause destruction of tweeter voice coils or even burn out amplifiers.
Term
Ground Operator
Definition
Company or person in a city handling local transportation and other local travel needs. See DESTINATION MANAGEMENT COMPANY (DMC).
Term
Ground Support
Definition
Lifts, trusses, pipe or other freestanding devices used to raise sound, lighting or other equipment above the heads of attendees and to support it from the floor.
Term
Ground Transfer
Definition
The movement of passengers, in a vehicle, on a tract of land, from one point to another.
Term
Groundrow
Definition
Freestanding low scenery or painted cutout giving illusion of depth used to mask mechanical or electrical devices.
Term
Group Arrivals/Departures
Definition
Information included in the specifications guide for an event that outlines approximate dates and times at which groups of event attendees can be expected to arrive at a facility (hotel) for check-in or check-out. This is intended to give the facility notice in order to prepare for front desk staffing.
Term
Group Booking
Definition
Reservation for a block of sleeping rooms specifically for a group.
Term
Group Inclusive Tour
Definition
GIT. Travel program with a special fare and specific requirements (e.g. a minimum number of persons traveling as a group throughout the TOUR).
Term
Group Rate
Definition
Confirmed rate extended to attendees booking their sleeping room accommodations as part of a group room block.
Term
Group Tour
Definition
A prearranged, prepaid travel program for a group usually including transportation and attraction admissions. May or may not include meals. See Tour.
Term
Group Travel
Definition
Participants depart on the same conveyance and follow the same schedule of activities.
Term
Group Travel Agency
Definition
Company specializing in planning and handling group travel.
Term
Gruyère Cheese
Definition
(grew yayre) A Swiss cheese used to make fondue.
Term
GSF
Definition
See GROSS SQUARE FEET.
Term
GST
Definition
Goods and services taxes.
Term
Guarantee
Definition
A promise of commitment to provide a minimum amount of sleeping rooms, F&B, or other revenues. Usually there is financial liability if the commitment is not met. The final number of persons to be served is usually required at least 48 hours in advance of a food & beverage event.
Term
Guaranteed Late Arrival
Definition
Sleeping room that is guaranteed by credit card or advance payment in the event a guest's arrival is later than a hotel's pre-determined arrival time
Term
Guaranteed Payment
Definition
A hotel reservation secured by the guests' agreement to pay for his room whether he uses it or not.
Term
Guaranteed Reservation
Definition
Pre-paid reservation held until agreed arrival time, or check-out time the next day, whichever occurs first. Guest is responsible for payment if reservation is not cancelled.
Term
Guaranteed Tour
Definition
A TOUR guaranteed to operate unless cancelled before an established cut-off date.
Term
Guest
Definition
1) A person who pays for the services of an establishment such as a hotel. 2) A person who accompanies an attendee to an event. This person can be a spouse, significant other, child, etc.
Term
Guest Program
Definition
Educational and/or social events planned for spouses and guests of event participants.
Term
Guest Speech
Definition
Paper or speech on a specific subject submitted at the request of an event’s organizers. See INVITED PAPER.
Term
Guide
Definition
Person accompanying a tour and giving detailed knowledge of places of interest.
Term
Guided Tour
Definition
A sightseeing trip conducted by a guide.
Term
Gumbo
Definition
A Creole specialty, it's a thick, stewlike dish that can have any of many ingredients, including vegetables such as okra, tomatoes and onions, and one or several meats or shellfish such as chicken, sausage, ham, shrimp, crab or oysters.
Term
Gusset
Definition
In construction, a triangular reinforcement or brace in corners of panels or framing.
Term
Halal
Definition
Food prepared according to Islamic Law. Halal food is defined as food that: does not consist of or contain anything which is considered to be unlawful; has not been prepared, processed, transported or stored using any appliance or facility that was not free from anything unlawful; and, has not in the course of preparation, processing, transportation or storage been in direct contact with any food that fails to satisfy the first two conditions. In addition, Halal food can be prepared, processed or stored in different sections or lines within the same premises where non-Halal foods are produced, provided that necessary measures are taken to prevent any contact between Halal and non Halal foods. Halal foods can also be prepared, processed, transported or stored using facilities that have been previously used for non Halal foods provided that proper cleaning procedures have been observed.
Term
Half Moon Set-Up
Definition
A seating arrangement in which 60-, 66- or 72-inch (152-, 168- and 183-centimeter) diameter rounds have seats on two-thirds to three-quarters of the table and no seats with their backs to the speaker. Used for banquet-to-meeting or meeting-to-banquet quick set. See CRESCENT-ROUND SET-UP.
Term
Half Moon Table
Definition
Half of a round table, or two quarter-round tables attached to make a half circle. See HALF-ROUND.
Term
Half-Round
Definition
A semi-circular table.
Term
Halftone
Definition
Photograph that has been prepared for single color reproduction.
Term
Hall
Definition
A place of public assembly or used for exhibits; usually refers to a large function space.
Term
Halon Fire Extinguisher
Definition
A fire extinguisher generally used on computers and electronic fires. It should not hurt the computer or destroy silicon chips. It is classed as a hypo-thermal chemical fire extinguisher.
Term
Hand Carry
Definition
Items that an exhibitor is allowed to carry unaided into a event facility without being charged.
Term
Hand Service
Definition
One server is assigned for each two guests. Servers wear white gloves. When serving, they stand behind their guests holding two composed plates. When the signal is given, all guests are served at the same time.
Term
Hand Truck
Definition
Small hand-propelled implement with two wheels and two handles used for transporting small loads. See WHEELER/WHEELIE.
Term
Handling
Definition
Moving of materials, usually to and from a loading dock.
Term
Handout
Definition
Informative or educational material given to the audience at the speaker’s presentation. Handouts often are in flyer form. The term, however, refers to any material that is handed out to the audience.
Term
Hands-On Participation
Definition
Demonstration of a product of service in which people actively participate with the product or service.
Term
Hard Card
Definition
1) Work order for labor or services. 2) Material handling contractor’s record of materials received or shipped.
Term
Hard Data
Definition
See QUANTITATIVE DATA.
Term
Hard Wire
Definition
Electrical connections that are other than receptacle to receptacle. These are charged on a time plus materials basis.
Term
Hardwall
Definition
A type of exhibit construction in which the walls are of solid material, rather than fabric.
Term
Hardwall Booth/Stand
Definition
Booth/stand constructed with plastic, plywood or similar material as opposed to booth/stand formed by drapery only.
Term
Haricots Verts
Definition
(harry co vare) Very small green (string) beans.
Term
Harmonic Distortion
Definition
Distortion which is harmonically related to the fundamental signal fed through an audio circuit or system. Harmonic distortion is characterized by a harsh sound that ranges from a slight edge on some of the high-frequency components of a musical program, to the fuzz associated with electric guitar effects pedals.
Term
Harmonized Code
Definition
Commodity number assigned to goods shipped internationally. Also referred to as a Schedule B number.
Term
Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature
Definition
An international system for classifying goods in international trade and for specifying the tariffs on those goods. It was adopted at the beginning of 1989, replacing the previously used schedules in over 50 countries, including the Brussels Tariff Nomenclature.
Term
Haute Cuisine
Definition
Food that is prepared in an elegant or elaborate manner; the very finest food, prepared perfectly. The French word haute translates as "high" or "superior."
Term
Hazard
Definition
A condition that increases the likelihood that a loss will be more severe.
Term
HCEA
Definition
Healthcare Convention and Exhibitors Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Head
Definition
1) Front or first, e.g. HEAD TABLE. 2) Pan-tilt device on which a camera is mounted.
Term
Head Count
Definition
Actual number of people attending a catered function. See AUDIENCE COUNT. See Also COVERS.
Term
Head Table
Definition
Table used to seat VIPs, speakers, and other dignitaries, often elevated on a dais or stage. See DAIS. See Also VIP.
Term
Head Tax
Definition
Fee charged arriving and departing passengers in some foreign countries.
Term
Header
Definition
1) FASCIA. 2) Overhead illuminated display sign. 3) A sign or other structure across top of exhibit. Usually displays company name.
Term
Headquarters
Definition
Facility, as the center of operations, where registration, general sessions, and conference staff office are located.
Term
Headroom
Definition
Reserve voltage or power level in an audio deice or system. The difference in levels between the normal or “nominal” operating levels and the peak clean (undistorted) available levels. See NOMINAL OPERATING LEVEL.
Term
Heads in Beds
Definition
Term that refers to sleeping rooms in a hotel actually occupied by guests.
Term
Headset
Definition
Headphone with a built-in microphone.
Term
Health Warning
Definition
Decree issued by the World Health Organization warning travelers of the outbreak of a communicable disease in a given area.
Term
Heel and Toe
Definition
To staple forming folds with sateen or other decorative material. A method of pleating.
Term
Herringbone Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which chairs are arranged in rows slanted in a V shape and separated by a center aisle. They face the head table or speaker. See CHEVRON SET-UP. See Also V-SHAPE SET-UP.
Term
Hertz
Definition
(Hz) Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
Term
HI LOW
Definition
See FORKLIFT/FORKTRUCK.
Term
Hidden Charge
Definition
Unbudgeted or undisclosed expense or charge.
Term
Hide-A-Bed
Definition
A sofa that opens to make a bed. Also Called SOFA BED.
Term
High Drape
Definition
High drape is any drape over 8’ high which requires special equipment. High drape is used to create dramatic areas such as stages or special focal points. Typically, high drape is dark blue velour and is 16’ to 19’ high, although vinyl or 11’ banjo drape in blue and other colors is often used. All high drape needs to be anchored securely on its framework to ensure it cannot fall.
Term
High Jacker
Definition
Equipment capable of lifting a person or persons to a given height. See CHERRY PICKER. See Also MAN LIFT, JLG, SCISSORS LIFT, GENIE LIFT, HI LOW, FORKLIFT/FORTRUCK.
Term
High Season
Definition
Period when the demand for a supplier’s product or service is highest. Prices general increase in high season. Also Called PEAK SEASON. Compare With LOW SEASON.
Term
Highball Glass
Definition
Traditional tall glass for an alcoholic mixed drink.
Term
High-Key Lighting
Definition
Lighting in which picture intensity produces limited dark areas.
Term
High-Level Crossover
Definition
See PASSIVE CROSSOVER.
Term
High-Tech Visuals
Definition
Visual presentations involving sophisticated and frequently complicated equipment such as lasers, multi-image, and mixed media equipment.
Term
Hire
Definition
International term referring to “rent” a service or product.
Term
Hiring Cost
Definition
The price paid by the organizer to the owner of the event facility.
Term
Hiss
Definition
Unwanted random noise associated with audio tape, unmodulated record grooves and noisy amplifiers and other audio circuitry. In circuitry, hiss is caused by the thermal activity of the molecules in the materials of which that electronic component parts are made.
Term
History
Definition
Record of an event over time.
Term
Hoison Sauce
Definition
Chinese sauce used on Peking Duck.
Term
Hold Harmless
Definition
A type of indemnity clause that requires one party to fully protect the other from a claim asserted. This would include the payment of costs or attorney fees.
Term
Holding Room
Definition
A room backstage where speakers wait to go on. See READY ROOM.
Term
Hollandaise Sauce
Definition
Sauce of egg yolks, clarified butter, lemon juice and spices. Served on vegetables (e.g. Asparagus with Hollandaise Sauce) or on Eggs Benedict.
Term
Hollow Circle Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement of tables and/or chairs all facing each other in a single circle.
Term
Hollow Square Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement of tables set in a square (or rectangle) with chairs placed around the outside of the table. Center (inside) table is hollow.
Term
Hologram
Definition
A photographic effect using lasers to obtain a three dimensional image on a flat surface.
Term
Homard
Definition
(oh mard) Lobster. A true lobster has two front claws. Most 'lobster tails' come from Rock Lobster or Spiny Lobster, which are actually a large variety of crawfish.
Term
Honorarium
Definition
Voluntary payment made for services where no fee is legally required.
Term
Honorary
Definition
Non-paid, generally referring to an appointment within a committee or group and in recognition of expertise or services rendered.
Term
Horizontal Show
Definition
An exhibition at which the products or services being displayed represent all segments of an industry or profession. See EXHIBITION. See Also VERTICAL SHOW.
Term
Hors d'Oeuvres
Definition
Small appetizers; Hot and/or cold finger foods served at a reception.
Term
Horseshoe Set-Up
Definition
Tables set up in rounded U shape with chairs placed outside. Chairs inside if needed. See U-SHAPE SET-UP.
Term
Hospitality Program
Definition
Plan for receiving and entertaining guests in a friendly and generous manner.
Term
Hospitality Suite/Event
Definition
1) Room or suite of rooms used to entertain guests. 2) An event in the United States usually separate from the exhibit, in which refreshments are served and exhibitor personnel and visitors socialize.
Term
Host
Definition
On a network, any computer that is a repository for services available to other computers on the network.
Term
Host
Definition
An association, corporate body, town, country or other such party that invites an event to take place within or under its jurisdiction or its financial responsibility.
Term
Host Bar
Definition
Private room bar set up where guests do not pay for drinks. See OPEN BAR. See Also SPONSORED BAR.
Term
Host Country
Definition
Country that invites an event to take place within or under its jurisdiction.
Term
Hot Camera
Definition
Camera that is turned on.
Term
Hot Spot
Definition
Undesirable concentration of light on one area of slide or film.
Term
Hot Tag VIP
Definition
Luggage tagged for special handling.
Term
Hotel Accommodation
Definition
Sleeping Room(s) at a hotel and rooming arrangements; usually specifying the hotel classification in terms of its amenities, facilities, level of service and cost.
Term
Hotel Classifications
Definition
There is no official classification or accepted rating system for U.S. hotels, but the following definitions are generally understood: BUDGET - Budget hotels and motels are reasonably priced accommodations and are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. lodging industry. In general they provide a room with a bed, TV, telephone and shower as well as free parking. They often do not have room service or a restaurant. DELUXE - a top-grade hotel, all rooms have a private bath; all the usual public rooms and services are provided a high standard of decor and services is maintained. FIRST CLASS and LUXURY - Many luxury hotels in the U.S. exist in large cities, offering a number of special services to the business and leisure traveler. A U.S. first class hotel offers, for example, first rate restaurants, banquet and conference rooms, valet service, room service, cable TV and complimentary morning newspapers. MODERATE - These hotels account for nearly 75% of available U.S. hotel rooms. They have on-site restaurants, bar and perhaps conference rooms, as well as the basic services. TOURIST ECONOMY or SECOND CLASS - Budget operations; most have private baths; services may be very limited.
Term
Hotel Reservation
Definition
A contract between the hotel to provide a guest room on certain dates and rate and the guest who agrees to use the hotel on the specified dates at the agreed upon rate (and any other terms). If the guest breaches the reservation contract by being a no-show or failing to cancel on time, the hotel is owed damages. The usual term is the payment of one-night's room rate (they shouldn't charge you if they sell out. They also shouldn't charge tax unless required by state or local law). See DISHONORED RESERVATION.
Term
Hotel Show
Definition
An exhibition held in a hotel. See EXHIBITION.
Term
Hotel/Motel Tax
Definition
See TRANSIENT OCCUPANCY TAX.
Term
House
Definition
A synonym for hotel commonly used within the industry. Examples are: full house, house count, house income, house bank and house charge.
Term
House Account
Definition
Term for internal accounting by the facility to cover incidental expenses not chargeable to the event or another hotel account.
Term
House Board
Definition
Switch panel from which all electrical fixtures are operated.
Term
House Brand
Definition
Brand of wine or distilled spirits selected by a hotel or restaurant as their standard when no specific brand is specified.
Term
House Count
Definition
Number of guests or sleeping rooms actually occupied on a particular night.
Term
House Lights
Definition
Lighting of room separate from stage lighting.
Term
House Manager
Definition
Person in charge of the auditorium side of a facility and not the stage production.
Term
House Plan
Definition
Diagram depicting the function space in a facility or the entire facility.
Term
House Wine
Definition
Brand of wine selected by a hotel or restaurant as their standard when no specific brand is specified.
Term
Housekeeping
Definition
Facility department charged with maintaining and cleaning a venue.
Term
Housekeeping Announcements
Definition
Announcements about schedule changes, locations of functions, and similar program information.
Term
Housekeeping Instructions
Definition
Special directions to a facility’s housekeeping department from an event organizer that apply to that event and its attendees. Can include information such as the best time frame for refreshing sleeping rooms.
Term
Houseman
Definition
Service-staff member who handles function-room set up and tear down. See BANQUET SET-UP.
Term
Housing
Definition
Shelter or lodging.
Term
Housing Bureau
Definition
Organization that provides reservation services for a group and its attendees.
Term
Housing Form
Definition
Form used by event attendees to make reservations at an event-contracted hotel or housing facility.
Term
Housing Priority Points
Definition
A system used by some event organizers to assign guest rooms in housing facilities or floor space in an exhibition where preferred locations are given to those exhibitors or sub-blocks with higher priority points. Points are also often awarded for consecutive years of attendance/exhibiting, early registration for an event, sponsorship levels, etc. Points are often earned (primarily by exhibitors or exhibiting companies) by booking guest room reservations within the Event Contracted Block (ECB). See Also EVENT CONTRACTED BLOCK, SUB-BLOCK.
Term
Housing Report
Definition
Document detailing housing utilization (reservations, pickup, etc.).
Term
HSMAI
Definition
Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Hub & Spoke Tour
Definition
A TOUR that utilizes a central destination with side trips of varying length to nearby destinations.
Term
Hub Airport
Definition
An airport used as a central point for passengers to make flight connections and for carriers to have maintenance facilities.
Term
Hudson’s Stages of Developmental Learning
Definition
Stages of learning that one encounters throughout a lifetime; the priorities present in each stage affect the way a person learns.
Term
Hue
Definition
Color or shade.
Term
Human Arrow
Definition
A person who holds signage, greets guests, presents an enthusiastic demeanor, gives directions and keeps people moving in the right direction.
Term
Humanist
Definition
A learner who seeks education in order to change his/her value structure and achieve personal goals.
Term
Hurty Gurty
Definition
See GENIE LIFT.
Term
Hush Puppies
Definition
Small, round, fried cornbread with onions and spices, usually served with fish.
Term
HVAC
Definition
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. See A/C.
Term
Hypertext
Definition
Text that links to another file and can be selected (clicked on) to go to another document, image or FTP (download) site.
Term
Hz
Definition
Hertz. Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
Term
I&D
Definition
Installation & Dismantle. 1) The set-up and teardown of exhibits. 2) Firm that does I&D work. See ERECTION.
Term
IAAM
Definition
International Association of Assembly Managers. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
IAAMC
Definition
International Association of Association Management Companies.
Term
IAAPA
Definition
International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions.
Term
IACC
Definition
International Association of Conference Centers. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
IACET
Definition
International Association for Continuing Education and Training.
Term
IACVB
Definition
International Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
IAEM
Definition
International Association for Exhibition Management. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
IAHMP
Definition
International Association of Hispanic Meeting Planners.
Term
IAMAT
Definition
International Association for Medical Assistance for Travelers.
Term
IASB
Definition
International Association of Speakers Bureaus. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
IATA
Definition
1) (Pronounced ‘eye’-AH-ta’.) International Air Transport Association.
Term
IATA #
Definition
Identification (or membership) number of travel agents who receive commission.
Term
IATSE
Definition
International Association of Theatrical Stage Employees.
Term
Ice Carving
Definition
Decorative carving from large block(s) of ice used to enhance a buffet or reception table.
Term
Ice Wine
Definition
A dessert wine made by picking grapes that are frozen on the vine and pressing them before they thaw. Because the water in the grapes is frozen, the juice is concentrated, rich in flavor and high in sugar and acid. Ice wines are renowned in Germany, where they're called Eiswein (pronounced ICE-vine).
Term
ICPA
Definition
Insurance Conference Planners Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
ICW
Definition
In Conjunction With. An event or function that occurs because of another event.
Term
ID Sign
Definition
Exhibit booth/stand identification sign.
Term
Idiot Card
Definition
Cue card which displays script to performers on stage in order to prompt lines. See CAMERA CARD. See Also CUE CARD.
Term
IEA
Definition
International Exhibitors Association.
Term
IFSEA
Definition
International Food Service Executives Association.
Term
IHO
Definition
In honor of.
Term
Illuminations
Definition
Lighting available in hall, built into exhibit, or available on a rental basis.
Term
Illusion Mirror
Definition
Generally translucent mirror, which reflects when confronted with light source and is transparent when rear illuminated.
Term
I-Mag
Definition
See IMAGE MAGNIFICATION.
Term
Image Magnification
Definition
Technology by which presenter’s image is projected onto a large screen, allowing large audiences to see details from the stage. Also called I-Mag.
Term
Immigration
Definition
The process by which a government official verifies a person’s passport, visa or birth certificate.
Term
Impaired Vision Seating
Definition
View of stage, from audience seating, which is blocked. See OBSTRUCTED VIEW.
Term
Impedance
Definition
Total amount of opposition to the flow of alternating currents in an electrical circuit which may comprise resistance, capacitance, inductance or reactance.
Term
Import
Definition
To bring international goods into a country. In international sales, the importer is usually the buyer or an intermediary who accepts and transmits goods to the buyer. Compare With EXPORT.
Term
Import License
Definition
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing the importation of goods into their individual countries.
Term
In Conjunction With
Definition
ICW. An event or function that occurs because of another event.
Term
In Sync
Definition
Sound and picture are synchronized or matched perfectly.
Term
Inauguration Ceremony
Definition
A ceremony which marks the official beginning of a public event or at which officers of an organization officially assume their responsibilities. Often includes an address by a dignitary and possibly some form of dedication or token event such as cutting a ribbon, passing a gavel, laying a cornerstone or planting a tree.
Term
Inbound Tour
Definition
A group of travelers whose trip originated in another city or country. See INBOUND TOUR OPERATOR. Compare With OUTBOUND TOUR.
Term
Inbound Tour Operator
Definition
A tour operator or travel agent who specializes in services for incoming visitors. Same As RECEPTIVE OPERATOR. See INBOUND TOUR.
Term
Inbound Transfer
Definition
To move or travel toward a destination.
Term
Incentive
Definition
Reward offered to stimulate greater effort.
Term
Incentive Event
Definition
A reward event intended to showcase persons who meet or exceed sales or production goals.
Term
Incentive Travel
Definition
A travel reward given by companies to employees to stimulate productivity.
Term
Incentive Travel Company
Definition
Company which designs and handles some or all elements of incentive travel programs.
Term
Incident Report
Definition
A document prepared to record information including time, date, location, parties involved, witnesses, and nature or description of an incident. See ACCIDENT REPORT.
Term
Incidental Entertainment
Definition
Performers who must be watched to be appreciated, such as mimes, jugglers, dancers, and acrobats. See SIGHT ACTS.
Term
Incidentals
Definition
Expenses other than room and tax, billed to a guest’s account (e.g. phone, room service, etc.).
Term
In-City Transport
Definition
The means of traveling within a city.
Term
Inclusive
Definition
Price charged clients that includes all applicable gratuities and consumption taxes.
Term
Inclusive Cost
Definition
Quoted cost; no extra costs to be added. Usually refers to tax and gratuity for food and beverage functions.
Term
Inclusive Rate
Definition
1) The amount charged for a room, usually including breakfast (or other meals), taxes and service charge. See FULL AMERICAN PLAN(FAP). See Also MODIFIED AMERICAN PLAN (MAP). 2) When applied to food or beverage, includes taxes, gratuities and/or service charges.
Term
Inclusive Tour
Definition
A TOUR that includes all elements of an itinerary transportation, lodging, meals, porterage, sightseeing, etc., for a pre-established price. The terms and conditions of a tour contract should specify exactly what is covered.
Term
Income Statement
Definition
A statement of revenues and expenses. Also known as a profit & loss statement.
Term
Indemnification Clause
Definition
A contract clause in which one party agrees to pay damages or claims that the other party may be required to pay to another. For example, if a hotel is sued by an attendee that is injured at an event due to the fault of the group, an indemnification clause might require the group to pay back the hotel. Some times the law requires one party to indemnify another even without a specific clause. Generally, the terms of the clause will be followed over the state law. See HOLD HARMLESS.
Term
Independent Contractor
Definition
Person contractually retained by another (other than as an employer) to perform specific tasks. The other person has no control over the independent contractor other than as provided in the contract. In the context of group travel, a tour manager or tour brochure designer/writer might be retained in this capacity.
Term
Independent Service Contractor
Definition
Any company, other than the designated “official” contractors, providing services (display installation and dismantling, models/demonstrations, florist, photographer, audiovisual, etc.) employed by the exhibitor needing access to an exhibit any time during installation, event dates, and/or dismantling.
Term
Independent Show Management Company
Definition
1) A contractor hired by an exhibitor to perform event services independent of event management-appointed contractors. See EXHIBITOR APPOINTED CONTRACTOR (EAC). 2) Any individual or company hired to perform event services on a contract basis.
Term
Independent Union
Definition
Labor union not affiliated with organizations e.g. Congress of Industrial Organizations or the American Federation of Labor.
Term
Indirect Costs
Definition
Also called overhead or administrative costs, these are expenses not directly related to the event. They can include salaries, rent, and building and equipment maintenance.
Term
Indirect Spending
Definition
Spending by a host destination’s travel industry businesses on goods and services from local suppliers on behalf of a specific event. See Also DIRECT SPENDING, ECONOMIC IMPACT, & INDUCED SPENDING.
Term
Individualized Learning Patterns
Definition
Learning activities that the learner completes by him/herself.
Term
Induced Spending
Definition
Occurs when employees in a host destination’s travel industry and its suppliers spend their wages in the local economy. This chain of buying and selling among businesses and employees continues until the original direct spending leaks out of the local economy. See Also DIRECT SPENDING, INDIRECT SPENDING, & ECONOMIC IMPACT.
Term
Inducements
Definition
Marketing tools or programs used to influence buying patterns and build customer loyalty.
Term
Inductance
Definition
Term used to describe the electrical property of an inductor. A mechanical analogy of an inductor is an electrical spring; the inductor can store electrical energy fed into it and return it directly back into the circuit. The inductor tends to block the flow of AC currents depending on their frequency and to pass DC currents.
Term
Induction Loop
Definition
Inductive transmitter for hearing aids, closed electric circuit within a building or auditorium which relays sound to a hearing aid.
Term
Industrial Show
Definition
See VERTICAL SHOW. See Also HORIZONTAL SHOW.
Term
Informal Dress
Definition
Business suits or jackets with shirts and ties for men and day dresses or suits for women; usually taken to mean office and not recreational wear. Can include informal forms of national dress.
Term
Informal Meeting
Definition
Informal gathering, not necessarily social.
Term
Information Desk
Definition
Stand at which an official gives information.
Term
Infrasonic
Definition
Sound at frequencies generally considered too low to be heard (sounds in the range of 1 to 15 Hertz). Infrasonic sound can be felt if its power level is sufficiently high and can cause nervousness and/or fatigue and disorientation in people exposed to it.
Term
Infringement
Definition
Use of floor space outside exclusive booth/stand area.
Term
Inherent Vice
Definition
An insurance term referring to any defect or other characteristic of a product that could result in damage to the product without external cause. For example, instability in a chemical that could cause it to explode spontaneously. Insurance policies may specifically exclude losses caused by inherent vice.
Term
Inherently Flame Resistant
Definition
Material that is permanently flame resistant without chemical treatment.
Term
In-House
Definition
1) Company’s travel reservations and ticketing occur in the company’s travel department staffed by the company’s own personnel. 2) Services offered the client that are directly provided by the company’s own personnel, as opposed to being subcontracted. 3) A guest who is present, i.e. if 300 rooms are occupied, there are 300 guests in house.
Term
In-House Contractor
Definition
Contractor retained by a facility to be on-site and provide services as needed. In some cases, Planners are not required to use their services, but may be charged a surcharge or facility fee for bringing in an outside contractor for the same service. See EXCLUSIVE CONTRACTOR.
Term
In-House Service
Definition
Service provided directly and entirely within the property.
Term
Injection Modeling
Definition
Method of protecting exhibit properties.
Term
Inland Bill of Lading
Definition
A Bill of Lading (B/L) used in transporting goods overland to the exporter's international carrier. Although a bill of lading can sometimes be used, it is usually necessary to prepare both an inland bill of lading and an ocean bill of lading for export shipments. See AIR WAYBILL. See Also BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.
Term
Inline Booth/Stand
Definition
Exhibit space with exhibit booths on either side and back. See INSIDE BOOTH/STAND.
Term
In-Plant
Definition
Company’s travel reservations and ticketing occur in the company’s travel department staffed by travel agency’s personnel.
Term
Input Level
Definition
Level in units such as dB, volts or watts that a particular piece of electronic equipment receives at its input. Input levels are alternately described as nominal (the normal operating level) or maximum (the level above which distortion occurs).
Term
Inquiry Card
Definition
A card, collected from attendees, requesting information about exhibitors. See LEAD.
Term
INS
Definition
Marks chalked on the floor showing where drapes are to be hung.
Term
Insert
Definition
1 ) Matted or framed portion of a picture. 2) Additional shot added to a scene at a later time. 3) Interchangeable copy or art panels.
Term
Inside Booth/Stand
Definition
Exhibit space with exhibit booths/stands on both sides and back. See INLINE BOOTH/STAND.
Term
Inside Marketer
Definition
Sales rep: employee of speaker.
Term
Inspection Trip
Definition
See FAMILIARIZATION TRIP (FAM TRIP). See Also SITE INSPECTION.
Term
Installation
Definition
Setting up exhibit booth/stand and materials according to instructions and drawings.
Term
Installation & Dismantle
Definition
I&D. 1) The set-up and teardown of exhibits. 2) Firm that does I&D work. See ERECTION.
Term
Installer
Definition
Skilled labor used to set up displays at events. The union affiliation of the installer will vary based upon the locale and the facility in question.
Term
Institute
Definition
In-depth instructional meeting providing intensive education on a particular subject.
Term
Intangible Assets
Definition
Non-physical assets such as patents, trademarks, a customer base, brand recognition of your products, etc. Also known as goodwill.
Term
Integrated Marketing
Definition
Marketing activities with a common focus on the marketplace or a customer segment. The execution of each individual piece of the integrated marketing plan is consistent with, and supportive of, each of the other pieces of the plan.
Term
Integrated Meeting
Definition
A meeting which forms part of a larger event.
Term
Integrated Symposium
Definition
A symposium which forms part of a larger event.
Term
Intelligent Lighting
Definition
Lighting instruments that can be computer controlled to move light around the room, and project color and patterns on screens, scenery, walls or floor.
Term
Interactive Exhibits
Definition
Exhibits in which the visitor is involved with the exhibit in a proactive way.
Term
Interactive Learning
Definition
Learning activities in which learners participate together.
Term
Interactive Response
Definition
A system which enables the audience to respond to prepared questions by means of a multifunction keypad. Responses are fed to a computer which tabulates them and displays the results graphically on a projection screen.
Term
Interactive Video
Definition
Video programming which allows the viewer to be involved in an active way with the information to be presented. Often used in exhibits.
Term
Inter-City Transport
Definition
The means of traveling between two cities.
Term
Intercom
Definition
Audio system permitting two-way communication.
Term
Interiorscapers
Definition
Designers/decorators who specialize in using decorations to enhance event and create a theme.
Term
Interline Connection
Definition
An airline connection which involves transferring from a plane of one airline to that of another carrier. Also Called OFF-LINE CONNECTION.
Term
Interlock
Definition
Synchronization of two or more sound and/or picture sources.
Term
Intermediate Carrier
Definition
A carrier that transports a passenger or piece of baggage as part of an interline movement, but on which neither the point of origin nor destination is located.
Term
Intermezzo
Definition
Intermission. The pause in dinner service just prior to the entree. A sorbet is usually served to cleanse the palate. A short period of dancing may also be included.
Term
Intermodal Tour
Definition
TOUR using several forms of transportation such as plane, motorcoach, cruiseline and railroad to create a diversified and efficient tour package.
Term
International Event
Definition
An event that draws a national and international audience. Typically 15% or more of attendees reside outside of the host country.
Term
International Freight Forwarder
Definition
An independent business which handles export shipments for compensation. At the request of the shipper, the forwarder makes the actual arrangements and provides the necessary services for expediting the shipment to its overseas destination. The forwarder takes care of all documentation needed to move the shipment from origin to destination, making up and assembling the necessary documentation for submission to the bank in the exporter's name. The forwarder arranges for cargo insurance, makes the necessary overseas communications, and advises the shipper on overseas requirements of marking and labeling. The forwarder operates on a fee basis paid by the exporter and often receives an additional percentage of the freight charge from the common carrier. In the United States, an export freight forwarder must be licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission to handle ocean freight and by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to handle air freight. An ocean freight forwarder dispatches shipments from the United States via common carriers, books or arranges space for the shipments, and handles the shipping documentation. See FREIGHT FORWARDER.
Term
International Sales Agent
Definition
An individual or firm that serves as the foreign representative of a domestic supplier and seeks sales abroad for the supplier. See AGENT.
Term
Internegative
Definition
Film negative of motion picture made from original raw negative to facilitate making of positive copies in quantity.
Term
Internet Service Provider
Definition
ISP. A service that provides access to the Internet.
Term
Interpretation
Definition
The process of explaining or translating. See CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION IN RELAY, SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, TRANSLATION, WHISPERED INTERPRETATION, WIRELESS INFRARED INTERPRETING SYSTEM.
Term
Interpretation in Relay
Definition
Oral translation utilizing two interpreters. Because the first interpreter is not master of the second language, another makes the final interpretation to the audience. See CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION, SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, TRANSLATION, WHISPERED INTERPRETATION, WIRELESS INFRARED INTERPRETING SYSTEM.
Term
Interpreter
Definition
An individual who explains or translates. See INTERPRETATION.
Term
Interpreter’s Booth/Stand
Definition
A soundproof cubicle in which the interpreter works.
Term
Intro
Definition
A slang term for an introduction.
Term
Introduction
Definition
A carefully written opener about a speaker, which is delivered by the introducer at the beginning of a speech. A good introduction gives some ideas of the speaker’s credits, achievements, and honors and also answers the question: “Why this speaker, on this date, for this audience?”
Term
Inventory
Definition
Total amount of furniture, equipment or other goods available in stock.
Term
Invitation Letter
Definition
Letter to a potential speaker outlining the preliminary purpose and plans of an event and requesting their services.
Term
Invitation Program
Definition
A provisional program sometimes incorporating a call for papers. The program gives details of venue, participants, agenda, accommodations, etc.
Term
Invited Paper
Definition
Paper or speech on a specific subject submitted at the request of an event’s organizers. See GUEST SPEECH.
Term
Invited Speaker
Definition
A person who is invited to deliver a speech during the conference. Costs of travel, housing and appropriate appearance fees usually are provided for in the conference budget.
Term
Invocation
Definition
Prayer at the beginning of a function.
Term
Invoice
Definition
An itemized bill, including prices, of goods and services sold or shipped.
Term
Involuntary Upgrade
Definition
Airline moves passenger to higher priced class at no charge.
Term
IP Address
Definition
Internet Protocol Address. A numeric value unique to an individual computer that allows a signal to find that computer on a network. The IP address is assigned through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or network administrator.
Term
IPO
Definition
Individual Pays Own. See Also EPO, PAYS OWN.
Term
Iris
Definition
A device used to alter the size of the beam of light, usually with an aperture near the gate of the fixture.
Term
ISES
Definition
International Special Events Society. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Island Booth/Stand
Definition
Booth/stand space with aisles on all four sides.
Term
Island Exhibit
Definition
A three-dimensional display exposed to aisles on all four sides. See FREE FORM.
Term
Isometric
Definition
A perspective-like drawing, except that all lengths have the same proportion.
Term
Itinerant
Definition
Reusable exhibit or display with scheduled shipping from place to place.
Term
Jacket
Definition
1) Clear plastic covering to protect slides. 2) Short coat for the upper body, typically worn by food servers, bellmen, etc.
Term
Jacobs Ladder
Definition
A series of horizontal panels held together with a vinyl bank. These panels flip to expose the opposite side when top horizontal panel is mechanically turned.
Term
Jambon
Definition
Ham.
Term
Jan
Definition
Joint Army-Navy specification. Pertains to the stringent government specifications used for electronic components of specified quality or survivability or of tightly maintained quality control, and often means these parts will last longer, withstand higher temperatures voltages, currents, etc., than their consumer counterparts.
Term
Janitorial Service
Definition
Service offered for cleaning booths/stands, facilities, etc.
Term
Jardinière
Definition
Diced, mixed vegetables (jardin is garden in French).
Term
Java
Definition
1) Slang for coffee. 2)An object-oriented programming language invented by Sun Microsystems. Java runs over the Internet and provides a secure environment for writing and executing World Wide Web applications.
Term
J-Bar
Definition
Long-handled wooden pry bar with metal tip and wheels used in freight handling. Also Called JOHNSON BAR.
Term
Jewel Light
Definition
Colored plastic or glass insert used in front of a light source in panel faces to identify, pinpoint, etc., areas.
Term
Jig
Definition
Shop or bench set-up for making repetitive assemblies.
Term
Jigger
Definition
A 1-ounce measure used in making alcoholic drinks.
Term
Jigger Spout
Definition
Adapter on a liquor bottle used to eject a premeasured amount. Often called Posi-Pour™ which is a trademarked brand name for this type of device.
Term
Jigging
Definition
Special dividers, sectioning and protective padding inside exhibit crates.
Term
Jigsaw
Definition
Narrow blade set in a frame used with a vertical motion for cutting along wavy or irregular lines.
Term
JLG
Definition
Brand name for equipment capable of lifting a person or persons to a given height. See HIGH JACKER. See Also MAN LIFT, SCISSOR LIFT, GENIE LIFT, HI LOW, FORKLIFT.
Term
Job Box
Definition
See TROUBLE BOX.
Term
Job Description
Definition
List of duties that make up a particular job position.
Term
Job Foreman
Definition
One who is in charge of specific projects.
Term
Job Specification
Definition
List of qualities (e.g. work experience, education) a job applicant needs in order to be considered for a particular job.
Term
Johnson Bar
Definition
Long-handled wooden pry bar with metal tip and wheels used in freight handling. Also Called J-BAR.
Term
Joint Agreement
Definition
Union contract covering more than one employer and a union, more than one union and an employer, or a number of employees and a number of unions.
Term
Joint Fares
Definition
Through-fare for travel on two or more airlines.
Term
Jointing
Definition
Technique of rendering lumber surfaces perfectly straight and smooth so as to permit a perfect fit. This operation is usually performed on continuous automatic machine called a jointer.
Term
Jones Plug
Definition
Multi-prong electrical connector.
Term
Journeyman
Definition
Worker who has satisfactorily completed an apprenticeship in a skilled trade.
Term
JPEG
Definition
Joint Photographic Experts Group. A graphic file format that has a sophisticated technique for compressing full-color bitmapped graphics, such as photographs. JPEG is most commonly mentioned as a format for image files.
Term
Julienne
Definition
Vegetables cut in long thin slices.
Term
Junction Box
Definition
A distribution point for electrical power.
Term
Junior Suite
Definition
A hotel room that features a separate living-sitting area (although not a separate room), in addition to the bedroom.
Term
Jurisdiction
Definition
1) The jobs that may be performed by a specific labor union. 2) The locality where a contractual dispute is decided. 3) In law, the ability of a court to hear and decide a matter brought before it.
Term
Jurisdictional Dispute
Definition
Conflict between unions concerning the right to control certain jobs in a particular trade or industry.
Term
Jury-Rig
Definition
To construct or rig in a temporary and makeshift way.
Term
Justified Type
Definition
Type set with both margins flush often leaving odd spaces between words.
Term
Kbps
Definition
Kilobits per second. A rate of data transmission over a computer network.
Term
KD
Definition
Knock Down. Exhibit or display components requiring on-site assembly.
Term
Keg
Definition
Cask-like container holding bulk quantities of beer, wine, soda pop, or soda pop syrup.
Term
Kelvin Temperature
Definition
The temperature at which a light source should be in order to produce the proper color of light.
Term
Key Card
Definition
Plastic card used in place of room key.
Term
Key Light
Definition
Principal source of focused, intense illumination on a subject or area.
Term
Keynote
Definition
Opening remarks or presentation at a meeting that sets the tone or theme of the event and motivates attendees.
Term
Keynote Address
Definition
A session that opens or highlights the show, meeting or event.
Term
Keynote Speaker
Definition
Speaker whose presentation establishes the theme or tone of the event.
Term
Keystoning
Definition
Distortion of a projected image on a screen, where the image is wider on top and narrower on bottom. The image distorts from a rectangle into a trapezoid because the projector is above or below the center point of the screen; either the top or the bottom become wider because it is further away from the lens. To adjust for keystoning, the top of the screen can be tilted a little, either forward or back. Many data projectors allow you to tilt the lens to solve the problem.
Term
KHz
Definition
See KILOHERTZ.
Term
Kick Base
Definition
Base molding or band added to structure to absorb marring caused by brooms, mops, etc.
Term
Kickback
Definition
A payment (money or property) made in return for influencing a buying or hiring decision. Generally thought of as an illegal payment, especially if it is not disclosed. See BLIND COMMISSION.
Term
Kilohertz
Definition
One thousand cycles per second; replaces the obsolete term kc (kilocycles). Abbreviated kHz.
Term
Kimchee
Definition
(KIHM-chee) A spicy-hot, extraordinarily pungent condiment used in Korean cuisine. It is made from fermented vegetables, such as cabbage or turnips, that have been pickled, stored in sealed pots or jars, and buried in the ground. It is dug up and used as needed. Alternate spelling is Kimchi.
Term
Kimchi
Definition
(KIHM-chee) A spicy-hot, extraordinarily pungent condiment used in Korean cuisine. It is made from fermented vegetables, such as cabbage or turnips, that have been pickled, stored in sealed pots or jars, and buried in the ground. It is dug up and used as needed. Alternate spelling is Kimchee.
Term
Kine
Definition
Kinescope. Motion picture record of a television program.
Term
King-Size Bed
Definition
Large bed usually measuring 76-by-80 inches (190-by-200 centimeters). A long king-size bed measures 76-by-84 inches (190-by-213 centimeters).
Term
Kiosk
Definition
1) Free-standing pavilion or light structure, often inside a facility, where printed or electronic information is available. 2) A small enclosure for ticket sales, information, etc.
Term
Kit
Definition
See EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
Term
Klieg Light
Definition
See ELLIPSOIDAL SPOTLIGHT.
Term
Knock Down
Definition
KD. Exhibit or display components requiring on-site assembly.
Term
Knowles Theory
Definition
Proposes that for adults to learn, the following must be addressed: adults need to know why they need to learn something; adults need to learn through experience; adults view learning as problem solving; adults only learn when the material is immediately relevant.
Term
Kodalith
Definition
Type of film.
Term
KOH
Definition
A light fixture that is installed from catwalks, ceilings, or truss systems, and can easily light up a 10x20 booth/stand space. It cannot be installed on the exhibit itself due to the temperature at which it burns.
Term
Kosher
Definition
Food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws pertaining not only to the type of food that may be eaten, but to the kinds of food that can be combined at one meal (e.g. meat and dairy may not be mixed). To meet kosher standards and receive the kosher seal, food must be prepared under a rabbi's supervision. In addition to the kinds of animals considered kosher (pigs and rabbits are among the non-kosher group), the laws also decree that animals be fed organically grown food and killed in the most humane manner possible. Kosher foods are becoming popular with health-conscious consumers.
Term
Kraft Paper
Definition
An inexpensive wrapping paper.
Term
Kreplach
Definition
Jewish ravioli.
Term
L&D
Definition
Loss and Damage.
Term
L/C
Definition
Document issued by a bank per instructions from a buyer of goods, authorizing the seller to draw a specified sum of money under specified terms. See LETTER OF CREDIT.
Term
LA
Definition
Letter of Authority.
Term
Labor
Definition
Refers to contracted workers who perform services. See CRAFTSPERSON.
Term
Labor Call
Definition
1) Method of securing union employees. 2) Time specified for labor to report, (e.g. 8:00 a.m. call). 3) Minimum amount for which union labor must be paid. See CALL.
Term
Labor Desk
Definition
Location in exhibit hall where exhibitors can order labor on-site.
Term
Labor Form
Definition
Form used by exhibitors requesting labor at exhibition. Usually found in the EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
Term
Labor Policy
Definition
The principles established by a company to govern its dealings with its employees.
Term
Labor Relations
Definition
Dealings between an employer and its employees or their representatives concerning matters of mutual interest.
Term
Labor Union
Definition
Workforce organization requiting various rules to be followed by the employing facility advocating the well being of the workers.
Term
Lag Bus
Definition
A coach which lingers at a destination to move group members who may have missed the scheduled vehicles.
Term
Lagniappe
Definition
Creole term for giving something extra or unexpected.
Term
Lahvosh
Definition
Cracker bread.
Term
Lamination
Definition
The bonding under pressure of two or more materials to form a layer or sandwich of materials, e.g. plywood, plastic laminate.
Term
Lamp
Definition
Light source for a projector.
Term
Lamp Life
Definition
Estimated hours of a lamp’s (light bulb's) usefulness.
Term
LAN
Definition
Local Area Network. A computer network limited to the immediate area, often the same building or floor of a building.
Term
Lanai
Definition
Patio or balcony overlooking a garden or water.
Term
Land Operator
Definition
A company that provides local services, transfers, sightseeing, guides, etc. See RECEPTIVE OPERATOR.
Term
Landscape
Definition
1) Sign where width is larger than height; horizontal. 2) An area of ground that has been arranged for human use and enjoyment usually with plants and structure.
Term
Langostino
Definition
Spanish for prawn (jumbo shrimp).
Term
Langouste
Definition
French word for Spiny Lobster (giant crawfish).
Term
Langoustine
Definition
French word for prawn (jumbo shrimp).
Term
Lanyard
Definition
A cord or string worn around the neck, as in corded badges.
Term
Large Group Patterns
Definition
Learning activities that require the participation of a large group of learners.
Term
Laser Pointer
Definition
A compact instrument consisting of a visible light laser, used for pointing out features on a projected visual display.
Term
Last Call
Definition
The final announcement to order bar beverages before bar service ends.
Term
Last Name
Definition
Name by which all immediate family members are known. Women usually (but not always) adopt their husband’s surname upon marriage. Same as SURNAME, FAMILY NAME (preferred). Compare With GIVEN NAME.
Term
Late Registration
Definition
A booking that is received after the stated deadline, usually incurring a penalty fee.
Term
Launch
Definition
The commencement of a new product or show into the market.
Term
Lav
Definition
Short for Lavatory or Lavaliere Microphone.
Term
Lavatory
Definition
Sanitary convenience. Also Called TOILET, WATER CLOSET (WC).
Term
Layout
Definition
Artist’s or designer’s indication of how a printed piece should look.
Term
Layover
Definition
A city on an itinerary where a passenger deplanes and spends time before continuing.
Term
Lazy Susan
Definition
Manually rotated tray on ball bearings. See TURNTABLE.
Term
LCD
Definition
Liquid Crystal Display. Display composed of mobile crystals in liquid suspension which align themselves and polarize light in response to a small electric charge. The crystals are manufactured in pockets within the display which correspond to areas of dark on light background.
Term
LCD Projector
Definition
A self-contained unit with a LCD (liquid crystal display) panel, light source and lens that works with both PC and Mac computers and duplicates the image being shown on the monitor without any need for special software or complex setting up. See DATA PROJECTOR.
Term
LCL
Definition
Less Than Carload.
Term
LDP
Definition
Last Day to Purchase a ticket against an existent reservation.
Term
Lead
Definition
1) According to the International Association of Convention & Visitors Bureaus, when an inquiry by a corporation/association/organization/independent event organizer that includes a request for a minimum of 10 sleeping rooms over a specific set/range of dates is forwarded by the CVB sales staff only to those hotels that meet the event organizer’s event criteria. A lead is more formalized than just exchanging/forwarding business cards to hotels. For convention center events, if the CVB sends a lead first to the convention center for date availability and then to the hotel(s) for room blocks as a matter of policy, this process should be counted as one (1) lead for reporting purposes. (rhymes with “seed”). 2) Potential customer. See SALES LEADS. 3) Amount of space between lines of type (rhymes with “dead”).
Term
Lead Dispatcher
Definition
On-site person responsible for overall transportation success or management.
Term
Lead Retrieval
Definition
The process whereby exhibitors receive a potential customer’s contact information in a standardized manner. A system for capturing and following-up on leads generated at an exhibition.
Term
Lead Sheet
Definition
Sales leads (RFPs) generated through a convention & visitors bureau or sales organization and forwarded out to potential suppliers. See REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS. See Also CONVENTION & VISITORS BUREAU.
Term
Lead Time
Definition
Time between when arrangements are made and when an event occurs, etc.
Term
Lead Tracking
Definition
A manual or automated system used to conduct follow-up activities for sales prospects resulting from an event.
Term
Leader
Definition
Utility tape added to beginning or end of audio tape or film.
Term
Leadman
Definition
Employee who sets the pace for a group working on the same job or as a team.
Term
Leakage
Definition
The unwanted pickup of stray sound from sources other than the intended source feeding a specific microphone channel.
Term
Learning Environment
Definition
The physical, emotional, psychological, physiological and social factors surrounding the learning experience.
Term
Learning Environment Specialist
Definition
LES. A designation offered by the Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA).
Term
Lectern
Definition
A stand upon which a speaker may rest notes or books. May be “standing,” which rests on the floor, or “table-top” which is placed on a table. Often confused with PODIUM.
Term
Lecture
Definition
Informative and instructional speech.
Term
LED
Definition
Light Emitting Diode. A solid-state diode rectifier whose atomic properties cause it to emit light when electric current is passed through it. Current LED technology allows the emission of light from infrared through green frequencies, and visible light LEDs are available in colors from deep red to green.
Term
Leg
Definition
The part of a trip between two scheduled stops.
Term
Legal Connection
Definition
Prescribed minimum time to leave one flight and board another.
Term
Leisure Services
Definition
A service concerned with the organization of free or unoccupied time.
Term
Leko
Definition
Type of adjustable spotlight used to light lecterns, signs and areas that need a tightly focused pool of light. See ELLIPSOIDAL SPOTLIGHT. See Also LECTERN.
Term
Lenticular Screen
Definition
Screen finish with a characteristic silver-colored finish which has brighter reflective characteristics than a matte screen but with a wider viewing angle than a beaded screen. See SILVER LENTICULAR SCREEN.
Term
LES
Definition
Learning Environment Specialist. A designation offered by the Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA).
Term
Less Than Truckload
Definition
LTL. Rates applicable when the quantity of freight is less than the volume of truckload minimum weight.
Term
Lessee
Definition
A person or entity who has possession of real or personal property under a lease. A tenant of real property under a lease.
Term
Lessor
Definition
Person or organization which conveys property under a lease.
Term
Letraset
Definition
Trade name for self adhesive vinyl letter.
Term
Letter of Agreement
Definition
Contract. Document outlining proposed services, space, or products which becomes binding upon signature by authorized representatives of both parties. It lists services, foods, beverages, and so forth.
Term
Letter of Credit
Definition
L/C. A document issued by a bank per instructions from a buyer of goods, authorizing the seller to draw a specified sum of money under specified terms. See CONFIRMED LETTER OF CREDIT.
Term
Level
Definition
Level of audio volume. The term level refers to the power magnitude in either electrical watt or acoustic watts but is often incorrectly used to denote voltage. See GAIN.
Term
LFR
Definition
Lowest Fare Routing. The least expensive airfare available to the destination.
Term
Liability
Definition
Legal responsibility. An obligation to pay an amount in damages. In a non-legal context, something that is a negative factor.
Term
Liability Clause
Definition
Part of a contract outlining conditions of liability.
Term
Liability Disclaimer
Definition
Legal statement releasing the organization from responsibility for any arrangements made by attendees with services listed by the organization (e.g., child care).
Term
Liability Insurance
Definition
An insurance policy that protects you in the event that there is bodily injury or property damage to other people. The liability can be because of negligence or a failure to live up to promises made under a contract.
Term
Liability Law
Definition
System of laws designed to protect people from damages caused by a party behaving in a negligent manner and creating or being responsible for harm as the result of that behavior.
Term
Liaison
Definition
A close collaboration for smooth coordination.
Term
Liaison Interpreter
Definition
Person interpreting a conversation between two or more persons from one or more foreign languages into his mother tongue and vice-versa.
Term
License
Definition
Written permission granted by an authority to engage in a specific action or business.
Term
Licensing Agreement
Definition
A right or permission granted by the owner of a property (tangible or intangible) to engage in some business or occupation or engage in some transaction, which would be unlawful without such right, or permission. A business arrangement in which the manufacturer of a product (or a firm with proprietary rights over certain technology, trademarks, etc.) grants permission to some other group or individual to manufacture that product (or make use of that proprietary material) in return for specified royalties or other payment. Many convention center agreements are written as license agreements.
Term
Lifelong Learning
Definition
An ongoing process in which an individual actively seeks to understand and contribute to change.
Term
Lift
Definition
Number of airplane seats available on flights to a destination.
Term
Lift Truck
Definition
Forklift.
Term
Light Bar
Definition
A bar with a light that hangs behind a header.
Term
Light Box
Definition
Enclosure with lighting and translucent face of plastic or glass.
Term
Light Organ
Definition
Electronic device which allows sound waves to determine the color or intensity of lighting. An outmoded term and device from the 60’s; we now have audio sensitive controllers.
Term
Light Table
Definition
Illuminated glass-covered table used for viewing and editing slides.
Term
Lightface
Definition
Light type distinguished from medium or boldface.
Term
Lighting
Definition
1) Service offered by electrical contractor for illumination. 2) Booth/stand or hall illumination. 3) Existing light provided by the venue for functionality and safety. 4) Controlled application of the art of lighting to impact sales, achieve atmosphere and otherwise enhance the experience of the event.
Term
Lighting Control Console
Definition
Desk-type housing, used to contain the controls required for adjusting production lighting. See MASTER CONTROL.
Term
Lighting Director
Definition
Person who designs the lighting, directs placement of lighting equipment, and calls lighting cues on-site.
Term
Lighting Grid
Definition
Structures used to support lights and electrical outlets.
Term
Lighting Plot
Definition
A print showing the location and type of all lights used in a booth/stand.
Term
Lighting Truss
Definition
A construction of tubular steel or aluminum alloy onto which lighting instruments are hung and which is in turn suspended above the stage or exhibit.
Term
Likert Scaling
Definition
Common question format, which uses standardized response options.
Term
Limited Consumption Bar
Definition
Host establishes the maximum dollar amount to be spent at an open bar. Bar is closed or converted to cash when limit is reached.
Term
Limited Power of Attorney
Definition
Permits the customs broker to complete the customs document upon the return of your shipment to the country of origin. A Power of Attorney allows one person to act as agent for another. A Limited Power of Attorney grants the right to act in only limited circumstances.
Term
Limiter
Definition
Audio amplifier whose output amplification rate of change is less than its input signal amplitude rate of change. While compressors are used to reduce the dynamic range of program signals either to make everything sound louder, or to automatically control sudden large changes in signal amplitude such as in the case of recording vocalists, limiters are used to prevent dynamic transient signal peaks from exceeding a pre-set amplitude. Limiters are usually required when broadcast signals are fed to telephone lines and are useful to prevent power amplifiers clipping and overdriving in large sound systems. Limiters sometimes include circuits that allow the user to adjust the time it takes to start reducing the signal amplitude (attack) to ease up on the compression (release), and also the input and output gain.
Term
Line Level
Definition
Average (power) level at which a signal is output from devices like mixers, cassette decks and other devices which process sound. Technically, this corresponds to –30 dBM (one microwatt) to +30 dBM (one watt).
Term
Line of Sight
Definition
Unobstructed line of vision from audience to stage. See SIGHTLINES.
Term
Line Switch
Definition
Electrical on/off switch used directly in wiring to control, by make or break, the flow of current.
Term
Linear Display
Definition
Linear exhibits are generally 10’ deep. They are offered in 10’ or 15’ widths and can be combined to create an exhibit of almost any length.
Term
Linen
Definition
Tablecloths and napkins. See NAPERY.
Term
Link
Definition
Using hypertext, a link is a selectable connection from one word, picture or information object to another. From a Web site, a link points to content.
Term
Liqueur
Definition
Sweet alcoholic beverages made by infusing flavor from seeds, fruits, herbs, flowers, nuts or spices with a spirit, such as Brandy, Rum or Whiskey. Essential oils and extracts are used for flavor. Less expensive brands use artificial flavoring. Most liqueurs are made with secret formulas. Also called cordials, they are high in alcohol and range from 49 proof for Cherry Heering to 110 proof for green Chartreuse. The crème liqueurs, such as Creme de Menthe, are sweeter and more syrupy. Liqueurs were originally used as a digestive. They are usually served after dinner but are part of many cocktails. Liqueurs can also be used in cooking (e.g. desserts). Examples are: Absinthe, Amaretto, Anisette, Benedictine, Cointreau, Creme de Cacao, Creme de Cassis, Drambuie, Frangelico, Galliano, Grand Mariner, Irish Mist, Kahlua, Midori, Ouzo, Pernod, Sambuca, Sloe Gin, Southern Comfort, Tia Maria, Triple Sec. See CORDIAL.
Term
Liqueur Cart
Definition
Rolling cart that includes a selection of cordials. Usually passed after dinner.
Term
Liquid Crystal Display
Definition
LCD. Display composed of mobile crystals in liquid suspension which align themselves and polarize light in response to a small electric change. The crystals are manufactured in pockets within the display which correspond to areas of dark on light background. See LCD.
Term
Liquidity
Definition
The percentage of an enterprise's assets that can be quickly converted into cash.
Term
Liquor
Definition
1) A distilled, alcoholic beverage made from a fermented mash of various ingredients including grains or other plants. Examples: Bourbon, Gin, Vodka, Rum, Scotch and Tequila. Also called Spirits. 2) An oyster's natural juices are referred to as its liquor. 3) Pot liquor or pot likker refers to the liquid resulting from cooking meats or vegetables.
Term
Liquor License
Definition
A U.S. state granted right to sell and/or serve alcoholic beverages. Liquor license requirements vary by jurisdictions. Always check local liquor laws. There are three basic types of licenses: 1) On-Sale: Liquor is sold and must be consumed on the premises (bar or banquet room). 2) Off-Sale: Liquor is sold unopened and must be consumed off the premises (liquor store). 3) Beer and Wine: not authorized to sell spirits. Liquor licenses are based on the physical premises. If you are holding an event at a venue without a liquor license, you must obtain a temporary permit.
Term
List of Exhibitors
Definition
List of exhibiting firms, usually with location of their exhibit. May be arranged alphabetically, by category, or both and usually lists personnel who will be in attendance.
Term
List of Participants
Definition
Register of delegates and accompanying persons attending an event.
Term
Listing
Definition
A speaker grants the right to a speakers bureau to list the speaker as available. See BUREAU LISTING.
Term
Lit Rack
Definition
Literature Rack. Device used to hold literature or brochures.
Term
Liter
Definition
Metric unit of measurement used to package spirits and wines. Equal to approximately one quart (33.8 ounces). Alternate spelling is Litre.
Term
Literature Rack
Definition
Devices used to hold literature or brochures. Also Called LIT RACK.
Term
Litre
Definition
Metric unit of measurement used to package spirits and wines. Equal to approximately one quart (33.8 ounces). Alternate spelling is Liter.
Term
Load Chart
Definition
Chart showing the weight of shipments loaded in a trailer and the position in the vehicle of larger items, dangerous articles or special-attention shipments.
Term
Load Factor
Definition
Average number of seats occupied.
Term
Load In/Out
Definition
Scheduled times for crew to load and unload equipment.
Term
Load Site
Definition
Location from which participants will board vehicles for transfers.
Term
Loading Dock
Definition
Area on premises where goods are received. Usually a raised area that backloading trucks can back up to and offload freight easily.
Term
Loadlock
Definition
A metal brace to secure partial loads within trailers and railway cars.
Term
Lobby
Definition
1) Public area which serves as an entrance or waiting area. 2) To engage in actions designed at influencing public officials toward a desired action.
Term
Local
Definition
Organization of employees in one area or in one company or a group of companies, chartered by and affiliated with a national or international union.
Term
Local Beer/Wine
Definition
Beer or wine produced or distributed locally. Often boutique wineries or microbreweries.
Term
Local Committee
Definition
A group of people bringing specific expertise of the locality and facilities of a given area.
Term
Local Event
Definition
An event, such as a graduation ceremony, local festival, etc., that draws its audience primarily from the local market. Typically 80% of attendees reside within a 50 mile (80 km) of radius of the event site. Local audiences typically do not require overnight accommodations. See Also NATIONAL EVENT, REGIONAL EVENT, & STATE/PROVINCE EVENT.
Term
Local Fare
Definition
An airfare published by a carrier between two cities.
Term
Local Host
Definition
A group of local people who carry out the strategies and policies established for the organization of an event held in their geographic area. See ORGANIZING COMMITTEE.
Term
Lockout
Definition
1) Refusal by a facility to allow guests access to their guest rooms. 2) Labor action where employers refuse access to the facility by employees.
Term
Lock-Up
Definition
Storage area which can be locked.
Term
Logistics
Definition
Procurement, maintenance and transportation of materials. Involves all related functions and services.
Term
Logo
Definition
Symbol, often trademarked, that identifies an organization or event.
Term
Long Distance Dialing
Definition
The ability to place, and control billing for long distance telephone access, usually from an event room or show floor location. Directions on whether or not long distance dialing should be available from a specific location during an event should be indicated on function orders associated with that location and be included in the event’s specifications guide. See RESTRICTED DIALING.
Term
Loop
Definition
Closed electric circuit.
Term
Loop Fabric
Definition
Fabric to which Velcro® fastener fabric will adhere.
Term
Loop Projector
Definition
Projector modified to run film that has been spliced into continuous loop.
Term
Loose Jig
Definition
Removable support in shipping case.
Term
Loss Leader
Definition
Item offered by a retailer at cost or less than cost to attract customers. Also referred to as a price leader.
Term
Lost Opportunity
Definition
An event in the lead or tentative stage that is subsequently lost by a destination or facility. This does not include venue changes within a destination. According to the International Association of Convention & Visitor Bureaus, the local CVB should track the number of estimated room nights, attendance and attendee spending and the reason associated with the lost opportunity. Sometimes called LOST BUSINESS.
Term
Loudness
Definition
Sound volume as it is detected by the average human ear. Hearing is non-flat, and this non-flatness varies with changes in absolute SPL (Sound Pressure Level).
Term
Loudspeaker
Definition
Audio speaker used to magnify sound in a function room or large area.
Term
Lounge
Definition
1) A public room (as in a hotel, club, or restaurant) where cocktails and other drinks are served. 2) A room or other area in an event venue designated as a place for attendees to rest and/or get refreshments.
Term
Low Season
Definition
Period when the demand for a supplier’s product or service is lowest. Prices general decrease in low season. Also Called VALUE SEASON. Compare With HIGH SEASON.
Term
Low Voltage
Definition
Term applied to currents of 24 volts or less. Must be transformed from normal 110 volt input. Useful in animation, lighted model, etc.
Term
Low-Balling
Definition
Giving a deceptively low price or estimate.
Term
Lowboy
Definition
A type of truck that can be adapted for picking up loads at ground level.
Term
Lower Case
Definition
Small letters, as distinguished from capital letters. Abbreviated lc.
Term
Low-Key Lighting
Definition
Lighting in which picture intensity produces limited bright areas.
Term
LTA
Definition
Lost Ticket Application. An application to request a refund on a lost airline ticket. There is often an additional charge for the application.
Term
Lucite
Definition
Term defining plastic similar to Plexiglas, an acrylic plastic.
Term
Lumiline
Definition
Slim, cylindrical, incandescent lamp; used as a substitute for fluorescent lamps where dimming is required.
Term
Lunch
Definition
A light noonday meal, sometimes with speeches or presentations. Sometimes called Luncheon.
Term
Luncheon
Definition
Lunch. A light noonday meal, sometimes with speeches or presentations.
Term
Lyonnaise
Definition
Cooked with onions (e.g. Lyonnaise Potatoes).
Term
MA Form
Definition
Document required by Canadian Customs identifying shipper, seller, consignee, terms, date of shipment, material being sold/shipped, classification code, quantity, unit and total prices. Additional information required on the invoice depends on shipper and consignee arrangements. See also CANADIAN CUSTOMS INVOICE.
Term
Macédoine
Definition
(mass ee dohn) Mixture of vegetables or fruits.
Term
Magnetic Key Systems
Definition
Means by which doors in hotels or other facilities are locked or unlocked. Usually, these are cards as opposed to actual keys. The system permits security staff members to know what key was used to enter the room and at what time.
Term
Magnetic Sound
Definition
Sound that is recorded on magnetic tape and may be incorporated on a film.
Term
Magnum
Definition
Wine bottles that contain 1.5 liters; equal to 2 standard bottles of wine.
Term
Mag-Stripe
Definition
Magnetic Stripe. A lead retrieval system using a magnetic strip on either the back of a paper badge (similar to some airline tickets) or on plastic badges similar to credit cards.
Term
Mailing House
Definition
Company equipped to handle bulk mailings on behalf of an organization.
Term
Mailing List
Definition
List of names and addresses of the persons to whom publicity material or other information is to be sent.
Term
Main Tent
Definition
Room or hall where business sessions and entertainment productions are held.
Term
Maître d’/Maître d' Hôtel
Definition
Floor manager or head waiter at a restaurant or catered function. Responsible for all aspects of meal service.
Term
Major Arrival
Definition
Information included in the specifications guide for an event that notes approximate dates and times at which large numbers of event attendees can be expected to arrive at a facility (hotel) for check-in. This is intended to give the facility notice in order to prepare for front desk staffing. See GROUP ARRIVALS/DEPARTURES.
Term
Major Departure
Definition
Information included in the specifications guide for an event that notes approximate dates and times at which large numbers of event attendees can be expected to check out of a facility (hotel). This is intended to give the facility notice in order to prepare for front desk staffing. See GROUP ARRIVALS/DEPARTURES.
Term
Make Work Practices
Definition
Union practices for spreading work by limiting production or by requiring employment of more workers than necessary for a particular job. See FEATHERBEDDING.
Term
Man Lift
Definition
Equipment capable of lifting a person or persons to a given height. See HIGH JACKER. See Also JLG, SCISSOR LIFT, GENIE LIFT, HI LOW, FORKLIFT.
Term
Management Committee
Definition
See EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Term
Management Prerogatives
Definition
Rights and powers essential to operation of business such as hiring, production methods and the like, which management claims are outside the scope of collective bargaining and over which management maintains authority and responsibility.
Term
Manager
Definition
A person hired to manage a speaker’s or entertainer’s business and/or personal affairs. The job of manager may include marketing the speaker’s services for more bookings or performing public relations work for the speaker
Term
Managing Director
Definition
A principal executive officer.
Term
Manhattan Clam Chowder
Definition
Clam soup made with a tomato base.
Term
Manifest
Definition
Final official listing of all passengers and/or cargo aboard a transportation vehicle or vessel.
Term
Manpower Agency
Definition
Firm specializing in providing day-labor workers.
Term
Marine Insurance
Definition
Broadly, insurance covering loss or damage of goods at sea. Marine insurance will typically compensate the owner of merchandise for losses sustained from fire, shipwreck, piracy, and various other causes, but excludes losses which can be legally recovered from the carrier. See CREDIT RISK INSURANCE.
Term
Mark
Definition
Taped or chalked symbol on studio or stage floors designating exact placement of props and actors.
Term
Marker Board
Definition
See WHITE BOARD.
Term
Market Exclusivity
Definition
When the speaker limits the speakers bureau/agency to offering the speaker's services to a particular market or markets.
Term
Market Life Cycle
Definition
The period of time that a substantial segment of the buying public is interested in purchasing a given product or service.
Term
Market Penetration Pricing Strategy
Definition
Method by which cost of an item is derived, based on whether or not near term income is critical, and rapid market penetration for eventual market control is desired.
Term
Market Segments
Definition
Categorization of people, organizations or businesses by professional discipline or primary areas of interest for the purposes of sales analysis or assignment.
Term
Market Share
Definition
The percentage of the total sales (from all sources) of a service or product represented by the sales made by an enterprise. i.e. sales divided by total sales.
Term
Marketing
Definition
A process of identifying human wants and needs, and developing a plan to meet those wants and needs. Refers to everything involved with convincing an attendee to come to the event. Also refers to providing information to support the exhibit sales function.
Term
Marking
Definition
Letters, numbers and other symbols placed on cargo packages to facilitate identification.
Term
Marking the Carpet
Definition
Placing rolls of aisle carpet at the end of each aisle to facilitate laying the carpet, which is the last thing done before the event opens.
Term
Markup
Definition
Difference between the cost and the selling price of a given product. Difference between the net rate charged by a tour operator, hotel, or other supplier and the retail-selling price of the service. Generally a percentage of the net rate rather than a fixed amount, as in a 20 percent markup on the net.
Term
Marscapone Cheese
Definition
A rich Italian cream cheese, often used in Tiramisu.
Term
Marshalling Yard
Definition
A holding area where trucks or buses check in and wait for instructions before delivering or picking up freight or passengers.
Term
Mask
Definition
Scenic drape used to obscure undesirable view from the audience or to protect or cover. Also, an item used or worn to hide the face or covering an item with masking tape.
Term
Masking
Definition
Sound applied to an environment to provide privacy in open areas. The term “masking” refers to the so-called “cocktail-party effect” where certain conversations are hard to pick out because similar sounds mask them. The ear-brain can be fooled into not hearing certain sounds if other sounds at lower volume but sufficient complexity are simultaneously present. Pink noise is most often used to cause intentional masking; its spectrum is shaped or filtered and fed to loudspeakers hidden above an acoustical tile ceiling.
Term
Masking Drapes
Definition
Drapes used to cover storage and other unsightly areas.
Term
Masonite
Definition
Trade name for hardboard.
Term
Mass Learning Patterns
Definition
Learning activities delivered through mass communication media.
Term
Master
Definition
Original copy of something, such as an audio or videotape recording or filmed production.
Term
Master Account
Definition
A record of transactions during an event where the resulting balance is paid directly by the group. May include room, tax, incidentals, food and beverage, audiovisual equipment, decor, etc. Also Called MASTER BILL.
Term
Master Bill
Definition
See MASTER ACCOUNT.
Term
Master Control
Definition
See LIGHTING CONTROL CONSOLE.
Term
Master Key
Definition
One key that will open function and guest rooms.
Term
Master Monitor
Definition
Video monitor which shows only the picture being aired.
Term
Master of Ceremonies
Definition
Person who presides over the program (MC, EMCEE).
Term
Material Handling
Definition
Services performed by GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR that includes delivery of exhibit materials from the dock to assigned space, removing empty crates, returning crates at the end of the event for re-crating, and delivering materials back to the dock for carrier loading. It is a two-way charge, incoming and outgoing. Formerly known as DRAYAGE.
Term
Matte
Definition
Lusterless surface.
Term
Matte Screen
Definition
Screen having a flat or matte white finish which does not reflect as effectively as a glass-bead screen, but can be viewed from virtually all front angles.
Term
Matte White
Definition
Type of non-shiny screen surface used for front projection. It is the least expensive type of screen.
Term
Matzo Ball Soup
Definition
Jewish dish with large dumplings.
Term
Max Floor Plan
Definition
A computer assisted drawing showing the optimum utilization of a facility space for tradeshow layout of booths/stands.
Term
Maximum Permitted Mileage
Definition
The mileage a passenger is permitted to travel for a given fare.
Term
Maximum Pick-Up Number
Definition
Every week leading up to an event, the event organizer should receive a room pick-up report from each hotel involved in the event. One of those weeks will have a very high number (which is the maximum pick-up number). This information is important to include in a POST EVENT REPORT.
Term
Mbps
Definition
Megabits (millions of bits) per second. A rate of data transmission over a computer network.
Term
MC
Definition
(em-see) See MASTER OF CEREMONIES. See Also EMCEE.
Term
MC Cable
Definition
Flexible armored electrical cable accepted as insulated by most codes; two, three, or more wires available. See AC CABLE. See Also BX CABLE.
Term
MCO
Definition
Miscellaneous Charge Order. A document used by ticketing locations to record deposits, extra charges, hotel and pet fees, etc.
Term
Measurement Ton
Definition
A space measurement, usually 40 cubic feet or one cubic meter. Cargo is assessed a certain rate for every 40 cubic feet of space it occupies.
Term
Medallion
Definition
Small, round piece of meat.
Term
Media Kit
Definition
Packet of information that is supplied to the media; contains all the details of an event that are required to attract media attention and attendees.
Term
Mediation
Definition
Dispute resolution process in which the parties use a third party to assist them in reaching a compromise. The mediator may work with both sides together, or may act as “go between” in an attempt to move the sides toward agreement. The mediator may act informally, or be appointed by a judge or by agreement of the parties through an alternative dispute resolution organization like American Arbitration Association (AAA) or Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Service (JAMS). Unlike arbitration, a mediator is not empowered to impose a decision on the parties.
Term
Medical Meeting
Definition
An event whose attendees relate to the health care or medical research industries.
Term
Meet and Greet
Definition
Service for meeting and greeting a person upon arrival in a city, usually at the airport, pier or rail station and assisting him or her with entrance formalities, collecting baggage and obtaining transportation.
Term
Meeting
Definition
An event where the primary activity of the attendees is to attend educational sessions, participate in meetings/discussions, socialize, or attend other organized events. There is no exhibit component to this event. Compare With CONVENTION, EXHIBITION, TRADE SHOW, CONSUMER SHOW.
Term
Meeting Announcement
Definition
Leaflet or brochure with essentials about a coming event.
Term
Meeting Management Company
Definition
A company, representing another organization, handling site selection, negotiations and turnkey support for an event.
Term
Meeting Manager
Definition
See PLANNER.
Term
Meeting Point
Definition
Meeting place in venue for individual appointments of delegates.
Term
Meeting Profile
Definition
A written report outlining statistics of previous events, anticipated use of all services, profile of attendees, hotel occupancy patterns, etc.
Term
Meet-the-Press Set-Up
Definition
Panel set-up with questioners placed opposite guest panelists and moderator.
Term
Menu Pricing
Definition
A pricing plan that lets the organization see an itemized list of fees for goods and services.
Term
Merchandise Mart
Definition
Facility containing showrooms and offices with a modest amount of permanent space. Outside the United States, world trade centers showcase the exports of countries in buildings similar to merchandise marts.
Term
Mesclun
Definition
Field greens for salads.
Term
Message Board
Definition
An electronic message center or online discussion group, usually serving a special-interest group. They allow you to review messages left by others, and leave your own message if you choose. Also known as bulletin board systems or electronic forum. Also, a bulletin board on which messages can be tacked up.
Term
Message Center
Definition
A place where mail and messages are kept or transmitted.
Term
Metric
Definition
A system of weights and measures, based on decimals, used throughout much of the world. Basic units are the gram for weight and the meter for length. When calculating conversions, the same figure (0.236) is used whether converting to or from metric. The difference is that, when converting to metric (as from cups to liters), you multiply the number of cups by 0.236 to get the equivalent in liters. When converting from metric (as from liters to cups), you divide the liters by 0.236 to get the cup equivalency.
Term
Metropolitan Hotel
Definition
Hotel located in the downtown area of a large city; usually close to shopping and other points of interest.
Term
Meunière
Definition
Sautéed in butter with lemon and parsley and seasonings (most often served with sautéed fish as in Trout Meunière).
Term
Mic
Definition
MICROPHONE.
Term
MIC
Definition
Meetings Industry Council. Local gathering of meetings industry related groups for the purpose of promoting awareness of and partnership in the industry.
Term
MICE
Definition
Meeting, Incentive, Conference/Congress, & Exhibition. An internationally used term for the events industry.
Term
Microphone
Definition
Instrument which converts sound into electrical signals for transmitting or recording sound.
Term
Microphone, Bipolar
Definition
See FIGURE EIGHT MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, Boom
Definition
MICROPHONE mounted on an extension.
Term
Microphone, Cardioid
Definition
Pronounced “car-dee-oid.” A MICROPHONE with a polar pattern that is heart-shaped. Cardioid microphones decrease gradually in sensitivity as they are rotated away from the source of sound they are aimed at.
Term
Microphone, Cordless
Definition
Portable MICROPHONE operating on its own power source. Often used to pass through an audience for questions or comments. Also Called WIRELESS MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, Figure 8
Definition
MICROPHONE with a sensitivity pattern shaped in a figure eight when seen from above.
Term
Microphone, Figure Eight
Definition
MICROPHONE with a sensitivity pattern shaped in a figure eight when seen from above.
Term
Microphone, Floor
Definition
MICROPHONE mounted on an adjustable floor stand and intended to remain in the same location throughout a presentation. Also Called STATIONARY OR STANDING MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, Hot
Definition
MICROPHONE that is turned on.
Term
Microphone, Lavaliere
Definition
A wired or wireless microphone that hooks around the neck or is clipped to clothing. Sometimes called a NECKLACE, LAPEL, or PENDANT MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, Lectern
Definition
MICROPHONE attached to a lectern. See LECTERN.
Term
Microphone, Lip
Definition
MICROPHONE designed for use in contact with the lips of the speaker.
Term
Microphone, Necklace
Definition
Portable MICROPHONE that hooks around the neck or is clipped to clothing. Sometimes called a LAVALIER, LAPEL, OR PENDANT MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, Omnidirectional
Definition
MICROPHONE that picks up sound from all directions.
Term
Microphone, Pendant
Definition
Portable MICROPHONE that hooks around the neck or is clipped to clothing. Sometimes called a NECKLACE, LAPEL, OR LAVALIER MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, PZM
Definition
Pressure Zone Microphone®. Also called a BOUNDARY Microphone. This type of microphones can be placed on a large surface such as a table, floor, wall, or lectern. It picks up sound from entire room and is often recommended for conferences, group discussions, interviews, lectures, and recordings.
Term
Microphone, Radio
Definition
MICROPHONE used for transmitting radio waves.
Term
Microphone, Roving
Definition
A small MICROPHONE, with or without a wire, which can be moved easily through an audience for questions or comments.
Term
Microphone, Shotgun
Definition
UNIDIRECTIONAL MICROPHONE that has a very narrow angle of sensitivity and can be used to collect sound from a distance because surrounding sounds are not heard.
Term
Microphone, Stationary or Standing
Definition
MICROPHONE mounted on an adjustable floor stand and intended to remain in the same location throughout a presentation. Also Called FLOOR MICROPHONE.
Term
Microphone, Table
Definition
MICROPHONE on a short stand placed on a table for seated speakers.
Term
Microphone, Unidirectional
Definition
MICROPHONE that picks up sound primarily from the direction in which it is pointed.
Term
Microphone, Wireless
Definition
Portable MICROPHONE operating on its own power source. Often used to pass through an audience for questions or comments. Also Called CORDLESS MICROPHONE.
Term
Mid Office
Definition
A record finishing and quality control processing that occurs after the initial receipt in the front office. This processing is usually accomplished using software-based office products and MIS.
Term
Midget Microphone
Definition
Small microphone.
Term
Military Meeting
Definition
An event at which attendees are affiliated with one of the armed forces, or are suppliers to the armed forces.
Term
Minestrone
Definition
Italian vegetable soup.
Term
Minimum
Definition
Smallest number of covers and/or beverage served at a catered event. A surcharge may be added to the client's bill if the minimum is not reached.
Term
Minimum Call
Definition
Agreed upon minimum number of hours of work to be done by a worker under the labor agreement. In cases where the work to be done is shorter than the minimum call, the worker is guaranteed payment for the full minimum.
Term
Minimum Connecting Time
Definition
The minimum time required for carriers to transfer passengers and baggage from one flight to another
Term
Minimum Connecting Time
Definition
The minimum time required for carriers to transfer passengers and baggage from one flight to another.
Term
Minimum Truckload
Definition
Weight above which a shipment is charged at a truckload rate.
Term
Mini-Suite
Definition
See JUNIOR SUITE.
Term
Minny
Definition
Van shipment weighing 500 lbs. or less, for which the minimum charge is the 500-lb rate. Carrier minimums vary.
Term
Minny
Definition
A van shipment weighing 500 lbs. or less, for which the minimum charge is the 500 lb. rate.
Term
MINT
Definition
Meeting Industry Network (formerly CINET or Convention Industry Network). On-line information network tracking historical and future site/booking information. CINET is provided by IACVB to its members.
Term
Minutes
Definition
Formal written record of a meeting.
Term
Misconnect
Definition
Insufficient time is allowed for connection between planes.
Term
Missed Connection
Definition
A term to describe the situation when a passenger fails to transfer to a flight.
Term
Mitre
Definition
The joint created when two pieces of material cut at equal angles butt together to form a corner.
Term
Mix
Definition
1) Visual repetitive and/or alternating projection of two different slides on the screen used to add emphasis. 2) (Sound) adjustment of each microphone for volume and sound quality.
Term
Mixed Grill
Definition
A plate of grilled or broiled meats, which can include lamb chops, beef, bacon and sausages and is usually accompanied by grilled or broiled mushrooms, tomatoes and potatoes.
Term
Mixed Truckload
Definition
Truckload of different articles, crated and uncreated, in a single shipment.
Term
Mixer
Definition
Audio unit by which sound signals from all sources feed into one system; allows for dissimilar inputs (microphone and line) to be combined and controlled into one output. See SOUND BOARD.
Term
Mixing
Definition
Combining audio or audio sources.
Term
Mixing Board
Definition
See SOUND BOARD.
Term
Mock Bearnaise Sauce
Definition
Made by adding a tarragon reduction to mayonnaise, which is more stable than Hollandaise and therefore will not break. In off-premise catering, if sauce cannot be prepared on-site, mock bearnaise must be used because the real product will not travel without breaking.
Term
Mock-Up
Definition
A full-scale model of proposed structure.
Term
MOD
Definition
Manager on Duty. Person at a facility in charge of operations and/or guest relations for a certain period of time.
Term
Model
Definition
1) An object made in miniature representing something to be constructed. 2) A person stationed in an exhibit to demonstrate a product, provide attraction to booth/stand or greet visitors. See TALENT.
Term
Modem
Definition
Modulator-demodulator. Computer component that enables a computer to send and receive data over telephone or cable lines.
Term
Moderator
Definition
Person who presides over panel discussions and forums.
Term
Modified American Plan
Definition
MAP. A type of room rate that includes breakfast and one other meal (usually dinner). See DEMI-PENSION. See Also AMERICAN PLAN, BERMUDA PLAN, CONTINENTAL PLAN, EUROPEAN PLAN.
Term
Modular Exhibit
Definition
An exhibit that uses standardized components (e.g., panels, frames) that can be assembled and reassembled in different configurations for different needs.
Term
Modular Panels
Definition
Partition units (walls, doorframes, etc.) in standard sizes, used for building booths/stands in the sizes desired in that context.
Term
Mom & Pop
Definition
A small, family-owned business. Often used in terms of a “Mom & Pop Exhibitor or Vendor."
Term
Monaural
Definition
Having one ear. Monaural headsets (with a single earpiece) are typically used by telephone operators, stage managers and disco operators.
Term
Monitor
Definition
Television set with denser pixels and direct audio and video input.
Term
Monitor
Definition
Video or audio device used to maintain a reference on the sound or video that is being sent out to the audience. Audio feeds given to performers are also referred to as monitors but do not necessarily represent the sound sent to the audience. See CUE CHANNEL.
Term
Monitor Mixing Console
Definition
Sound board used to regulate and mix sound heard on stage.
Term
Mono
Definition
See MONOPHONIC.
Term
Monochrome
Definition
Images reproduced on a black and white television system.
Term
Monophonic
Definition
Sound from one source, such as a single loudspeaker or earphone. In most concert performances, this is the type of sound provided to the audience. See PA SYSTEM.
Term
Montage
Definition
1) Composite made by combining several separate pictures.2) Rapid succession of images to illustrate an association of ideas.
Term
MOR
Definition
Middle of the Road. A mixture of contemporary, top 40, and soft music.
Term
Moral Hazard
Definition
A condition of morals or habits that increases the probability of loss from a peril. An extreme example would be an individual who previously burned his own property to collect the insurance.
Term
Mornay Sauce
Definition
Cream sauce thickened with eggs and grated cheese.
Term
Motel
Definition
An establishment that provides housing with limited services for persons away from home. Also Called MOTOR INN.
Term
Motion
Definition
Formal proposal to be discussed and voted on in a meeting.
Term
Motor Coach
Definition
A large, comfortable, well-powered bus that can transport groups and their luggage over long distances.
Term
Motor Coach Captain
Definition
Motor coach captains count passengers and are responsible for the safe loading and unloading of guests. They also assist field supervisors and venue managers.
Term
Motor Coach Field Supervisor
Definition
Person responsible for motor coaches arriving at/departing from a specific location. Coordinates with the route manager, provides updates and requests for additional motor coaches on route. Responsible for captains and human arrows at location.
Term
Motor Coach Shuttle System
Definition
A method or plan for an established, orderly transport of participants by buses between facilities.
Term
Motor Coach Tour Operator
Definition
A company that creates tours in which group members are transported via motorcoach to their destination, itinerary activities, and back.
Term
Motor Inn
Definition
An establishment that provides housing with limited services for persons away from home. See MOTEL.
Term
Motorboating
Definition
Undesirable oscillation in an amplifying system or transducer, usually of a pulse type, occurring at a low audio frequency.
Term
MOU
Definition
Memo of Understanding
Term
Moussaka
Definition
Greek layered casserole with chopped meat and vegetables.
Term
Mousse
Definition
1) Light, airy dessert dish made with beaten egg whites and whipped cream. 2) Finely ground meat, seafood, or poultry served in a mold.
Term
Mousseline
Definition
1) Any sauce to which whipped cream or beaten egg whites have been added just prior to serving to give it a light, airy consistency. Mousseline sauce is hollandaise blended with whipped cream. 2) Various dishes based on meat, fish, shellfish or foie gras to which whipped cream or, less frequently, beaten egg whites are added to lighten the texture. 3) A term applied to any of various dishes or baked goods that have a light and delicate texture.
Term
Movable Wall
Definition
Walls or light movable panels used for dividing areas or concealing an area. See PARTITION. See Also AIR WALL.
Term
Move-In
Definition
Dates set for installation. See SET-UP.
Term
Move-In/Move-Out Dates
Definition
Dates set for installation/dismantling of an exhibition.
Term
Move-Out
Definition
Dates set for dismantling. Also Called TEAR DOWN.
Term
Moving Decor
Definition
Staff or actors in costume appropriate to a theme.
Term
Moving Screen
Definition
Screen intended to provide information and to notify participants who are called away for urgent reasons during the session, without disturbing the event.
Term
MPI
Definition
Meeting Professionals International. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
MPO
Definition
Marketing promotional opportunities. Sponsorship of logoed items (e.g. tote bags).
Term
Multi-Channel
Definition
With two or more communication bands (receivers).
Term
Multi-Channel Tape
Definition
Tape having more than one channel on which to record.
Term
Multi-Image
Definition
The protection of two or more images at one time; may be one or more screens.
Term
Multi-Image Slide Presentation
Definition
Presentation using many slide projectors on one screen. The projectors are arranged so that, by fading from one projector to another, the program is presented. Often this is done on a screen that is wider than one slide image, in which case the images are registered together so as to allow one image to have a panoramic wide view. Most commonly these presentations are produced with a minimum of three projectors.
Term
Multi-Management Firm
Definition
A company that offers complete turnkey organization support for an event, including administrative and event management services.
Term
Multimedia
Definition
Use of two or more audiovisual media in one presentation.
Term
Multiple Airport Cities
Definition
Cities offering multiple airports for scheduled airline service, e.g., New York has LaGuardia and JFK; Washington, D.C. has Dulles and Reagan National.
Term
Multiple Life Experiences
Definition
The experience that adult learners bring to the learning environment that may help or hinder their learning.
Term
Multiplexer
Definition
Unit designed for selective projection of 16mm film, 2-by-2 inch (5-by-5 centimeter) slides, or filmstrips into one television program.
Term
Multipoint Bridge
Definition
A service provider of videoconferencing which allows multiple sites to connect simultaneously. A bridge connects three or more tele- or videoconference sites for simultaneous communication.
Term
Multipurpose Center
Definition
Facility that either 1) is equipped in such a way as to allow multiple types of usage (e.g., equipped with telescoping seats adaptable floor rakes or slopes, etc.) or 2) combines many single-purpose buildings under one operation.
Term
Multipurpose Facility
Definition
1) A facility that can be reconfigured for another use; for example, an arena that can be converted to an exhibit hall by retracting seats. 2) A building complex containing several different types of facilities, such as a convention center, arena, and theater.
Term
Multi-Screen
Definition
The use of two or more screens at the same time. Also Called MULTIVISION.
Term
Multi-Sensory
Definition
Relating to or involving several physiological senses.
Term
Multi-Story Exhibit
Definition
An exhibit with more than two levels or stories. See DOUBLE DECKER.
Term
Multi-Track Conference
Definition
A conference with parallel program sessions where participants have the choice to follow one or the other road or to jump from one track to the other during the duration of the event.
Term
Multivision
Definition
See MULTI-SCREEN.
Term
Murphy Bed
Definition
Retractable bed built into the wall.
Term
Music License
Definition
Control of the performance of musical compositions by the composers and authors through granting of a license to perform. Controlled by the copyright laws. See ASCAP. See Also BMI.
Term
Music Licensing
Definition
The right granted by one party to let a another party use live or recorded music through special agreements and fee structures.
Term
Music Stands
Definition
Sheet music holders of varying sizes requiring attached lights when used on darkened stage.
Term
Muslin
Definition
Wide-loomed fabric used for ceiling artwork.
Term
Mylar
Definition
Trade name for polyester sheeting, usually clear or decorative metallic reflective finish.
Term
NACE
Definition
National Association of Catering Executives. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
NACS
Definition
National Association of Consumer Shows.
Term
Name Card
Definition
Card placed on a banquet or event table, inscribed with the name of the person designated to sit at that place. See PLACE CARD. See Also TABLE TENT.
Term
Napery
Definition
Tablecloths, napkins, and other fabric table coverings.
Term
Napkin Fold
Definition
A decorative way of placing napkins at a place setting.
Term
Napoleon
Definition
Flaky, iced French pastry with cream or custard filling.
Term
National Electrical Code
Definition
A code issued by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association describing minimum wiring requirements on electrical installations. It includes sections on temporary installations (e.g. construction sites and trade shows), theatrical installations, as well as office, kitchen, and storage areas. The code does not carry the force of law unless adopted by the authority having jurisdiction.
Term
National Event
Definition
An event that draws a national audience. Typically more than 40% of attendees reside outside of a 400 mile (640 km) radius of the event city. See Also REGIONAL EVENT, STATE/PROVINCE EVENT, & LOCAL EVENT.
Term
National Union
Definition
Union having membership only within the United States.
Term
Naugahyde
Definition
A synthetic, leather-like material.
Term
NBTA
Definition
National Business Travel Association. www.nbta.org
Term
NCBMP
Definition
National Coalition of Black Meeting Planners. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
NCR Form
Definition
Multi-page pressure-sensitive form where multiple copies are made by writing on the top copy of the form. NCR stands for No-Carbon Required.
Term
Near-Plant
Definition
A situation where a company’s travel reservations occur at a travel agency or within the company and ticketing occurs at the travel agency branch by travel agency personnel.
Term
Neck Microphone
Definition
Portable microphone that hooks around the neck.
Term
Negative Image
Definition
Reversed image of art or type.
Term
Neoprene
Definition
A rubberlike material.
Term
Nesting
Definition
Multiple objects fitting together in order to conserve space and improve safety for shipping or storage.
Term
Net Fee
Definition
The amount of his/her fee a speaker will actually receive for a booking after agency or bureau fees and before expenses.
Term
Net Net
Definition
Actual cost of a travel program excluding mark-ups or commissions.
Term
Net Rate
Definition
Non-commissionable rate.
Term
Net Square Feet/Meters
Definition
Actual amount of salable space used by exhibit booths/stands which excludes aisles, lounges, registration areas, etc. See GROSS SQAURE FEET/METERS (GSF OR GSM).
Term
Net Weight
Definition
Weight of goods without the shipping container.
Term
Net Wholesale Rate
Definition
A rate usually slightly lower than the wholesale rate. The rate is marked up by retail sellers, of the tour, to cover distribution, promotion, etc.
Term
Net Worth
Definition
Assets minus liabilities.
Term
Network
Definition
Two or more computers or peripherals that are linked together for the purpose of sharing data.
Term
Networking
Definition
The exchange of information or services among individuals, groups or institutions.
Term
Neutral Beverage
Definition
Non-alcoholic drink, including soda, juice, bottled water, etc.
Term
New England Clam Chowder
Definition
Clam soup made with milk and potatoes, as opposed to Manhattan Clam Chowder, which has a tomato base.
Term
New Registration
Definition
Generally, a registration received at the conference and sometimes incurring payment of a penalty fee. See ON-SITE REGISTRATION.
Term
News Release
Definition
See PRESS RELEASE.
Term
Newsgroups
Definition
On-line discussion groups. Newsgroups make up the worldwide bulletin board system called Usenet that contains more than 14,000 newsgroups that cover every imaginable interest group.
Term
Nineteen Hundred Box
Definition
Metal electrical junction-box normally accommodating electrical receptacles.
Term
NMFC
Definition
National Motor Freight Classifications.
Term
No Freight Aisle
Definition
Areas on the exhibit floor used as a thoroughfare, so crates are prohibited. Designated with red tape. An aisle that must be kept clear at all times during installation and dismantling.
Term
Noise
Definition
Any unstructured and generally unwanted signal in an audio or video signal. Hum, buzz, hiss, crosstalk and rumble are typically classed as noise. See RANDOM NOISE. See Also WHITE NOISE, PINK NOISE.
Term
Noise Floor
Definition
Intrinsic noise of an electronic device or system. The noise that remains in the absence of signal.
Term
Noix
Definition
Walnuts.
Term
Nomenclature of the Customs Cooperation Council
Definition
The customs tariff used by many countries worldwide, including most European nations, but not the United States. It is also known as the Brussels Tariff Nomenclature. See STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION. See Also STANDARD INDUSTRIAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION.
Term
Nominal Operating Level
Definition
Design target signal level of audio circuits. See HEADROOM.
Term
Non-Performance
Definition
To neglect to carry out an agreement.
Term
Non-Profit
Definition
An organization whose members may not benefit financially from its net proceeds.
Term
Non-Refundable Fare
Definition
A fare that, once issued, cannot be refunded. Most non-refundable tickets are re-usable to some degree and can be used toward future travel on the same carrier for the same passenger if rebooked prior to the original date of travel.
Term
Non-Sked
Definition
Airline offering charter services on a non-scheduled basis.
Term
Non-Smoking Area
Definition
Room or area where smoking is prohibited.
Term
Non-Stop Flight
Definition
A flight from one city to another with no stops in between. Not to be confused with DIRECT FLIGHT.
Term
Non-Transferable
Definition
A ticket that cannot be changed to another name once issued.
Term
Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier
Definition
NVOCC. Transportation company that operates by obtaining wholesale space from other carriers and reselling it. Does not operate its own vehicles.
Term
No-Op
Definition
Flight not operating.
Term
Nori
Definition
Sheets of roasted seaweed used to wrap sushi (sticky rice and fish eaten raw).
Term
NOS
Definition
Not Otherwise Specified.
Term
No-Show
Definition
Reservation made, but not kept. Any person, group or exhibitor who fails to appear to claim a meal reservation, exhibit space or ordered service. Participant did not attend, nor cancel according to cancellation guidelines; an exhibitor that does not show up to claim booth/stand space; a hotel guest who does not honor a reservation; a speaker/entertainer who does not arrive.
Term
Not-for-Profit
Definition
An organization that exists with the intention of providing a service for its members
Term
Nouilles
Definition
Noodles.
Term
Nouvelle Cuisine
Definition
French for new cooking, referring to a culinary style, begun in the 1970s, that moved away from the rich, heavy style of classic French cuisine toward fresher, lighter food served in much smaller portions. The sauces are lighter because they're reduced instead of being thickened with flour, butter and heavy cream. Vegetables are quickly cooked and are tender yet slightly crisp.
Term
NRA
Definition
National Restaurant Association.
Term
NSA
Definition
National Speakers Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
NSPF
Definition
Not Specifically Provided For.
Term
Number Stand
Definition
Stand used to hold numbers designating specific meeting areas or reserved tables.
Term
NVOCC
Definition
Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier. See Also NON-VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIER.
Term
O/A
Definition
Open Account.
Term
O/N
Definition
Order Notify.
Term
OAG ™
Definition
Official Airline Guide. Published in geographically oriented editions, it provides information relative to airline schedules as well as airports, types of equipment, connecting times, etc.
Term
Objective
Definition
Formalized statement of outcomes to be anticipated as a result of the educational process.
Term
O'Brien
Definition
Sautéed with onions and green peppers (e.g. Corn O'Brien).
Term
Observer
Definition
Delegate to an assembly who observes and reports but does not participate officially in its activities.
Term
Obstructed View
Definition
View of stage, from audience seating, which is blocked.
Term
Occupancy Rate
Definition
1) In hotel/motel industry, the percentage of total number of available sleeping rooms actually occupied. Derived by dividing the total number of rooms occupied during a given time period (night, week, year) by the total number of rooms available for occupancy during that same period. 2) Measurement of building use, usually expressed as an annual percentage rate comparing potential facility capacity to actual usage. See EXHIBITION OCCUPANCY.
Term
Ocean Bill of Lading
Definition
A bill of lading (B/L) indicating that the exporter consigns a shipment to an international carrier for transportation to a specified international market. Unlike an inland B/L, the ocean B/L also serves as a collection document. If it is a "Straight B/L," the foreign buyer can obtain the shipment from the carrier by simply showing proof of identity. If a "Negotiable B/L" is used, the buyer must first pay for the goods, post a bond, or meet other conditions agreeable to the seller. See AIR WAYBILL. See Also INLAND BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.
Term
Octave
Definition
Doubling or halving of frequency. The numerical interval, for example, between 440 Hz and 880 Hz or 220 Hz is an octave.
Term
Oeuf
Definition
Egg.
Term
Off Camera
Definition
Performance or action not seen on camera, such as a narration.
Term
Off Premise Catering
Definition
Foods usually prepared in a central kitchen and transported for service to an off-site location.
Term
Off-Airport Location
Definition
Site of a car rental operation service ay an airport but not located on airport premises. Travelers are shuttled from the airport to the car rental site.
Term
Offer
Definition
A promise, proposal or other expression of willingness to make and carry out a contract under proposed terms with another party which has the ability to accept it upon receiving it. Space and rent proposal from a facility. It may be in the form of a contract or license agreement.
Term
Office Suite
Definition
Similar to a hospitality suite, but geared more exclusively toward typical office communications services (i.e. phone, fax, computer, copier).
Term
Official Airline
Definition
Airline contracted by the sponsor of an event to provide special deals or amenities to attendees.
Term
Official Airline Guide
Definition
OAG™. Published monthly in several geographic editions, providing information on airline schedules as well as airports, types of equipment, connecting times, etc.
Term
Official Banquet
Definition
Formally seated evening dinner which is normally included in the registration fee and at which speeches are made.
Term
Official Carrier
Definition
Airline company designated airline of choice for an event in exchange for special rates or services.
Term
Official Contractor
Definition
Organization appointed by show management to provide services such as set-up and tear-down of exhibit booths and to oversee labor, drayage and loading dock procedures. Also known as GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR.
Term
Official Language
Definition
Language in which an organization states that it will conduct all of its business.
Term
Official Opening
Definition
Ceremony, ribbon cutting, etc. to proclaim event officially opened.
Term
Official Reception
Definition
Reception for conference participants hosted by local or governmental authorities or other officials.
Term
Official Supplier/ Contractor
Definition
A supplier appointed by the event organizer to be the preferred provider of a given service. See GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR.
Term
Off-Line
Definition
1) Non-route airline ticketing service. 2) Computer application performed while not connected to a computer network.
Term
Off-Line Connection
Definition
Connection through a particular city with a change of aircraft and continuing on same airline. See INTERLINE CONNECTION.
Term
Off-Season
Definition
See LOW SEASON.
Term
Offset
Definition
1) A photographic printing process. 2) Transfer of freshly printed wet image onto back of another sheet of paper.
Term
Offshore Meeting
Definition
An event taking place outside of the country of the originating body.
Term
Off-Site
Definition
A term that describes any function or activity that occurs away from the primary event facility. Examples of its use include “Off-Site Food & Beverage,” “Off-Site Venue,” etc. See OFF PREMISE CATERING. Compare With ON-SITE.
Term
Offstage
Definition
Not in view of the audience.
Term
Oignon
Definition
French for onion.
Term
Oil Cloth
Definition
Waterproof material used for signs, banners, table coverings, etc.
Term
On Consumption
Definition
A term used in food and beverage that refers to the purchasing option based on the amount utilized by the group. The organization pays for the food and beverage based on the actual food and beverage served.
Term
On-Airport Location
Definition
A car rental operation at an airport terminal.
Term
On-Center
Definition
Refers to measurement of space from center of a solid object (such as a COLUMN) to another point.
Term
On-Demand
Definition
1) The opposite of real-time. 2) Audio and/or video programming available on a Web site after the completion of an event, providing this content so Web site visitors can listen or view at their discretion. 3) FAX system for sending out faxed material upon request.
Term
One for Fifty
Definition
Often represented as 1/50. Facility complimentary room policy: one complimentary room night for every fifty room nights picked up and paid for. While 1/50 was once the standard, the complimentary policies vary per hotel and/or event.
Term
One Shot
Definition
Exhibit or display fabricated for one use only.
Term
One Ten/Sixty
Definition
Common term describing normally available current in North American Continent. The full expression is 110 volt/60 cycle. Many European and South American areas have 220 volt/50 cycle power only.
Term
One-Sheet
Definition
A one-sheet piece of printed advertising. These are often produced and distributed to help promote a speaker’s product or services.
Term
One-Stop-Shop
Definition
A single source provider of goods or services.
Term
Online
Definition
1) Connected to a computer network, such as the Internet. 2) Accessible via a computer or computer network.
Term
On-Line Connection
Definition
1) Change of planes on same airline. 2) Internet Service Provider or browser.
Term
Online Registration
Definition
Registration made via the Web.
Term
On-Site
Definition
A term that describes any function or activity that occurs at the primary event facility. An example of its use is “On-Site Food & Beverage,” which is food and beverage ordered through a headquarters hotel’s catering department. See OFF PREMISE CATERING. Compare With OFF-SITE.
Term
On-Site Management
Definition
Details that the event manager must supervise at the site of the event.
Term
On-Site Office
Definition
Organizations' temporary headquarters office that is set up on-site to handle business during the event.
Term
On-Site Order
Definition
See FLOOR ORDER.
Term
On-Site Registration
Definition
Process of signing up for an event on the day of, or at the site of, the event.
Term
Opaque Projector
Definition
Equipment designed to project the image of an opaque object, such as a sheet of paper.
Term
Open
Definition
Rooms are available for sale or occupancy.
Term
Open Bar
Definition
Private room bar set up where guests do not pay for drinks. See HOST BAR. See Also SPONSORED BAR.
Term
Open End
Definition
1) Unlimited number of winners. See INCENTIVE TRAVEL. 2) Roundtrip airline ticket with no return date. 3) No final amount or date established.
Term
Open Insurance Policy
Definition
A marine insurance policy that applies to all shipments made by an exporter over a period of time rather than to one shipment only.
Term
Open Jaw
Definition
An itinerary with flights into one city and departure from another, e.g., travel from Dallas to Reno, return from Denver to Dallas.
Term
Open Seating
Definition
1) Guests can sit anywhere. 2) Extra banquet tables are placed, but not fully set; these can be prepared quickly if there are more guests than expected.
Term
Open Shop
Definition
Company in which union membership is not a condition of employment. Usually, a company which has no union at all.
Term
Open Space Session
Definition
Breakout facilitation where topics for conversation emerge from the group. People who want to lead a conversation post discussion topics during a morning news gathering. Then, participants split up and go to the topic area they want to discuss. Everyone is asked to go to the topic that they have the most passion and interest around. The underlying assumption is that whoever shows up to the topic are the right people to be there. No assignments are made. Each group is asked to take notes so that they can share back or publish their ideas. Some people may decide to be "butterflies" moving from group to group over the course of the conversation time. If no one shows up it means that there is no interest in that topic. People can make more of a difference and have a greater impact on things that they are passionate about.
Term
Open Ticket
Definition
Ticket, valid for transportation between certain points, indicating no specific reservation.
Term
Open Union
Definition
Union which maintains no prohibitive restrictions for membership. It may be a union which agrees to accept any qualified employee of the employer as a member of the union.
Term
Open-Ended
Definition
Type of question format in which respondents are asked to communicate a response in their own words.
Term
Opening Address
Definition
Formal speech given at the commencement of a meeting to welcome participants; usually given by an eminent person. See KEYNOTE.
Term
Opening Ceremony
Definition
The formal general session at the beginning of a congress or convention.
Term
Opening Hours
Definition
Hours during which an exhibition is open to the public or trade visitors.
Term
Opening Session
Definition
Meeting or meetings of a predetermined period of time, which begin a congress or convention and in which the principal items on the agenda are usually introduced. Usually a general or plenary session.
Term
Operations
Definition
Performing the practical work of operating a program. Usually involves the in-house control and handling of all phases of the services, both with suppliers and with clients.
Term
Operations Manager
Definition
Individual in charge of performing the practical and detailed work of program. See OPERATIONS.
Term
Operator
Definition
A loose term that may mean Destination Management Company (DMC).
Term
Optical Sound
Definition
Sound that is recorded by photographic means on film.
Term
Opt-In
Definition
An email marketing campaign that only sends messages to users who have requested (or opted-in) to receive specific types of information. Email conference reminders and newsletters are examples of opt-in email marketing campaigns based upon permission marketing. See PERMISSION MARKETING.
Term
Option
Definition
1) Space which is reserved but not yet contracted for. The right of first refusal to confirm a tentative space reservation if there is demand from another group. See TENTATIVE HOLD. 2) Options - Activities other than those included in the formal agenda which are optional and often require the payment of an additional participation fee done at the guest's discretion.
Term
Option Date
Definition
A prearranged date by which a hotel or facility will no longer hold tentative arrangements for a group.
Term
Optional Tour
Definition
A TOUR or side trip offered at a designated date, time and price.
Term
OR
Definition
Owner’s Risk.
Term
Oral Presentation
Definition
Contribution made verbally.
Term
Oration
Definition
A formal and dignified public discourse.
Term
Orator
Definition
Someone who speaks eloquently in public.
Term
Order of Preference
Definition
A system which ranks dignitaries according to international protocol for purposes of seating, honors or ceremonies.
Term
Organizer
Definition
The entity that produces the event.
Term
Organizing Committee
Definition
A group of local people who carry out the strategies and policies established for the organization of an event held in their geographic area. See LOCAL HOST. See Also EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Term
Organizing Secretariat
Definition
Staff providing secretarial services to the organizer.
Term
Original Language
Definition
Initial language in which a document is drafted or a speech is delivered.
Term
OS&D
Definition
Over, Short and Damage.
Term
Oscillation
Definition
Moving back and forth in the same path. May also refer to electric voltages that move back and forth through a zero voltage reference.
Term
Oscillator
Definition
Device that oscillates. Sound is the oscillation of air caused by a mechanical oscillation such as that from a moving piano string or drum head. An electronic oscillator is a device containing circuits designed to produce electrical oscillations that are maintained, usually at a constant amplitude, and may have other specific characteristics that suit them for use as circuit test signals.
Term
Oscilloscope
Definition
Electronic test instrument which produces a visible image of electrical signals such as oscillations or waveforms on a viewing screen.
Term
OSHA
Definition
Occupational Safety and Health Act.
Term
OT
Definition
1) Overtime. 2) On Truck or Railway.
Term
OT Labor
Definition
Work performed on overtime, billed at either time-and-one-half or twice the published labor rates.
Term
OTR
Definition
Over the Road. Freight that moves on the road, typically shipped directly to the convention center.
Term
Out of Order
Definition
OOO. Room under renovation or requiring maintenance.
Term
Out Take
Definition
Taped or filmed scenes not used in the final production.
Term
Outbound Operator
Definition
A company that takes groups from a given city or country to another city or country.
Term
Outbound Tour
Definition
Any tour that takes groups outside a given city or country to another city or country. Compare With INBOUND TOUR.
Term
Outlets
Definition
1) Electrical outlets. 2) Restaurants, lounges or retail stores within a facility.
Term
Out-Plant
Definition
Company’s travel reservations occur at company’s travel department staffed by company; ticketing occurs at travel agency.
Term
Outside Exhibit
Definition
Booth/stand located outdoors.
Term
Outside Line
Definition
Telephone line from in-house phone to the outside (off-property) phone, obtained through the in-house operator.
Term
Outside Vendor
Definition
Supplier who is not directly associated with the facility.
Term
Outsource
Definition
To subcontract a task or responsibility to a supplier to handle some aspect of an event.
Term
Outsourcing
Definition
Hiring an outside firm or individual to perform the task instead of using in-house staff; to subcontract a task or responsibility to a third party.
Term
Overage
Definition
Surplus, excess, or extra.
Term
Overbooked
Definition
1) A Hotel accepting sleeping room reservations for more hotel sleeping rooms than are available; guests overstay leaving less room inventory for new guests. 2) Oversold airline flights.
Term
Overbooking
Definition
The practice of confirming more seats or rooms than are actually available. Suppliers state they must overbook to compensate for the high rate of no-show passengers.
Term
Overflow
Definition
Attendees booked into other facilities after headquarters facilities are full.
Term
Overhead
Definition
1) The general continuing costs involved with running a business. 2) Sheet of clear acetate on which images are prepared for overhead projection.
Term
Overhead Projector
Definition
Equipment which projects an image on a screen by passing light through a transparent slide or other transparency.
Term
Overlay
Definition
1) Clear acetate film used to separate different components of art work. 2) Tissue sheet over artwork on which corrections or alterations are indicated. 3) A panel mounted to another surface. 4) A second, smaller tablecloth used for decorative purposes at banquets. See DOUBLE CLOTH.
Term
Overnight Service
Definition
Relates to airfreight service. Overnight does not necessarily mean 24-hour delivery as carriers deal in business days. For example, unless a Saturday or Sunday delivery is specifically requested, tendering an overnight shipment to a carrier on a Friday provides for a Monday delivery. In addition, a shipment might not move until the following day, depending on the time of day it is picked up or loaded. For example, an overnight shipment picked up from a show site at 10:00 pm on Tuesday may not be delivered until Thursday.
Term
Overnight Stays
Definition
The total nights spent by an attendee at a housing facility during an event, and before and after the event.
Term
Override
Definition
A commission over and above the normal base commission percentage.
Term
Over-Set
Definition
Number of covers set over the guarantee. Paid for by the client only if actually consumed.
Term
Oversold
Definition
Number of confirmed reservations exceeds number of seats on the aircraft. See OVERBOOKED.
Term
Overstay
Definition
A guest who stays at a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days longer than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called STAY OVER, UNDER DEPART. Compare With UNDERSTAY.
Term
Overtime
Definition
Time worked by an employee outside of, or in addition to, regular working time or beyond the standard forty-hour workweek.
Term
PA System
Definition
Facility's in-house public-address system.
Term
Pacing
Definition
Fullness or emptiness, fastness or slowness of a tour itinerary. The scheduling of activities within an itinerary to make for a realistic operation and to give a certain balance of travel time sightseeing, social events and free time and rest.
Term
Package
Definition
1) A combination of benefits received by workers as a result of collective bargaining. A package may include wage increases and other benefits or monetary value, such as insurance, paid holidays, paid vacations, and sick leave. The parties agree to a specified amount of increase to be partly applied to rates of pay and partly to the financing of the related benefits. 2) A single-fee booth/stand package offered by event management which might include booth/stand space, one electrical outlet, one table, two chairs and one hour of labor. 3) Tour arrangements combined and sold at a single all-inclusive price.
Term
Package Plan
Definition
A preassembled assortment of services offered to the exhibitor at a fixed price. In catering, refers to purchasing liquor and/or food at a set price per person. For event management, it is providing furniture and/or services to exhibitors for a single fee.
Term
Package Tour
Definition
A travel offering which provides, at an inclusive price, several travel components that a traveler would otherwise purchase separately.
Term
Packager
Definition
1) An individual or organization that coordinates and promotes the development of a package tour and establishes operating procedures and guidelines for that tour. 2) Company that organizes speakers’ demo tapes, press kits, etc. for a fee.
Term
Packet
Definition
The unit of data sent across a packet-switching network. It contains a destination address.
Term
Packet Switching
Definition
The method used to move data around on the Internet. In packet switching, all the data coming out of a machine is broken up into chunks. Each chunk has both an origination and destination address.
Term
Packing Case
Definition
See SHIPPING CASE. See Also CRATE.
Term
Packing List
Definition
A list showing the number and kinds of items being shipped, as well as other information needed for transportation purposes.
Term
Pad
Definition
1) To apply attenuation to a signal (e.g. line level to mic level pad.) A very commonly overlooked problem in audio when interfacing VCRs etc. to mic level inputs in ballrooms, event rooms, etc. A pad can be applied most often by using a 'filter direct box'. 2) A tablet of paper placed on the table for classroom or conference seating.
Term
Pad Thai
Definition
Thai noodle dish.
Term
Pad Wrap
Definition
See BLANKET WRAP.
Term
Padded Van Shipment
Definition
Shipment, by moving van, of crated or uncrated goods such as large pieces of furniture or display material.
Term
Padding
Definition
1) Usually blanket protection for uncrated material. 2) Slipping extra (unwarranted) charges onto an invoice.
Term
Padlock
Definition
Removable lock with a shackle that can be passed through a staple, ring, or link and then closed securely.
Term
Pads
Definition
Commonly referred to as moving blankets, these have cotton fill and quilted design to keep filler in place and protect shipments.
Term
Paella
Definition
Spanish rice dish.
Term
Pager
Definition
Portable, wireless unit that can receive a signal and brief voice or text message.
Term
Paid Out
Definition
In-house facility form authorizing cash withdrawal to be charged to master account or individual guest.
Term
Paid-in-Advance Registration
Definition
Full payment for anticipated room and tax charges at registration; credit for incidentals is not extended. See CASH REGISTRATION.
Term
Pain
Definition
Bread.
Term
Pain Grillé
Definition
Toasted bread.
Term
Pallet
Definition
Wooden platform used to carry goods. See SKID.
Term
Pallet Wrap
Definition
Process of wrapping loose items on pallet with transparent plastic wrapping.
Term
Pan
Definition
Panorama. Sideways movement of a camera to film a wide scene.
Term
Pan Pot
Definition
Two-circuit volume control used to place the auditory image of a sound from a mixer channel between the left and right speakers.
Term
Panaché
Definition
Mixed vegetables (usually two vegetables).
Term
Pane
Definition
Prepared with bread crumbs.
Term
Panel Discussion
Definition
Instructional technique using a group of people chosen to discuss a topic in the presence of an audience.
Term
Panel Dolly
Definition
L-shaped dolly with wheels on both the vertical and horizontal sides. Used for moving display panels.
Term
Panel System
Definition
A prefabricated exhibit composed of connected panels of various sizes and shapes.
Term
Paper Ticket
Definition
A physical ticket that is issued and presented to the airline representative in exchange for a boarding pass.
Term
PAR
Definition
1) Common term for sealed beam spot or flood lamp with self-contained lens surfaced glass. 2) In golf, one less than bogey.
Term
Par Lamp
Definition
A lamp shaped like an automobile headlight that consists of a tungsten source housed in an enclosed lens, which produces a rectangular beam.
Term
Parabolic Screen
Definition
Type of front projection screen surface which is rigid and allows only narrow angle viewing.
Term
Parallax
Definition
Illusion of opacity resulting from the juxtaposition of translucent or polarized surfaces. Also achieved when rows of panels or fins are spaced in such a way as to be seen through when viewed directly, but that appear to be opaque when viewed from an angle.
Term
Parallel Session
Definition
Session which has some correspondence, similarity, or analogy of subject and aim is simultaneous with another session.
Term
Parcan
Definition
A 150 watt to 1000 watt lighting instrument that acts like a floodlight providing an even light over a specific area; frequently seen in polished aluminum version, hanging in large groups from a ground support or flying truss system.
Term
Parking Attendant
Definition
A person who is employed to assist people in parking their motor vehicles in a designated area.
Term
Parlor
Definition
Room, usually equipped with couches that make into beds, connected to a suite bedroom.
Term
Parlor Suite
Definition
Hotel living room, usually with a hide-a-bed sofa, connected to an adjoining sleeping room.
Term
Parmentier
Definition
Served with potatoes.
Term
Participant
Definition
A person who takes part in an event. Compare With ATTENDEE.
Term
Participatory Learning
Definition
Occurs when the participants share knowledge, experience and work together to learn.
Term
Particle Board
Definition
A structural panel of compressed glued wood chips.
Term
Partition
Definition
See DIVIDER. See Also MOVABLE WALL, SCREEN.
Term
Party Planner
Definition
Similar to corporate-event producer or DMC. Works with noncorporate clients to design and implement private parties.
Term
Pascal
Definition
The unit of pressure or stress in the International System of Units (SI). In the United States, PSI (Pounds per Square Inch) is used instead. See PSI.
Term
Pass
Definition
Identification card to enable exhibitors to gain access to an exhibition.
Term
Passive Crossover
Definition
Electrical device composed of coils of wire (inductors) and electrical capacitors, that separates audio frequency bands by filtering action and routes them to different places (such as a woofer and tweeter). The frequency of the crossover’s action is determined by the value of the electronic components inside, and by the loudspeaker driver’s impedance in ohms, which implies that replacing a 16-ohm driver in a particular system with an 8-ohm driver will change the crossover frequency. In such a case, the frequency will rise an octave and the shape of the crossover frequency response slopes will be distorted. Also Called HIGH-LEVEL CROSSOVER.
Term
Passive Language
Definition
Language into which interpretation is provided.
Term
Passport
Definition
Government document permitting an individual to leave and re-enter his/her country of legal residence.
Term
Passport
Definition
A government issued document that allows the citizen of one country to travel into other countries. Required for all international travel.
Term
Pasta
Definition
Italian for paste, includes spaghetti, rigatoni, mostaccioli, elbows, bowties, fettucini and many other varieties of dried paste.
Term
Paste-Up
Definition
Arrangement of type and illustrations on an art board.
Term
Pastry Cart
Definition
Selection of desserts on a rolling serving cart.
Term
Patch
Definition
1) To temporarily join wires or slides by overlapping. 2) Plug-in connection between two lines.
Term
Patch Bay
Definition
See PATCH PANEL.
Term
Patch Panel
Definition
Plug and jack assembly permitting studio outlets to be temporarily connected to dimmer outlet circuits; also found in studio sound systems. Also Called PATCH BAY.
Term
Pâté
Definition
A combination of finely ground meats and spices forming a loaf. Some pates are spreadable, some are sliced. Classical meats used include goose liver, duck liver, chicken liver, and veal. Usually served as an appetizer.
Term
Pâté de Foie Gras
Definition
(paw tay de foy graw) Paste made from goose liver.
Term
Patron
Definition
1) Guest or Customer. 2) Person who heads a list of supporters.
Term
Patronage
Definition
Referring to an established customer base.
Term
Pattern of Event Dates
Definition
The dates during which an event can be conducted. May be designated by specific dates, months, or seasons (Spring, Fall, etc.). An example description is “September 1 - October 30 (excluding Labor Day, Jewish Holidays). This annual meeting must begin on Thursday and end on Saturday.”
Term
Pavilion
Definition
1) A designated area within the event highlighting a special product category for marketing and exposure. 2) A group presentation of different companies for the purpose of generating collected impact.
Term
PAX
Definition
Industry abbreviation for passengers.
Term
Pay Own
Definition
Each guest pays own guest charges. See EPO.
Term
Payment Authorization
Definition
Signed authority to proceed with the payment of an invoice.
Term
Payment Order
Definition
Written authorization for payment to be made.
Term
Pay-Per-View
Definition
1) Some Web-based content such as event Webcasts are made available to online customers on a pay-per-view basis, which means that customers have to pay to access this programming. 2) Video productions accessible to customers who pay for access to this programming.
Term
PBX Operator
Definition
Switchboard operator.
Term
PCMA
Definition
Professional Convention Management Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
PCO
Definition
Professional Congress Organizer. European term for DMC (Destination Management Company). Local supplier who can arrange, manage and/or plan any function or service an event.
Term
PD
Definition
See PER DIEM.
Term
Peach Melba
Definition
A classic dessert of ice cream served on a peach half and topped with raspberry syrup and whipped cream.
Term
Peak Night
Definition
Referring to the night during an event when most rooms are occupied by those in attendance.
Term
Peak Season
Definition
See HIGH SEASON.
Term
Peaks
Definition
Chart or list of AV equipment usage shown as daily totals throughout the duration of an event.
Term
Pêche
Definition
Peach.
Term
Pedestal
Definition
A floor support for an exhibit component.
Term
Pegboard Panel
Definition
Framed panel of perforated hardboard.
Term
Pegged Off
Definition
An object mounted away from supporting surface with spacers.
Term
Peking Duck
Definition
Chinese recipe.
Term
Penalty
Definition
The fee imposed by an airline to change or cancel flights once the ticket (usually a discounted advance purchase) has been issued.
Term
Pending Registration
Definition
Incomplete registration where the fees, full payment or forms have not been received. Also Called PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION.
Term
Peninsula
Definition
Two or more exhibit spaces back to back with an aisle on three sides. Also Called END CAP.
Term
Peninsula Booth/Stand
Definition
An exhibit with aisles on three sides.
Term
Penthouse Suite
Definition
Guest rooms and connecting parlors located on the top floors of a facility.
Term
People Magnets
Definition
Promotional ideas and devices that have a compelling ability to draw audiences.
Term
PER
Definition
Post Event Report. A report of the details and activities of an event. A collection of post event reports over time will provide the complete history for an event. See POST EVENT REPORT.
Term
Per Diem
Definition
Per day. Some event attendees, such as government employees, have a limited amount of money they can spend per day on food and other expenses. Daily allowance for items like food, lodging, etc.
Term
Per Person
Definition
1) Daily allowance for things like food, lodging, etc. 2) Goods or services priced and/or purchased according to the number of guests expected to attend the event.
Term
Per Room Rate
Definition
A flat rate charged for a room regardless of the number of occupants.
Term
Percent of the Gross
Definition
Type of payment involving a fixed percent of the gross income for that service. This type of agreement is often used by facilities as the rental.
Term
Percent of the Net
Definition
Type of payment involving a fixed percent of the net income after costs of providing that service. This type of payment is often used in services provided by exclusive contractors within a facility.
Term
Percentage
Definition
A payment of a percentage of total billings as a condition of getting a contract for work; commission.
Term
Percentage of Change Formula
Definition
Formula used to establish the variability in cost for future facility services.
Term
Perfect Binding
Definition
Binding process by which pages are glued together.
Term
Performing Rights Societies
Definition
Societies whose purpose is to provide collective licensing for copyrighted music. Examples include BMI and SESAC.
Term
Perimeter Booth/Stand
Definition
Exhibit space located on an outside wall. See BACKWALL BOOTH/STAND.
Term
Perimeter Seating
Definition
Seating arrangement in which chairs are placed around the walls of a room. The chairs are often meant for spectators to observe an activity or event in the center of the room.
Term
Peripheral
Definition
Piece of computer equipment intended to increase the function of the system (printer, CD-ROM, etc); audiovisual aids used in an event room.
Term
Peripheral Block
Definition
A group of rooms that is reserved by a party outside of the ECB but is present in the city as a result of the Main Event (for example, some exhibitors, some international tour groups). A Peripheral Block’s consumed room nights should be credited to the Main Event’s total room nights for historical tracking purposes. A Peripheral Block may be used to help offset attrition charges against the ECB A Peripheral Block usually negotiates its own terms (for example, 1/50, staff rate, etc.). How do you identify Peripheral Blocks? Event organizers should require each contracted housing facility to report (to the event organizer) what groups are in-house at the same time as the Main Event. Each housing facility should include tour and travel, and wholesalers’ reservations which were booked individually over the dates of the Main Event. See also EVENT-CONTRACTED BLOCK.
Term
Perk
Definition
Payment, benefit, or privilege received in addition to regular income or salary. See PERQUISITE.
Term
Permanent Exhibit
Definition
A product display held on a long-term basis, i.e., museum exhibit, office exhibit, mart, showroom, etc.
Term
Permanent Import
Definition
In case of sales, with payment of duties and value added tax (VAT), or in case of free distribution, disposable or consumables usually exempted from payment of duties and VAT depending on each country. Quantity and value exempted at discretion of customs authorities.
Term
Permanent Office
Definition
Appointment on a permanent basis to a specific responsibility within an organization; work space existing for a long time.
Term
Permission Marketing
Definition
An email marketing campaign that only sends messages to users who have requested (or opted-in) to receive specific types of information. Email conference reminders and newsletters are examples of opt-in email marketing campaigns based upon permission marketing. See OPT-IN.
Term
Permit Card
Definition
Card granting temporary employment rights to a non-union member, issued by a union having a closed contract with an employer.
Term
Perquisite
Definition
Perk. Payment, benefit, or privilege received in addition to regular income or salary.
Term
Personal Manager
Definition
Manager of individual artist or group of artists.
Term
PERT
Definition
Program Evaluation and Review Techniques.
Term
PERT Chart
Definition
Organizational flow chart defining responsibilities, due dates and other information.
Term
Petite Marmite
Definition
French soup with small pieces of beef and vegetables, served in small covered pots with toast float.
Term
Phantom Power
Definition
Method of providing power to a microphone through the microphone cord that may otherwise need a battery in a power supply case.
Term
Phased Budget
Definition
Estimated total of revenue and expenditure; divided into subject categories projecting cash needed to meet expenses over a specific time frame. See CASH FLOW CHART. See Also BUDGET.
Term
Phosphorescent Paint
Definition
A paint that radiates visibly when activated by ultraviolet light.
Term
Photo Screen
Definition
A stencil made photographically for silk screen reproduction.
Term
Photostat
Definition
A reproductive process employing paper negatives.
Term
Phyllo
Definition
Flaky pastry dough.
Term
Physical Factors
Definition
The architectural design, furnishing, temperature, and other such factors that impact the learning environment.
Term
Physical Hazard
Definition
Specific tangible conditions that increase the likelihood that a loss will be greater in severity.
Term
Physiological Factors
Definition
Factors related to age, memory span, etc, that impact how an adult learns.
Term
Phytosanitary Inspection Certificate
Definition
A certificate, issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to satisfy import regulations of other countries, indicating that a U.S. shipment has been inspected and is free from harmful plant diseases.
Term
Piano Hinge
Definition
Continuous fixed pin hinge.
Term
Piano Types
Definition
Pianos vary in size and quality: concert grand, baby grand, spinet, and upright.
Term
Pica
Definition
Unit to measure type line length. Approximately 1/6 inch (.43 centimeter).
Term
Picket
Definition
An organized method of protest usually involving signs, handling out literature, shouting and other disruptive activities.
Term
Pick-Up
Definition
Number of facility guest rooms actually used out of a room block.
Term
Pièce de Resistance
Definition
Main course of a meal. Called the entree in U.S.
Term
Pied Piper
Definition
An individual with a following. Used in the travel industry to refer to a person who may recruit a group. See GROUP LEADER.
Term
Pier Demurrage
Definition
A charge assessed when the container is removed from the carrier’s control and is not returned within the allowable free time. See CONTAINER DETENTION.
Term
Pierogi
Definition
A thin layer of dough, wrapped around a filling, such as cabbage, potato, cheese, prune, etc.
Term
Piggy-Back
Definition
Describes the act of loading freight on trailers, then shipping the trailers on specially designed rail cars.
Term
Pilaster
Definition
A rectangular column that usually projects about a third of its width from the wall to which it is attached.
Term
Pillow Gift
Definition
An in-room amenity left in the evening while an event is underway, that the attendee will discover upon returning to the room. Can be gifts from sponsors, etc.
Term
Pink Noise
Definition
Filtered white noise that exhibits a constant power in any band of frequencies of the same span percentage. Pink noise is used extensively as an audio measurement signal source because of its uniform power-per-bandwidth characteristic, and it has been suggested that music source material, averaged over a log time period, is roughly equivalent to pink noise in spectral energy distribution. See NOISE.
Term
Pipe & Drape
Definition
Light-weight aluminum tubing and drapery used to separate exhibit booths/stands, staging areas, and other similar locations.
Term
Piquant
Definition
(peek aunt) Spicy; highly seasoned.
Term
Pit
Definition
Sunken area in front of the stage used to accommodate the orchestra.
Term
Pita
Definition
Envelope or pocket bread.
Term
Pitch
Definition
1) Distance between rows of seats on an aircraft. 2) The determining factor of the key of a melody. 3). The adjustable, vertical angle of a given piece of presentation equipment (e.g. a screen, camera or projector).
Term
Pixie Tubes
Definition
Special high intensity lamps with internal circuits and filaments in shape of numerals.
Term
Place Card
Definition
Card placed on the banquet table, inscribed with the name of the person designated to sit at that place.
Term
Place of Birth
Definition
Denotes place of birth (not necessarily nationality).
Term
Place Setting
Definition
Another name for cover (a combination of flatware, glassware, china and napery).
Term
Plan
Definition
A top view mechanical drawing.
Term
Planagement
Definition
Term coined to represent good management through proper planning.
Term
Planner
Definition
Person whose job it is to oversee and arrange every aspect of an event. Person can be an employee or hired ad hoc by large companies, professional associations, or trade associations to plan, organize, implement, and control meetings, conventions, and other events.
Term
Planning Matrix
Definition
A grid used to plan meeting formats and finalize subject areas, topics and assignments.
Term
Planting
Definition
The use of trees and plants to enhance the appearance of an exhibit or a stage.
Term
Plastic Laminate
Definition
Any one of several of the melamine plastics bonded to paneling for durability and appearance.
Term
Plateau
Definition
Level, stage, or tier of an incentive travel program at which sales goal has been reached, and participant can then advance to a higher tier by additional qualifying or buy-in.
Term
Plated Buffet
Definition
Selection of preplated foods and entrees set on a buffet table. Can also be set on a roll-in cart.
Term
Plated Service
Definition
Foods arranged on individual plates in the kitchen and then served to guests seated at a table. See AMERICAN SERVICE.
Term
Platform
Definition
Raised horizontal surface, stage, or flooring.
Term
Play On/Off
Definition
Music which accompanies a performer’s or speaker’s entrance/exit onto or from the stage.
Term
Player-Recorder
Definition
Machine which can be used both for recording tapes and for playing back prerecorded tapes.
Term
Plenary Session
Definition
General assembly for all participants.
Term
Plexiglas
Definition
A trade name for acrylic plastic material in common use.
Term
Plug
Definition
An advertisement, not in the form of a formal ad, but usually a mention—either written or in a publication or given verbally from the platform to help promote a product, service, or individual.
Term
Plug Strip
Definition
This is a power strip that can be plugged into a 120-volt power supply and allows up to six items to be plugged in. It has its own surge protector built inside and they are used in lieu of cube taps and cobra head extension cords.
Term
Plug-In
Definition
Extends the capabilities of a Web browser, allowing the browser to run multimedia files. A (usually small) piece of software that adds features to a larger piece of software.
Term
Plumber
Definition
Trade person responsible for all plumbing installation.
Term
Plus Plus
Definition
Addition of taxes and service charges to a price when not included, designated by + +.
Term
Plywood
Definition
Laminated wood of an odd number of sheets glued together. Often used in exhibit construction.
Term
PNR
Definition
Passenger Name Record. A record a travel counselor creates in a CRS / GDS when making a reservation for a traveler. It contains information about a traveler's itinerary that includes the identifying code letters and numbers assigned to the reservation. The PNR forms the basic unit of information from which travel management reports are compiled. See also SABRE.
Term
Pocket Program
Definition
At-a-glance program. A shortened version of the event program giving basic information in a way which is easy to refer to and convenient to carry. See AT-A-GLANCE PROGRAM.
Term
Podium
Definition
Raised platform where a speaker stands when delivering his or her remarks. Often confused with LECTERN. See Also DAIS, RISER.
Term
Point
Definition
1) Measurement of type size. Twelve points equal one pica—approximately 1/6 inch (.43 centimeter). 2) A city, town, village, or other community or area which is treated as a unit for the application of freight rates.
Term
Point Source
Definition
Sound originating from a single source, or as if from a single source, and filling an entire space. This type of sound system is most often seen in a concert configuration, where the stage and sound system is at one end of the room and no additional sources of sound are used.
Term
Point-of-Purchase
Definition
Display to show product, where sales can be made.
Term
Point-to-Multipoint Videoconference
Definition
A videoconference of more than two sites.
Term
Poire
Definition
Pear.
Term
Pois
Definition
(pwas) Peas.
Term
Poisson
Definition
(pwa son) Fish.
Term
Polar Pattern
Definition
Performance of a speaker or sensitivity of a microphone as if seen on a circular graph with the device being in the center and the pattern representing the distance from the device at which equal performance can be obtained around a circle.
Term
Polar Response
Definition
See POLAR PATTERN.
Term
Poly
Definition
See VISQUEEN.
Term
Pomme
Definition
Apple.
Term
Pomme de Terre
Definition
Potato (literally, apple of the earth).
Term
Pommes au Four
Definition
Potatoes baked in their skins.
Term
Pommes Nouvelle
Definition
New potatoes.
Term
Pommes Purées
Definition
Mashed potatoes.
Term
Pop-Up
Definition
Lightweight display normally shipped in molded plastic crates. See PORTABLE EXHIBIT.
Term
Port of Entry
Definition
Destination providing customs and immigration services.
Term
Portable Exhibit
Definition
An exhibit that "pops-up" or a self-contained exhibit that is lightweight and easily set up.
Term
Portable Exhibit
Definition
Lightweight crated display units which do not require forklifts to move them.
Term
Portal
Definition
1) Entry, doorway. 2) A Web site or service that offers a broad array of resources and services, such as email, forums, search engines, and online shopping malls to attract and retain a large audience.
Term
Porters
Definition
1) Staff which carry luggage for guests using trains, planes, and hotels. 2) Staff which perform cleaning duties.
Term
Portrait
Definition
1) Document or sign with greater height than width. Opposite of Landscape. 2) Likeness of a person in a painting or photograph.
Term
Positive
Definition
1) Favorable condition/outcome. 2) Exact image of copy as distinguished from reverse image or negative.
Term
Post
Definition
Metal upright used to support drapes.
Term
Post As
Definition
Instructions to a facility indicated the exact way a specific function should be listed on the facility’s reader board.
Term
Post Conference
Definition
Any event which is arranged for the period immediately following the conference proper.
Term
Post Convention Report
Definition
See POST EVENT REPORT.
Term
Post Event Report
Definition
PER. The industry preferred term for a report of the details and activities of an event. A collection of post event reports over time will provide the complete History for an event. The industry accepted practice is to use the APEX POST EVENT REPORT, which can be found at the Convention Industry Council (www.conventionindustry.org).
Term
Post-Con Meeting
Definition
A meeting at the primary facility at which an event occurred just after it has ended. Attendees generally include the primary event organizer, representatives of the event organizer/host organization, department heads at the facility, other facility staff as appropriate, and contractors. The agenda focuses on evaluating the implementation of the event and completing the APEX POST EVENT REPORT. It often includes a final review of bills with accounts payable. Compare With PRE-CON MEETING.
Term
Post-Conference Registration
Definition
Registration for an activity or function which follows an event.
Term
Post-Conference Reservation
Definition
Guest room space following a conference.
Term
Post-Consumer Material
Definition
An end product that has completed its life cycle as a consumer item and would otherwise have been disposed of as a solid waste. Post-consumer materials include recyclables collected in commercial and residential recycling programs, such as office paper, cardboard, aluminum cans, plastics and metals.
Term
Poster
Definition
Visual presentation of a specified size, presented on a flat sheet of paper or card, with details of a specific topic.
Term
Poster Board
Definition
Soft board panel, used for displaying copy and/or graphics.
Term
Poster Exhibition
Definition
Area with display of posters.
Term
Poster Presentations
Definition
Informal sessions near poster exhibition to present and discuss contents of posters.
Term
Poster Session
Definition
1) Display of reports and papers, usually scientific, accompanied by authors or researchers. 2) A session dedicated to the discussion of the posters shown inside the meeting area. When this discussion is not held in a special session, it can take place directly between the person presenting the poster and interested delegate(s). See ABSTRACT BOARD.
Term
Postgraduate Refresher Course
Definition
Continuing education courses often provided for professional accreditation purposes, and designed to enhance professional knowledge, or reinforce information originally taught as part of a degree program.
Term
Potable
Definition
1) (Adjective) A word used to describe a liquid suitable for drinking, e.g. potable water. 2) (Noun) Any beverage, particularly those containing alcohol.
Term
Potage
Definition
Soup.
Term
POV
Definition
Privately Owned Vehicle. A vehicle, such as a passenger car, van or small company vehicle, as distinguished from tracks, tractor-trailers and other over the road vehicles.
Term
POV Line
Definition
Special loading dock reserved for POVs where material is unloaded at prevailing drayage rates.
Term
Power Bandwidth
Definition
Frequency range over which a power amplifier can produce at least half power (-3dB). This important specification is the actual indication of an amplifier’s true power output capability, since many amplifiers are capable of much higher power outputs if frequency extremes such as those produced by music are ignored.
Term
Power of Attorney
Definition
An instrument in writing whereby one person, as principal, appoints another as his agent and confers authority to perform certain specified acts or kinds of acts on behalf of the principal.
Term
Power Response
Definition
Measure of a loudspeaker’s output with reference to its electrical input. Power response includes the total sound energy radiated into the acoustic space around the loudspeaker rather than just on-axis. Flat power response would indicate that a loudspeaker is radiating equal energy into all angles at all frequencies.
Term
Power Strip
Definition
A cord connected unit having multiple electrical outlets, and over current protection.
Term
Practical Demonstration
Definition
A special sitting for the demonstration of specific methods.
Term
Pre- & Post Trip Tours
Definition
Optional extension or side trip package before or after a meeting, gathering, or event.
Term
Pre- or Post-Event Tour
Definition
Organized outing taking place before (Pre-) or after (Post-) an event for both attendees and accompanying persons. See TOUR.
Term
Pre-Assigned Seating
Definition
Predetermined seat assignments.
Term
Pre-Block
Definition
Assigning a specific guest room prior to the arrival of the guest.
Term
Pre-Con Meeting
Definition
A meeting at the primary facility at which an event will take place just prior to the event beginning. Attendees generally include the primary event organizer, representatives of the event organizer/host organization, department heads at the facility, other facility staff as appropriate, and contractors. The agenda focuses on reviewing the purpose and details of the event and making final adjustments as needed. Compare With POST-CON MEETING.
Term
Prefab
Definition
Pre-built exhibit ready for installation.
Term
Preferred Carrier
Definition
Carriers that have alliances with exposition service firms and general service contractors. They receive preferential treatment, and some discounts may be obtained by using these carriers.
Term
Preferred Supplier
Definition
Travel companies with which a corporation signs agreements to provide travelers with discounted rates.
Term
Pre-Finished Paneling
Definition
Factory finished panels.
Term
Pre-Formed Group
Definition
A tour group in existence prior to the tour, the members of which share a common bond, interest or organization affiliation. See AFFINITY GROUP. Examples of pre-formed groups include civic clubs, senior citizen groups and alumni associations.
Term
Pre-Function Space
Definition
Area adjacent to the main event location. Often used for receptions prior to a meal or coffee breaks during an event. See FOYER.
Term
Preliminary Draft
Definition
First draft. The first version of a paper or document which is subject to further amendment.
Term
Preliminary Program
Definition
The first public draft of an event’s schedule including information on program structure and key speakers, giving details of ancillary activities and usually containing the event registration form.
Term
Preliminary Announcement
Definition
See FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT.
Term
Premium Beer
Definition
Higher quality, higher priced beer. Has a higher alcoholic content than light beer and regular beer.
Term
Premium Brand
Definition
Higher quality, higher priced spirits (hard liquor).
Term
Premium Pay
Definition
Extra pay over the regular wage rate for work performed outside or beyond the regular working hours, for work on Saturday, Sunday or holidays, for night shift work, for hazardous, dirty or unpleasant work, and for production in excess of established standards.
Term
Pre-Opening
Definition
Period of time before a property’s soft opening.
Term
Prep Area
Definition
Space used for food production not visible to guests.
Term
Prepaid Passenger
Definition
A passenger who has transportation paid for by someone else, usually in another city.
Term
Prepaid Ticket Advice
Definition
PTA. Airline form stating that payment has been made.
Term
Preparation of Paper
Definition
Instructions regarding the required format to be used for the presentation of a speech, AV requirements, travel, accommodations, etc. See AUTHOR’S GUIDELINES/KIT.
Term
Preparatory Session
Definition
Meeting of a specific group before the official assembly in order to finalize preparations. See REHEARSAL.
Term
Preplated Items
Definition
Food placed on plates in the kitchen prior to being served.
Term
Pre-Pleated
Definition
Material permanently pleated, ready for installation.
Term
Pre-Populate
Definition
To automatically supply a data field on a form with information
Term
Preprint
Definition
Printed volume of meeting papers available prior to or at an event.
Term
Pre-Registered
Definition
Reservation which has been made in advance with the necessary paperwork.
Term
Pre-Registration
Definition
1) Registering in advance to attend an event. See ADVANCE REGISTRATION. 2) At a facility, pre-assigned sleeping rooms available for occupancy.
Term
Pre-Registration List
Definition
Computer generated list of names pre-registered with a group.
Term
Pre-Reserved Seats
Definition
Pre-reserved seats are usually held until 30 minutes prior to departure. Because there are a number of revenue passengers that may want to stand by for flights, seats are held for passengers with boarding passes until 10 minutes before departure. Ten minutes before departure, it becomes necessary to begin processing standby passengers. This requires releasing previously held seats of those passengers who have not checked in.
Term
Pre-Sales
Definition
Items such as books, tapes, videos, etc. sold to client in advance of event versus items sold in back of room after event.
Term
Presenter
Definition
Person explaining a given topic in an informational session.
Term
Presenter/Discussant Format
Definition
A panel of three or four experts in certain subject areas are identified, with each giving a brief presentation. After each lecture the other panelists become discussants of the material just offered. At the conclusion of the presentations, the audience is given an opportunity to ask questions of the entire panel.
Term
Pre-Set Service
Definition
Placing plated foods on banquet tables prior to seating guests.
Term
President
Definition
Chief Executive Officer of an organization. If there is a Chairman of the Board, the President is usually then Chief Operating Officer.
Term
President of Honor
Definition
Senior member of the Committee of Honor.
Term
Press Attaché
Definition
Title given to the person handling all press and media activities excluding advertising. Also Called PRESS OFFICER.
Term
Press Bridge
Definition
See BRIDGE.
Term
Press Clipping/Cutting
Definition
Article cut from a newspaper or magazine.
Term
Press Conference
Definition
Event held to communicate information to media representatives.
Term
Press Kit
Definition
A collection of publicity items that includes: 1) pertinent data on the meeting, such as agenda, historical data, guest speakers, special events, etc. The property, such as photos, descriptions of public space areas, local entertainment, etc. 2) information relative to a sponsor’s products or services.
Term
Press Office
Definition
Agency that collects and distributes information to the news media.
Term
Press Officer
Definition
See PRESS ATTACHÉ.
Term
Press Release
Definition
A prepared statement released to the news media. Can be “For immediate release,” or at a specified time or date; an article intended for use by the media about a company, product, service, individual, or show. Also Called NEWS RELEASE.
Term
Press Room
Definition
A room where members of the media may obtain exhibitor press kits, conduct interviews, or relax. Larger press rooms contain typewriters, computers, phones, and fax machines for use by the press in filing their stories.
Term
Pricing
Definition
Decision making process of ascertaining what price to charge for a given tour once total costs are known. Involves determining the mark-up, studying the completion and evaluating the tour value for the price to be charged. Usually a management function.
Term
Primary Market
Definition
Foreign countries where the U.S. Travel & Tourism Administration (USTTA) maintains an office.
Term
Prime Rib
Definition
Prime Rib is often used for what is really a rib roast. The term "prime" refers to the highest USDA beef grade. It's the finest beef, with even marbling and a creamy layer of fat. Although Prime Rib is how rib roast is often labeled, it is often USDA Choice beef.
Term
Print
Definition
Copy of the final edited film.
Term
Priority Point System
Definition
System of assigning points to exhibiting companies to determine which firms will be allowed to select booth/stand space for the next event first. Also Called PRIORITY RATING SYSTEM.
Term
Priority Rating System
Definition
System of assigning points to exhibiting companies to determine which firms will be allowed to select booth/stand space for the next event first. Also Called PRIORITY POINT SYSTEM.
Term
Prismatic Glass
Definition
Material that is textured with a multitude of tiny facets that refract and diffuse light.
Term
Prismatic Plastic
Definition
Material that is textured with a multitude of tiny facets that refract and diffuse light.
Term
Privatization
Definition
Retaining a private company to handle a responsibility formerly handled by the city or state administration, e.g., operating a convention center.
Term
Pro Forma
Definition
Financial forms (invoices, profit and loss statements, balance sheets, etc.) based on future expectations; provided or made in advance to describe items or projections.
Term
Pro Forma Invoice
Definition
1) An invoice provided by a supplier prior to the shipment of merchandise, informing the buyer of the kinds and quantities of goods to be sent, their value, and important specifications (weight, size, etc.) 2) A packing list on which a shipper describes what is being shipped including the quantity, the value, the weight, and dimensions.
Term
Pro Number
Definition
Shipment number designated by the common carrier to a single shipment, used in all cases where the shipment must be referred to.
Term
Problem Orientation
Definition
Adult learner’s tendency to seek in order to solve a problem or fulfill a need.
Term
Proceedings
Definition
Published volume transcribing the full conference sessions, which may or may not include details of the discussion.
Term
Procession
Definition
Group of individuals moving in an orderly, often ceremonial manner.
Term
Producer
Definition
Person or company responsible for the production of something; usually used in reference to a theatrical producer, event producer or an exhibit producer. See ORGANIZER.
Term
Product
Definition
Products are items, which compliment the speaker’s topic and are available for sale. A speaker’s books, audio cassette albums, video tapes, workbooks, posters, and other products may be sold by contract in large quantity to a client in advance for all attendees, or sold at the back of the room at an autograph table.
Term
Production Company
Definition
A company that presents special effects and theatrical acts. This type of company may contract to put on an entire event or only parts of one. They sometimes hire speakers as part of their contract.
Term
Productivity Tickets
Definition
Complimentary tickets awarded by the official airline after the event according to the number of attendees who used the airline.
Term
Professional
Definition
Relating to organizations whose membership hold common occupational credentials or interests.
Term
Professional Association
Definition
Group of persons who practice a particular professional activity.
Term
Professional Congress Organizer
Definition
PCO. A type of company, often in Europe that is comparable to a DESTINATION MANAGEMENT COMPANY (DMC) in the U.S. Local supplier who can arrange, manage and/or plan any function or service for an event. See GROUND OPERATOR.
Term
Professional Organizations
Definition
An industry organization that fosters education and networking opportunities for its members.
Term
Professional Speaker
Definition
A speaker who is paid a fee for performances and makes a living from presenting information to various organizations.
Term
Profile
Definition
Detailed information about a traveler and/or company kept on file by a travel management company.
Term
Profile of Attendees
Definition
Data concerning attendees, including their average age, spending habits, etc. A profile of event participants.
Term
Program
Definition
Schedule of events, giving details of times and places.
Term
Program Book
Definition
Printed schedule of events, location of function rooms, and other pertinent information.
Term
Program Design
Definition
Structure of event program elements to achieve specific goals and objectives.
Term
Program Development
Definition
Planning that takes place before an event regarding its specific content and fabric.
Term
Program Exclusivity
Definition
When a speaker limits the speakers bureau/agency to offering certain programs that the speaker presents.
Term
Prohibited Cargo
Definition
Goods restricted by international convention. Also refers to drugs, weapons and ammunitions.
Term
Projection Booth
Definition
Platform or area from which audiovisual presentations are controlled.
Term
Projection Distance
Definition
Measurement from the projector to the screen.
Term
Projection Rehearsal Room
Definition
See TRY OUT ROOM.
Term
Projection Room
Definition
Area at back or above auditorium for projection.
Term
Projection Screen
Definition
Surface on which images are displayed.
Term
Projector
Definition
An apparatus for projecting a picture on a screen. Whether the device is an overhead projector, data (LCD) projector, slide projector, or a film projector, it is usually referred to as simply a projector.
Term
Promoter
Definition
Person or organization whose role is to market an event, maximizing media coverage and income.
Term
Promotion
Definition
1) Publicizing an event. See PUBLICITY. 2) An advancement in rank or position.
Term
Promotional Fare
Definition
Fare below regular rates.
Term
Promotional Fares
Definition
Reduced fares for travel to particular cities. The number of seats sold at the reduced fare is limited and, therefore, early booking is critical. These tickets also carry many restrictions.
Term
Pro-Number
Definition
Shipment number designated by the common carrier to a single shipment, used in all cases where the shipment must be referred. Usually assigned at once.
Term
Proof
Definition
1) Final copy for approval before printing. See BLUELINE. 2) To correct before final printing. 3) Standard measure of alcoholic strength; e.g., 100 proof = 50 percent alcohol content.
Term
Proof of Citizenship
Definition
A document, necessary for obtaining a passport, that establishes ones’ nationality to the satisfaction of a foreign government.
Term
Proofing
Definition
Checking preliminary printed materials for errors before the final printing.
Term
Property
Definition
1) Establishment such as a hotel, motel, inn, resort, conference center, or event facility. 2) Something (e.g. an interest, money, or land) that is owned or possessed.
Term
Proposal
Definition
1) Plan put forth for consideration or acceptance. 2) Communication sent by a supplier to a potential customer detailing the supplier’s offerings and prices.
Term
Props
Definition
Stage furniture, set dressing, and all articles used by actors or entertainers.
Term
Proscenium
Definition
Arch that separates a stage from the auditorium.
Term
Proscenium Arch
Definition
The visible opening that frames a stage (usually theatrical.)
Term
Prospect
Definition
A potential attendee, guest, buyer or exhibitor.
Term
Prospectus
Definition
The document (printed or online) that promotes the chief features and benefits of a product or service to prospects.
Term
Protection
Definition
Reservation on an alternate flight.
Term
Protocol
Definition
1) Customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic formality, precedence, and etiquette. 2) A formal description of message formats and the rules two computers must follow to exchange messages.
Term
Provision
Definition
Detailed section of a contract.
Term
Provisional Program
Definition
Generally a second mailing including information on program structure and key speakers, giving details of the ancillary conference activities and normally containing the conference registration forms. See PRELIMINARY PROGRAM.
Term
Provisional Registration
Definition
See PENDING REGISTRATION.
Term
PSI
Definition
Pounds per Square Inch. A measurement of pressure. Pressure is force per unit area. The standard unit for pressure outside of the United States is the Pascal (which is one Newton per square meter), which is the unit of pressure or stress in the International System of Units (SI). See PASCAL.
Term
PSM/PSS
Definition
Passenger Service Manager/ Supervisor.
Term
Psychological Learning Environment
Definition
Elements of the emotional atmosphere of an event room.
Term
Public Accommodation
Definition
A private entity that owns, rents or leases a public facility.
Term
Public Address System
Definition
Audio and/or visual system to convey messages to participants during an event. See PA SYSTEM.
Term
Public Relations
Definition
Presentation of an event via the media or other outlets, stressing the benefits and desirability of such event.
Term
Public Relations Officer
Definition
Title given to the person in charge of coordinating the promotional activities of an event.
Term
Public Seminar
Definition
A seminar that is open to the public. Tickets are sold to individuals.
Term
Public Show
Definition
Exhibition that is open to the public, usually requiring an entrance fee. See EXHIBITION. See Also GATE SHOW, CONSUMER SHOW. Compare With TRADE SHOW.
Term
Public Space
Definition
Space in a facility that is available for use by anyone willing to pay the rental fee.
Term
Public Speaker
Definition
Someone who speaks in public. Often, a public speaker is not paid for his or her appearances and delivers a political speech or a speech that promotes a particular cause, company, or organization.
Term
Publications
Definition
Printed items, such as books, magazines, newspapers and conference documentation.
Term
Publicity
Definition
A media campaign, normally consisting of a series of public notices and advertising activities, aimed at ensuring maximum attendance by focusing attention on an event. See PROMOTION.
Term
Publicity Materials
Definition
Brochures or other items needed for promotional purposes.
Term
Purchasing Agent
Definition
An agent who purchases goods on behalf of a company or agency.
Term
Pylon
Definition
A tall exhibit structure normally used for identification.
Term
Pyrotechnics
Definition
Fireworks display.
Term
Q&A
Definition
Question-and-answer period after a speaker or presentation at a meeting.
Term
Quad Box
Definition
Four electrical outlets in one box, which should be grounded.
Term
Quad Room
Definition
Room with at least two beds occupied by four persons. The symbol used by APEX to denote it is:
Term
Quad/Quadruple
Definition
1) Four-channel audio tape recording system. 2) Room with two or more beds for four persons.
Term
Qualifying
Definition
The act of determining a person's authority or financial ability to purchase a product or service or perform a specific function.
Term
Qualitative Data
Definition
Descriptive information that is a record of what is observed, presented in narrative by the respondent. Also referred to as “soft data.”
Term
Quality Profits
Definition
Profits that can be sustained year to year over a prolonged period of time.
Term
Quantitative Data
Definition
Information that is represented numerically so you can assign ranks or scores, or determine averages and frequencies. Also Called HARD DATA.
Term
Quart
Definition
Unit of measure equal to l/4 gallon or 32 ounces. (Approx. liter size).
Term
Quarter-Round
Definition
Wedge shaped table with one rounded edge.
Term
Quartz Lamp
Definition
Type of high intensity projection lamp.
Term
Queen-Size Bed
Definition
Large bed usually measuring 60-by-80 inches (150-by-200 centimeters).
Term
Quesadilla
Definition
Filled tortilla.
Term
Questionnaire
Definition
Survey; a set of questions used to gather information.
Term
Quiche
Definition
Savory custard pie.
Term
Quick Set
Definition
Function room set-up that saves room turnover time, limits the number of event rooms required, and avoids additional charges for changing room set-ups.
Term
Quick-Change Booth
Definition
Enclosed or draped area, close to the stage, for costume changes.
Term
Quota
Definition
1) The quantity of goods of a specific kind that a country will permit to be imported without restriction or imposition of additional duties. 2) A part of a budget which a salesperson must book.
Term
Quotation/Quote
Definition
An offer to sell goods or services at a stated price and under specified conditions.
Term
R&B
Definition
Rhythm-and-Blues style of music.
Term
Rabbet
Definition
A saw cut used in the fabrication of wood parts.
Term
Raceway
Definition
An enclosed channel of metal or non-metallic materials designed expressly for holding wires or cables.
Term
Rack Rate
Definition
Facility’s standard, pre-established guest room rates.
Term
Radio System
Definition
System for message transmission by radio.
Term
Radius Mark
Definition
Internal and external marks left on acrylic after improper or inadequate bending.
Term
Ragoût
Definition
Stew with rich gravy.
Term
Rail
Definition
Low drape divider between exhibit booths/stands.
Term
Rain Date
Definition
An alternate event date contracted to use in case of rain.
Term
Raised Letters
Definition
Lettering cut out of any material and applied or mounted to a surface or background for dimensional effects.
Term
Rally
Definition
Gathering to promote enthusiasm and excitement.
Term
RAM
Definition
Random Access Memory. The most common type of computer memory, in which the computer stores system software, programs, and data currently being used.
Term
Ramekin
Definition
Glazed earthenware dish used for both baking and serving.
Term
Ramp Session
Definition
Session added on to the end of the day’s program, usually after dinner, to accommodate extra papers or an extra papers of an extra plenary lecture.
Term
Random Access
Definition
Ability to retrieve, in any sequence, visual and taped elements regardless of original placement order.
Term
Random Noise
Definition
Noise consisting of random-frequencies with random time and amplitude characteristics. See NOISE.
Term
Random Sample
Definition
A sample in which the probability of selection for each element in the population is known prior to the sample selection.
Term
Rank and File
Definition
The membership of a union or organization, other than officers and officials.
Term
Rap Sessions
Definition
Informal sessions with no specific agenda.
Term
Rapporteur
Definition
Person appointed to note and record the proceedings of sessions and to write summaries of the paper presented for a final summation session. See REPORTER.
Term
Rate of Exchange
Definition
The rate of currency exchange established daily as the buying rate of foreign currency by the Federal Reserve Bank. The daily rate is used only when it varies by more than 5 per cent from the quarterly rate. When applicable, the daily rate is the rate certified on the day of exportation.
Term
Ravioli
Definition
Italian pasta 'pillows' stuffed with meat, cheese and/or vegetables. Served with a sauce, usually tomato based.
Term
Raw Film
Definition
Condition of motion picture film after printing process but before surface has been treated.
Term
RCMA
Definition
Religious Conference Management Association. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Reactance
Definition
Electrical characteristic of inductors and of capacitors, opposing the flow of A.C. electricity. Reactance is measured in ohms and may be negative producing what is called an “imaginary” part of an impedance. Loudspeakers, for example, can be highly reactive and, under certain circumstances with certain signals, can feed 50 amperes or more back into the power amplifier driving them.
Term
Reader Board
Definition
At a facility, a listing, either printed or on a video screen, of the day’s events including times and locations. See DIRECTORY. See Also FUNCTION BOARD.
Term
Ready Room
Definition
Area set aside for speakers to meet, relax, test AV, or prepare prior to or between speeches. See TRY OUT ROOM.
Term
Readymen
Definition
Nonunion, temporary labor hired from a personnel agency.
Term
Real Time Analyzer
Definition
Device used in acoustic studies to analyze sound energies in a room as they occur and print them out for later study.
Term
Real Time Captioning
Definition
Words displayed on a terminal while the speech is occurring.
Term
Real-Time
Definition
When online activities take place at a designated time, they are referred to as real-time events. A Webcast of a keynote presenter that can be watched live over the Internet is an example of a real-time event.
Term
Rear Illuminated
Definition
Technique of lighting color transparency or adlux from rear.
Term
Rear Projection
Definition
Movie, slide, or computer image presentation where the screen is between the viewer and the projector. Often used in terms of a FRONT PROJECTION SCREEN which is translucent to images being projected from the rear and can be viewed from the front.
Term
Rear-Lit
Definition
Method of lighting transparency from behind.
Term
Reasonable Accommodation
Definition
Any provision that aids the participation of a person with a disability, as long as it does not create a hazard to others, a major disruption in business or an undue financial or administrative burden.
Term
Rebate
Definition
A return of part of a payment.
Term
Recall
Definition
Requiring employee to return to work after he or she has left for the day (or night).
Term
Receipt
Definition
Official acknowledgement of receipt of registration and fees.
Term
Receiver
Definition
Apparatus that converts electric currents or waves into visible or audible signals.
Term
Receiving Fee
Definition
Arbitrary fees sometimes imposed by a host government to officially recognize an event.
Term
Receiving Line
Definition
Dignitaries, host, sponsor, and guest of honor lined up to greet guests.
Term
Reception
Definition
Stand-up social function where beverages and light foods are served. Foods may be presented on small buffet tables or passed by servers. May precede a meal function.
Term
Reception Agency
Definition
An agency that specializes in services for incoming visitors. See INBOUND TOUR OPERATOR. See Also RECEPTIVE OPERATOR.
Term
Reception Desk/Registration Desk
Definition
Process by which an individual indicates and confirms his intent to attend an event. Registration for an event can occur in advance of the event beginning, or on-site when the event has begun.
Term
Receptive Operator
Definition
A tour operator or travel agent who specializes in services for incoming visitors. Same as INBOUND TOUR OPERATOR. See INBOUND TOUR.
Term
Recession
Definition
1) Withdrawing procession. 2) Economic downturn.
Term
Rechauffé
Definition
Reheated; warmed over.
Term
Recommendation
Definition
Strongly suggested course of action; sometimes has binding force.
Term
Record Locator
Definition
An identifying number for the PNR in a file or record. See also PNR.
Term
Red Eye Flight
Definition
A scheduled flight that departs late at night and arrives in the morning.
Term
Reduction
Definition
The base from which the flavor of a sauce is derived. The volume of liquid in the saucepan diminishes as the liquid evaporates, thereby concentrating the flavor.
Term
Referral
Definition
When someone, particularly a satisfied client, suggests or recommends services to other buyers.
Term
Referral Child Care
Definition
When an event host organization publishes a list of child care service providers available. Attendees then make their own arrangements with these services.
Term
Reflection
Definition
Sound or light energy which returns from a surface when struck. The amount and angle of reflection depends on the type and size of the reflecting surface and the frequency (wavelength) of the energy.
Term
Refraction
Definition
The change of direction of a light ray passing from one medium to another of different density.
Term
Refresh
Definition
To clean function space after specific functions, or during break periods. Usually involves refilling water pitchers, removing soiled articles, changing glassware, and performing other light housekeeping chores.
Term
Refreshment Break
Definition
Time between meeting sessions. May include coffee, soft drinks, and/or food items. Some are planned around a theme.
Term
Refreshments
Definition
Items of food and drink consumed between main meals; usually taken during breaks between meetings. See BREAK. See Also COFFEE BREAK.
Term
Refund
Definition
Money repaid; can be in the form of cash or credit voucher.
Term
Refund Policies
Definition
Rules and regulations which determine allowable reasons and timelines under which fees for a meeting or event will be refunded in whole or in part.
Term
Refundable Deposit
Definition
A deposit made by the destination management company (DMC) to a venue that may be returned to the DMC under certain conditions agreed to by the venue.
Term
Refurbish
Definition
To update, repair damage, renew surfaces and replace graphics as necessary to recondition an exhibit or a facility, to extend its life-span.
Term
Reg Area
Definition
Registration area.
Term
Reg Desk
Definition
Registration desk.
Term
Regional Event
Definition
An event targeted to attendees from a specific geographical area. May be a stand-alone event, or a regional version of a national event. Typically 60% of attendees reside within a 400 mile (640 km) radius of the event city. See Also NATIONAL EVENT, STATE/PROVINCE EVENT, & LOCAL EVENT.
Term
Regional Exclusivity
Definition
A speakers bureau's/agency's exclusivity is limited to a particular region or territory.
Term
Regional Security Officer
Definition
RSO. Consular official charged with the security of his country’s nationals while traveling in his region.
Term
Registrant
Definition
Individual who has submitted a registration form and attends an event.
Term
Registrar
Definition
Individual responsible for handling registrations.
Term
Registration
Definition
1) Process by which an individual indicates his intent to attend a conference or stay at a property. 2) A method of booking and payment. 3) The process of recording data about an attendee (or exhibitor), sending a confirmation and creating a badge used on-site.
Term
Registration Area
Definition
Designated area where event registration takes place.
Term
Registration Card
Definition
Signature form used by facility when registering a guest.
Term
Registration Data
Definition
Information about an attendee that is gathered as part of the registration process (occupation, fee category, etc).
Term
Registration Fee
Definition
Amount payable for attendance at a conference; may vary according to level of participation or type of membership.
Term
Registration Form
Definition
Form used by an event attendee to sign up to attend an event. It is used to collect important information about the attendee and his intended participation in the event.
Term
Registration Kit
Definition
Packet of materials for an event, such as a program or agenda, special tickets, maps, etc.
Term
Registration Packet
Definition
See REGISTRATION KIT.
Term
Rehearsal
Definition
Practicing a presentation.
Term
Reimbursement Policy
Definition
Statement of procedures that speakers and personnel must follow in order to have their expenses reimbursed.
Term
Reinforced Vinyl
Definition
Covered cord, wall coverings, or upholstery materials. Vinyl laminated with fabric. Generally used for banners.
Term
Reissue/Exchange
Definition
To write a new ticket to accommodate changes.
Term
Relay
Definition
Electrical device used to interrupt or sustain flow of current. Commonly used in low-voltage systems for programmed effects.
Term
Relay Interpreting
Definition
Oral translation whereby an interpreter does not translate directly, but interprets the translation of a colleague, usually because he is not qualified to work directly from the original language.
Term
Release
Definition
1) Signed form giving permission to use a person’s name, picture, or statement (often in an advertisement). 2) Form signed by presenter allowing recording of presentation. 3) To release space, as in returning unsold air reservations, cruise cabins, or hotel rooms to the supplier that originally allotted them. 4) Document provided by management to permit removal of goods from exhibition during event hours.
Term
Release Date
Definition
Date beyond which a facility is free to rent the unused sleeping rooms or function space to other groups.
Term
Released Value
Definition
Stated value of a shipment when released to the carrier. If shipper declares a higher value than the per-pound limit, shipping costs will increase.
Term
Released Value
Definition
Limit of carrier’s liability.
Term
Religious Meetings
Definition
An event for attendees to discuss non-secular subjects.
Term
Remote Ballast
Definition
Removal of ballast from fluorescent fixtures to a separate or remote location, to allow for extremely limited space.
Term
Remote Control
Definition
Control of apparatus, such as audiovisual equipment, from a distance.
Term
Rental Booth/Stand
Definition
Complete booth/stand package offered to exhibitors on a rental basis.
Term
Rental Charges
Definition
Cost of hiring a piece of equipment or function space for a specified period of time.
Term
Rental Contract
Definition
Contract stating terms and conditions for rental of exhibition venue or for individual booth/stand within a venue.
Term
Repeat Engagement/Booking
Definition
When a speaker does a second or subsequent booking for the same client.
Term
Reporter
Definition
Person appointed to note and record the proceedings of sessions and to write summaries of the paper presented for a final summation session.
Term
Reporting Pay
Definition
Guaranteed payment to employees who report or show up ready for work at their usual time and find no work to do. See CALL PAY.
Term
Reprise
Definition
Repetition of musical theme.
Term
Request for Proposals
Definition
RFP. A document that stipulates what services the organization wants from an outside contractor and requests a bid to perform such services. Same As BID MANUAL/SPECIFICATIONS.
Term
Request Status
Definition
May apply to seats, meals and reservations when they have been requested but not confirmed.
Term
Reroute
Definition
To change a passenger’s itinerary after they have begun their travel.
Term
Reservation
Definition
An arrangement to have a sleeping room (at a hotel or other housing facility) held for one's use. Process by which an individual or group secures space at a facility.
Term
Reservation Center
Definition
Telephone reservation sales office.
Term
Reservation Form
Definition
See HOUSING FORM.
Term
Reservation Method
Definition
Manner by which sleeping room reservations are to be made for attendees of a specific event (i.e., individually, via master list, etc.).
Term
Reservation Request
Definition
A communication by which a guest indicates sleeping room requirements; these are forwarded to the hotel to secure a reservation.
Term
Reservation Review Date
Definition
Designated day when the facility will release a block of sleeping rooms to the general public. See CUT-OFF DATE.
Term
Resistance
Definition
Extent to which an electrical conductor impedes a flow of current.
Term
Resistor
Definition
Electrical component made to resist current flow.
Term
Resolution
Definition
1) Ability of a projection system to distinguish and reproduce fine detail. 2) Motion put forward for a joint decision; usually has the force of a legislative decision.
Term
Resonance
Definition
Natural vibration or oscillation of mechanical or electrical systems at specific frequencies that depend on qualities such as mass and springiness (mechanical systems) or capacitance and inductance (electrical systems) in response to an outside source.
Term
Resort
Definition
Regions associated with recreation and leisure, such as the mountains, seashore, or natural or man-made attractions. A resort hotel or motel offers or is located near facilities for sports and recreational activities such as tennis, swimming, sailing, etc.
Term
Resort Casual
Definition
Attire for warm destinations, including mid- to knee-length shorts; collarless or golf shirts; khakis and sandals. Women can wear linen sheaths, casual skirts or sundresses.
Term
Resort Conference Center
Definition
A conference facility with at least one major amenity.
Term
Resource Manual
Definition
Packet of handouts from all sessions that will occur during the event.
Term
Resource Workbook
Definition
Usually a loose-leaf binder in which additions and deletions are made as the program develops.
Term
Restricted Dialing
Definition
The ability to control telephone access often by excluding specific country or area codes and certain types of calls. This is often put in place for event rooms and show floor locations. Directions on whether or not restricted dialing should be established from a specific location during an event should be indicated on Function Orders associated with that location and be included in the event’s specifications guide. See LONG DISTANCE DIALING.
Term
Resume
Definition
See SPECIFICATIONS GUIDE.
Term
Retailer
Definition
Middlemen such as travel agents who sell directly to the consumer.
Term
Retained Earnings
Definition
Profits retained by the enterprise rather than disbursing to the shareholders. Retained earnings are used to improve the value of the enterprise through development and/or promotional programs.
Term
Retention Rate
Definition
1) The percentage of exhibitors or attendees that return to an event from one year to the next. 2) The percentage of an organization's membership or company's employees that remain with the organization or company from one year to another.
Term
Return
Definition
Panel joined to back wall at right angles.
Term
Return on Investment
Definition
ROI. Net Profit divided by Net Worth. A financial ratio indicating the degree of profitability.
Term
Reunion Tour
Definition
See ALUMNI TOUR.
Term
Revalidation
Definition
The authorized stamping or writing upon a flight coupon to show it has been officially altered by the carrier. Tickets can only be revalidated for those flights that reflect the same fare, city pair and advanced purchase requirement.
Term
Revenue Management System
Definition
A sophisticated computer based pricing system that vendors use to adjust prices based on anticipated demand. Also referred to as Yield Management.
Term
Reverberation
Definition
Sound which appears to echo and re-echo in weaker and weaker levels. Also Called REVERB.
Term
Reverse
Definition
Reversed or negative form of original art or type.
Term
Reviewing Stands
Definition
Elevated platforms accommodating not more than 50 persons. Seating facilities, if provided, are normally in the nature of loose chairs. Reviewing stands accommodating more than 50 persons shall be regulated as grandstands.
Term
Revision List
Definition
Summarized list of changes and updates to be made to a function sheet.
Term
RevPAR
Definition
Revenue Per Available Room. A performance measurement commonly used in the hotel industry. It is calculated by dividing a hotel's net rooms revenue by the total number of available rooms, or by multiplying a hotel's average daily room rate (ADR) by its occupancy.
Term
RFP
Definition
See REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL.
Term
RFP Distribution Date
Definition
The date a Request for Proposals (RFP) is to be passed along if an event organizer is using an intermediary to distribute the RFP [i.e., If an event organizer sends an RFP to a Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB), and wants the CVB to send the RFP to member hotels on a certain date, that date is the RFP Distribution Date.]. See Also RFP PUBLISHED DATE.
Term
RFP Published Date
Definition
The date a Request for Proposals (RFP) is released from an event organizer and is made public. See also RFP DISTRIBUTION DATE.
Term
Rheostat
Definition
Dimmer, usually on lighting controls. See DIMMER.
Term
Rib
Definition
A framing member, usually termed in circular forms.
Term
Rider
Definition
An additional clause in artist’s contract stipulating special requirements such as travel, dressing rooms, technical equipment, etc.
Term
Rigger
Definition
1) Person responsible for machinery uncrating, unskidding, positioning, leveling, and reskidding. 2) Skilled labor responsible for attaching signs, banners, truss, and other equipment to ceilings.
Term
Rigging
Definition
1) The process of attaching the cable on a crane to a piece of machinery or equipment. 2) The process for hanging materials or signs.
Term
Right of First Refusal
Definition
A courtesy a facility extends to a previously booked party to approve or disapprove a concurrent booking or to save uncontracted space for the previously booked party for program growth.
Term
Right to Work State
Definition
Where joining a union is not a condition of employment.
Term
Rights Only
Definition
Selling only the rights to a sponsorship, with the buyer incurring expenses for production, installation and dismantle.
Term
Rim Drive
Definition
A turntable operated from its edge rather than the center for heavier or off-center loads.
Term
Riser
Definition
Raised platform. See DAIS. See Also PODIUM, CYCLORAMA.
Term
Risk Management
Definition
Recognizing the possibility of injury, damage or loss, and having a means to prevent it or provide insurance.
Term
Risk Monies
Definition
Funds that an agency would not recoup should a tour not materialize, i.e., nonrefundable deposits to suppliers, promotional expenditures, printing expenses.
Term
RMS
Definition
Value for watts in complex signals, such as music, derived by dividing voltage by the load impedance to describe the amount of energy.
Term
ROH
Definition
Run-of-the-House.
Term
ROI
Definition
Return on Investment. Net Profit divided by Net Worth. A financial ratio indicating the degree of profitability.
Term
Roll-a-Way
Definition
Portable bed that can be provided for extra persons.
Term
Roll-In
Definition
Foods and/or beverages preset on rolling tables and then moved into function room at designated time.
Term
Rolling Cart
Definition
Portable cart on which audiovisual equipment can be placed.
Term
Romaine
Definition
Lettuce with dark green leaves and a nutty flavor, used for Caesar Salad.
Term
Roman Candles
Definition
A long paper tube packed with round stars and black powder; when lit stars shoot out every four seconds to a height of about 75 feet.
Term
ROO
Definition
Return on Objectives. Measurement of benefit an exhibiting company receives for participation at an exhibition by company pre-set objectives to show success.
Term
Room
Definition
1) A chamber used for sleeping. 2) A place where an assembly meets.
Term
Room Block
Definition
Total number of sleeping rooms that are utilized and attributable to one event.
Term
Room Capacity
Definition
Number of people that can function safely and comfortably in a room.
Term
Room Commitment
Definition
Rooms to be held open each night of the event, specified by room type (single, double, etc).
Term
Room Deposit
Definition
Money that must be paid in advance in order for a hotel to guarantee to hold a room.
Term
Room Nights
Definition
Number of rooms blocked or occupied multiplied by number of nights each room is reserved or occupied.
Term
Room Occupancy Pattern
Definition
Number of single and double rooms used.
Term
Room Only
Definition
A type of rate that consists of the price of the room only. Commonly abbreviated as EP.
Term
Room Pick Up
Definition
The number of sleeping rooms actually used by event attendees and exhibitors.
Term
Room Rate
Definition
The amount charged for the occupancy of a room.
Term
Room Service
Definition
Facility department which provides food and beverage service to guest rooms.
Term
Room Set-Up
Definition
The physical arrangement of a room including the layout of tables, chairs, other furniture, and equipment.
Term
Room Tax
Definition
See TRANSIENT OCCUPANCY TAX.
Term
Room Turnover
Definition
Amount of time needed to tear down and reset a function room.
Term
Room-Based Videoconferencing
Definition
Land-based system for videoconferencing designed to manage communication between one group of people, usually in a conference room setting, with another group or groups in similar settings elsewhere.
Term
Rooming List
Definition
A list, whether printed or electronic, by which an event organizer and/or their designates (e.g. a housing bureau) delivers multiple reservations to a hotel or other housing facility. Often the information contained in a rooming list is originally gathered through attendees’ completed Housing Forms. See Also HOUSING FORM.
Term
Root Mean Squared
Definition
See RMS.
Term
Rope and Pulley Screen
Definition
Large format screen which is rolled around a tubular core around which ropes are wound in such a way as to roll and unroll the screen by operating the ropes.
Term
Rope Lights
Definition
A string of small, low-voltage lights inside a clear or colored transparent plastic tube run by a controller. See TUBE LIGHTS.
Term
Roping
Definition
Plush-covered chain used to define traffic areas. Can be attached to a stanchion.
Term
Rostrum
Definition
Raised platform where a speaker stands when delivering his or her remarks. Same as PODIUM. See Also LECTERN.
Term
Rôti
Definition
(row tee) Roast.
Term
Rôtisserie
Definition
Roasted on a spit.
Term
Rough Layout
Definition
Quick drawing giving indications of proposed exhibit.
Term
Roulade
Definition
Rolled, as in meat.
Term
Round
Definition
Banquet table, usually 60 inches (152 centimeters) in diameter. Also available in 66- and 72-inch (168- and 183 centimeter) diameters. A “Round for 8” is a banquet table at which 8 place settings should be set. Another common configuration is a “Round for 10.” Commonly, a 60-inch (152 cm) round is used to seat 8, a 66-inch (168 cm) round seats 9, and a 72-inch (183 cm) round seats 10.
Term
Round Robin
Definition
Contest or tournament in which each participant is matched with every other participant.
Term
Round Slide Tray
Definition
See CAROUSEL TRAY.
Term
Round Trip
Definition
Travel from origin to destination and return to origin via the same cities.
Term
Rounded Hollow Square
Definition
A hollow square whose corners are replaced by serpentine or half-moon tables.
Term
Roundtable
Definition
A group of experts who meet on an equal basis to review and discuss specialized, professional matters, either in closed session or, more frequently, before an audience.
Term
Route Manager
Definition
The person responsible for managing motor coach flow, routes, drivers, etc.
Term
Roux
Definition
Mixture of butter and flour used to thicken sauces and soups.
Term
Row Booth/Stand
Definition
The booth/stand within a row of similar booths/stands with the front opening onto an aisle and with other booths/stands on either side.
Term
RP
Definition
See REAR PROJECTION.
Term
RP Screen
Definition
See REAR PROJECTION.
Term
RTI
Definition
Room, Tax and Incidentals. An abbreviation often used in reference to charges at an hotel, motel, inn, bed and breakfast, etc.
Term
Rules and Regulations
Definition
The requirements and procedures prepared by event management for attendees, contractors and exhibitors for a given event. See EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
Term
Rump Session
Definition
The session added on the end of the day to accommodate an extra plenary lecture, usually after dinner.
Term
Run
Definition
The number of copies printed.
Term
Runner
Definition
1) Long narrow carpet in a hallway, aisle, or on stage. 2) Piece of portable or constructed staging that extends a main stage to form a runway. 3) Main cord extending from a microphone to an amplifier.
Term
Running Order
Definition
Subjects to be discussed at a meeting. See AGENDA.
Term
Run-of-the-House
Definition
1) Rooms given at random according to availability when the reservations are made. 2) Flat rate for which a hotel or motel agrees to offer any of its available rooms (with the exception of suites) to a group. Final assignment of rooms is at the discretion of the hotel. See FLAT RATE.
Term
Run-Through
Definition
A complete rehearsal including all elements of the event production, such as presentations, performances, music or entertainment, lighting, audio-visual and technical aspects.
Term
Runway
Definition
Platform which extends from a stage into the audience area, often used for events such as fashion shows. See CATWALK.
Term
Russian Service
Definition
1) Banquet Russian: The food is fully prepared in the kitchen. All courses are served either from platters or an escoffier dish. Tureens are used for soup and special bowls for salad. The server places the proper plate in front of the guest. After the plates are placed, the server returns with a tray of food and, moving counter-clockwise around the table, serves the food from the guest’s left with the right hand. With this style of service, the server controls the amount served to each guest. See BUTLER SERVICE. 2) Restaurant Russian: Foods are cooked at tableside. Servers put them on platters and present platters to guests seated at dining tables. Guests serve themselves.
Term
Sabre
Definition
One of the four major Computerized Reservation Systems (CRS) or Global Distribution Systems (GDS).
Term
Saddle Screen
Definition
Projection screen whose surface is pulled up out of a container and supported by a metal rod from the back.
Term
Saddle-Stitch Binding
Definition
Binding process using wire staples.
Term
Safe Lock Stand
Definition
Stand with four adjustable telescoping legs designed to hold audio visual equipment.
Term
Safety Shot
Definition
A shot taken by a camera at a multi-camera set-up when that camera is not in use, but powered up. Any camera not in use should be left on a safety shot until it is powered down. Safety shots make for good back-ups.
Term
SAG
Definition
Screen Actors Guild. A union for actors working in filmed entertainment. The professional union representing actors and actresses.
Term
Salami
Definition
A type of dry cured sausage.
Term
Sales
Definition
All activities involved with convincing someone to purchase a product or service.
Term
Sales Blitz
Definition
Intense selling effort in a particular locality; cold calling to qualify leads. Usually performed by a group of people from one organization who may or many not all be in a sales capacity.
Term
Sales Coordinator/ Manager/Representative
Definition
Hotel staff person responsible for assisting salesperson in selling sleeping rooms and function space. Usually reports to Director of Sales (DOS).
Term
Sales Force/Sales Team
Definition
A group of employees responsible for personally developing prospects and sales.
Term
Sales Incentive
Definition
A reward in excess of salary or commission provided to a salesperson in return for achieving a stated sales goal.
Term
Sales Leads
Definition
Names and contact information of potential customers. Attendee lists are often provided as sales leads to exhibitors as an incentive to participate in an exhibition.
Term
Sales Meeting
Definition
Event to introduce new products and their applications or to motivate sales staff.
Term
Sales Portfolio
Definition
A manual of information carried by a salesperson for reference or display.
Term
Sales Promotions
Definition
Special events whose objectives are to increase sales and customers.
Term
Salute
Definition
A fireworks shell with an aluminum mixture that produces a loud bang or noise.
Term
Sample
Definition
Any portion of the population selected for a study.
Term
Sample Room
Definition
Room with or without sleeping facilities, for displaying merchandise.
Term
Sampling
Definition
1) A research method based upon selecting a portion of a population for study. 2) Paperwork and fees paid to a building by exhibitors for the right to serve food product.
Term
Sanctioned Area
Definition
A closed section of a street or area that is only accessible to authorized individuals and not to the open public.
Term
Sand Blasting
Definition
Technique of etching smooth surface of glass, plastic or metal to achieve matte or textured quality.
Term
Sandwich Board
Definition
Two boards held together with hinges that form a tent-like structure for signs. See TENT BOARD.
Term
Sandwiching
Definition
Mounting of transparent subject matter between one translucent and one clear plastic panel.
Term
Sans Arête
Definition
Boneless.
Term
Sans Peau
Definition
Skinless.
Term
Sans Serif
Definition
Typefaces without cross-strokes at top and bottom of letters.
Term
Sashimi
Definition
High quality raw fish served in Japanese restaurants, presented artistically.
Term
Sateen
Definition
Fabric used in special draping or bunting.
Term
Satellite Meeting
Definition
See IN CONJUNCTION WITH.
Term
Satin Finish
Definition
Smooth semi-gloss finish, usually a metal or lacquered surface.
Term
Satire
Definition
A form of comedy in which sharp derision is aimed at an idea or individual.
Term
Sauerbrauten
Definition
Beef cooked with vinegar and onions, served with a brown gravy.
Term
Sauerkraut
Definition
Cooked cabbage, shredded and pickled.
Term
Sauté
Definition
Fry lightly in a little fat.
Term
SC&S
Definition
Strapped, Corded, and Sealed.
Term
Scab
Definition
Employee who continues to work in a company during a strike or who accepts employment at a company in which a strike is going on. Also, an employee who takes a job in a non-union shop or under non-union conditions when the union is trying to organize the industry.
Term
Scale Model
Definition
Any model articulating all components of original object, but in smaller size.
Term
Scallions
Definition
Young, small green onions
Term
Scattered Arrivals
Definition
A pattern of group arrivals that are separate from the main arrivals.
Term
Scenario
Definition
Outline of an event or a speech highlighting relevant items, sometimes showing different types of outcome.
Term
Scene
Definition
1) Setting of an action. 2) Division of an act or play.
Term
Scene in Action
Definition
Term for mechanical animation technique that achieves simulated flow motion by rotating striped cylindrical acetate drum between light source and face art work.
Term
Schedule
Definition
Table of time and location for all functions related to an event. This information should be included in the specifications guide for an event.
Term
Schedule of Services
Definition
Pre-program information distributed to tour guides, field representatives, venues or vendors, regarding the details of their program assignment for a given event or program.
Term
Schematic Model
Definition
A diagram of an object in model form.
Term
Schoolroom Perpendicular Set-Up
Definition
Variation of schoolroom set-up in which tables are perpendicular to the head table, and chairs are placed on both sides of the tables. See UNION SET-UP.
Term
Schoolroom Set-Up
Definition
See CLASSROOM SET-UP.
Term
Schoolroom V Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement where rows of tables and/or chairs are slanted in a V-shape facing a head table, stage or speaker. See CHEVRON SET-UP.
Term
Scientific Committee
Definition
A group of people meeting specifically to discuss, supervise and coordinate the content of the program dealing with the study of a body of systematic knowledge of the material world and who, where appropriate, would select papers from submitted abstracts.
Term
Scientific Meeting
Definition
An event with attendees who are involved in research or applied sciences or are suppliers to them.
Term
Scientific Program
Definition
The content of a SCIENTIFIC MEETING described in chronological order and generally including the full list of speakers and the titles of their papers.
Term
Scioptican
Definition
Device used to create moving effects such as clouds, flames, waves, etc.
Term
Scissor Lift
Definition
When designed as a personnel lift, a mobile machine that extends vertically on a scissor-like mechanism to several times its height with no increase in the size of its footprint. It is often outfitted with a platform large enough for multiple workers and is best used on a stable, flat surface. It is used for placing lights, decorations, etc. See CHERRY PICKER. See Also MAN LIFT, JLG, HIGH JACKER, GENIE LIFT, HI LOW, FORKLIFT.
Term
SCMP
Definition
Society of Corporate Meeting Professionals. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Sconce
Definition
Ornamental wall bracket for candles or other lights.
Term
Scoop
Definition
Large theatrical floodlight usually used for work lights or occasionally in place of strip lights to light a cyclorama or sky drop.
Term
Scooter
Definition
Electrical cart used for driving around show floor.
Term
Score
Definition
Sheet music provided to musicians.
Term
Screen
Definition
1) Projection Screen. 2) Divider, movable wall, partition. 3) Cull out items or applicants, reducing the pool to the top few. 4) Qualify attendees.
Term
Screen Enamel
Definition
For silkscreen printing on nonporous surfaces.
Term
Screen Left and Right
Definition
Directions given from audience perspective. See AUDIENCE LEFT AND RIGHT. See Also CAMERA LEFT AND RIGHT.
Term
Screen/Audience Distance
Definition
Distance between the projection screen and the front row of the audience. Rear most audience member should be no more than 6 or 7 times the width of the screen in use.
Term
Screening
Definition
1) Legal reference checks using professional or police security checks to provide background information. 2) To review a film before it is released for the public to experience.
Term
Scrim
Definition
1) Translucent material used to diffuse or soften light. 2) Gauze-like theatrical curtains.
Term
Script
Definition
The written text of a program, speech, stage play, movie screenplay, or radio or television broadcast, including the words to be spoken and often technical directions.
Term
Scroll
Definition
1) Copy or graphics which move slowly up the screen. 2) Rolled parchment document. 3) Moving down on a computer screen.
Term
Sealing
Definition
Technique of applying sealer coat to porous woods prior to painting procedure. Prevents absorption of final paint finish.
Term
Season
Definition
Period of time when the demand for a certain supplier’s product or service is high, low, or neither. For example, winter in Florida is high season, while summer is low season. See HIGH SEASON, LOW SEASON, SHOULDER SEASON.
Term
Seating Plan
Definition
Plan or other document showing where individuals should be seated for an event. Particularly applies to a banquet or on a platform at an event. Usually accompanied by an alphabetical listing showing at which tables individuals should be seated.
Term
Second Option
Definition
Second place on a waiting list. The organization holding the second option for specific dates at a facility, for example, may book those dates only if the organization holding the first option decides not to book within a certain period of time. See OPTION.
Term
Second Tier City
Definition
A city where the space limitations of the convention center, the hotels, or the air lift, make the city more appropriate for smaller meetings and events.
Term
Secondary Airport
Definition
An airport that is used as an alternative to a city’s primary airport. For instance, Washington, D.C.’s Dulles (IAD) rather than Reagan National (DCA), or Chicago’s Midway (MDW) rather than O’Hare (ORD). Reduced fares are sometimes applicable from these alternate airports.
Term
Secretariat
Definition
Clerical staff of an organization.
Term
Secretary General
Definition
Permanent head of the general organization.
Term
Section 508
Definition
In the United States, the intent of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act is to eliminate barriers in information technology, to make available new opportunities for people with disabilities, and to encourage development of technologies that will help achieve these goals. The law applies to all Federal agencies when they develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology. Under Section 508, agencies must give disabled employees and members of the public access to information that is comparable to the access available to others.
Term
Secure
Definition
1) Act to make safe against adverse contingencies. 2) Lock in space at a facility/venue.
Term
Secure Digital Certificate
Definition
An encrypted file that authenticates the source of financial data, usually for an online credit card transaction.
Term
Security
Definition
A system of protecting people or property against crime, attack, or danger. Security is often in place for events to protect exhibits and can include guards, surveillance cameras, etc. See SECURITY CAGE. See Also SECURITY CONTRACTOR, SECURITY GUARD, SECURITY SERVICE.
Term
Security - Facility
Definition
Facility personnel responsible for maintaining safety on the premises.
Term
Security - Private
Definition
Security personnel hired from a privately operated company.
Term
Security Cage
Definition
Portable wire enclosure used to lock up materials for safe storage. See SECURITY.
Term
Security Contractor
Definition
Company hired by exhibit or event management to keep individual exhibits and the entire event floor safe using guards, closed circuit T.V., etc. See SECURITY.
Term
Security Deposit
Definition
A deposit made to assure credit usually returned after event if no damages are done.
Term
Security Guard
Definition
A member of a security service who is employed to protect building, people, and event, etc. See SECURITY.
Term
Security Lock
Definition
Protective or security device which connects by a chain a closed and ajar door to doorjamb. Also Called CHAIN LOCK.
Term
Security Service
Definition
Service providing security arrangements, such as checking delegates credentials, searching hand luggage, protecting equipment and patrolling congress and exhibition areas. See SECURITY.
Term
Segue
Definition
(Pronounced seg-guay.) Transition between two audio passages or video segments.
Term
Self-Contained
Definition
Entertainment act, group, or production that usually can supply its own sound, music, lights, etc.
Term
Self-Contained Exhibit
Definition
A display which uses the shipping crate as an integral part of the exhibit.
Term
Self-Direction
Definition
The acceptance and assumption of responsibility for one’s own life; a characteristic of adult learners.
Term
Semantic Differential
Definition
A type of question format in which the respondent selects a response between two opposite terms.
Term
Semicircular Theater Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement where chairs are arranged in a semicircle.
Term
Seminar
Definition
1) Lecture and dialogue allowing participants to share experiences in a particular field under the guidance of an expert discussion leader. 2) A meeting or series of meetings of from 10 to 50 specialists who have different specific skills but have a specific common interest and come together for training or learning purposes. The work schedule of a seminar has the specific object of enriching the skills of the participants.
Term
Seminar Leader
Definition
The teacher or expert who instructs a seminar’s attendees.
Term
Semi-Skilled Labor
Definition
Persons whose work is limited to a well-defined work routine; or work in which lapses of performance would not cause excessive damage to product or equipment.
Term
Sensitivity
Definition
1) For mixers and amplifiers - the amount of input required to drive the circuit to its rates output. 2) For loudspeakers - the amount of electrical output produced by incident sound at a given sound pressure. 3) For microphones - the amount of electrical output produced by incident sound at a given sound pressure.
Term
Sepia
Definition
Printed reproduction of black and white art tinted brown tones, which imparts an antique look.
Term
Sequence of Events
Definition
An outline program of events and time of commencement that is tailored to the needs of an event. See AGENDA. See Also SCHEDULE.
Term
Serifs
Definition
Cross-strokes at top and bottom of letters.
Term
Serpent
Definition
In pyrotechnics, a short tube packed with a chemical mixture that propels the device with a strong jet flame in a zigzag or circular pattern.
Term
Serpentine
Definition
Curved, S-shaped tables that when placed together make a snake form.
Term
Serpentine Queue
Definition
Line formation of people going to the same area; line feeds off into several different service stations.
Term
Service
Definition
Nonphysical, intangible attributes that management controls (or should), including friendliness, efficiency, attitude, professionalism, responsiveness, etc.
Term
Service Bar
Definition
A counter from which alcoholic beverages are served that is located outside of a function room, usually in an area not visible to guests.
Term
Service Charge
Definition
1) A mandatory and automatic amount added to standard food and beverage charges, usually used to defray the cost of labor, such as housemen, servers, technicians, etc. and which the facility receives a portion of the charge. In return, the guest is relieved the responsibility for tipping. 2) A fee charged to a client by a travel agent in addition to the commissions paid to him or her by his or her principals. See GRATUITY.
Term
Service Contractor
Definition
Outside company used by clients to provide specific products or services (e.g. pipe and drape, exhibitor manuals, floorplans, dance floors or flags).
Term
Service Desk
Definition
Centralized on-site location for ordering or reconfirming services provided by general service contractor and specialty contractors.
Term
Service Kit
Definition
See EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
Term
Service/Product Mix
Definition
A business, while involving both service and product, where the quality of the service is often more important than the product received. Examples of this type of service would be: service contractors, catering, etc.
Term
Services and Facilities Amenities
Definition
Items provided by or available from the organizer to enable the customer, delegate or committee to get maximum benefits from an event, such as the provision of secretarial services, cleaning, power, transportation, catering, etc.
Term
SESAC
Definition
An organization similar to ASCAP and BMI that licenses the use of copyrighted music for various artists.
Term
Session
Definition
Single uninterrupted part of the meeting program.
Term
Set
Definition
1) Performance area including props, equipment, backdrops, etc. 2) Length of time band or orchestra plays between breaks. 3) Make preparations for a predetermined number of attendees. 4) To arrange type for printed materials.
Term
Set Dressing
Definition
Props arranged to decorate the set. Also Called TRIM PROPS
Term
Set For
Definition
The actual number of seats put in place (or to be put in place) for a function.
Term
Set Light
Definition
Light which illuminates background behind the performers.
Term
Set Piece
Definition
In pyrotechnics, a wooden frame onto which a desired pattern or image is outlined with lances. A traditional Fourth of July set piece is the American Flag. Sets can be very big and beautiful.
Term
Set Plate
Definition
See BASE PLATE.
Term
Set Top Box Solutions
Definition
STBS. Portable videoconferencing system, usually mounted on a rolling cart or hard-sided case for ease of transport from room to room or across the globe.
Term
Set-Up
Definition
1) Way in which a function room is arranged. 2) Erecting displays, installation, or, articles in their assembled condition. 3) Mixers, fruit, and glassware accompanying a liquor order.
Term
Set-Up Drawings
Definition
The plans from which the exhibit components are assembled.
Term
Set-Up Personnel
Definition
Exhibit or function room equipment installers.
Term
Set-Up Plan
Definition
See FLOOR PLAN.
Term
Set-Up Time
Definition
The period necessary for the preparation of the conference and exhibition venue before the arrival of delegates and exhibitors.
Term
Sex Box
Definition
An electrical outlet that will accommodate 6 plugs. Sometimes called Six Box. See DOG HOUSE.
Term
SGMP
Definition
Society of Government Meeting Professionals. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Shade Grown
Definition
Coffee that is grown in the traditional manner, with coffee plants interspersed under a canopy of trees. End result: more habitat for birds, less need for chemical inputs.
Term
Shadow Box
Definition
Five-sided enclosure with face open for display of art or object; a niche.
Term
Shag
Definition
Type of carpet with a looped pile.
Term
Shallots
Definition
Plant that looks like garlic and tastes like a mild onion.
Term
Share
Definition
A guest who rooms with another guest. A roommate.
Term
Shed
Definition
See AMPHITHEATER.
Term
Sheetrock
Definition
Material used in drywall construction composed of gypsum core and paper veneer. Standard measurements are 4' x 8', 4' x 10' with thicknesses of 3/8-, 1/2-, and 5/8-inch.
Term
Shell
Definition
In pyrotechnics, a paper container filled with stars or other fireworks ingredients such as comets, hummingbirds, lances, serpents, or whistles, designed to form a pattern or effect when displayed. They are either round or cylindrical, depending on the manufacturer.
Term
Shell Folder
Definition
Brochure with preprinted illustrations to which varying text can be added.
Term
Shell Scheme
Definition
European booth/stand system—usually includes raised floor, back and side walls, plus fascia.
Term
Shelves
Definition
Thin wooden, or metal, boards fixed horizontally on a wall for displaying objects and sales materials.
Term
Sherbet Glasses
Definition
Short glass container with foot and stem.
Term
Shimmer Curtain
Definition
Draping made of strips of colored cellophane that catch and reflect the light.
Term
Shiplap
Definition
Construction technique of joining two materials by notching both and inserting slots into each other.
Term
Shipment
Definition
Freight tendered to a carrier by one consignor at one place at one time for delivery to one consignee at one place on one bill of lading.
Term
Shipper
Definition
Third-party hired to that handle the shipping goods to and from an event. Also Called SHIPPING AGENT.
Term
Shipper’s Export Declaration
Definition
A form required for all shipments by the U.S. Treasury Department and prepared by a shipper, indicating the value, weight, destination, and other basic information about an export shipment.
Term
Shipping Agent
Definition
Third-party hired to that handle the shipping goods to and from an event. Also Called SHIPPER.
Term
Shipping Case
Definition
A container for exhibit components suitable for extended reuse, usually with hinged lid and felted interior.
Term
Shipping Crate
Definition
A container for exhibit components for one use. Usually with screwed or nailed lid.
Term
Shipping Manifest
Definition
An instrument in writing, signed by the captain of a ship that lists the individual shipments constituting the ship's cargo.
Term
Shirring the Drape
Definition
Gathering drape along the roads to even out the folds and give each panel of drape equal spacing.
Term
Shish Kebob
Definition
Lamb pieces and vegetables cooked on a skewer. See À LA BROCHE.
Term
Shoehorning
Definition
Overcrowding.
Term
S-Hook
Definition
Type of hanging hardware in shape of letter "S" used as hanger for plaques, etc. See SIGN HOOK.
Term
Shop
Definition
Primarily refers to display builder, also refers to contractor's main office and warehouse.
Term
Shop Steward
Definition
Person designated by the union within a shop or unit to represent employees.
Term
Shopping Cart
Definition
Used to sell products through a Web site. An online shopping cart application allows customers to select and then purchase books, tapes and other items.
Term
Shore Excursion
Definition
Land tours, usually available at ports of call, sold by cruiselines or tour operators to cruise passengers.
Term
Shot
Definition
Single measurement of liquor, usually an ounce.
Term
Shoulder
Definition
The beginning and ending days of a room block when fewer rooms are contracted.
Term
Shoulder Season
Definition
Period when the demand for a supplier’s product or service is neither high nor low. See HIGH SEASON. See Also LOW SEASON.
Term
Show
Definition
1) Organized performance for entertainment. 2) An exhibition. See EXHIBITION.
Term
Show Breaking
Definition
Time specified for the close of the exhibition and the start of dismantling.
Term
Show Card
Definition
Material used for signs.
Term
Show Curtain
Definition
A drop or curtain behind the front curtain which is painted to give atmosphere to the particular play being presented.
Term
Show Daily
Definition
A newspaper published each day during the run of an event or conference. It includes articles about the exhibits and events and, often, advertising.
Term
Show Directory
Definition
A listing, with booth/stand numbers, of all the exhibitors in an event and a map showing booth/stand locations.
Term
Show Management
Definition
The company, group or organization that manages an exhibition. See Also EXHIBITION MANAGER.
Term
Show Manager
Definition
See EXHIBITION MANAGER.
Term
Show Office
Definition
On-site event management office.
Term
Show Organizer
Definition
See EXHIBITION MANAGER.
Term
Show Photographer
Definition
Official photographer for exhibition appointed by event organizer.
Term
Show Plate
Definition
Decorative plate preset at each place setting during formal meals, which is removed before service begins. Compare With SET PLATE, UNDERLINER.
Term
Show Producer
Definition
Company or individual who is responsible for all aspects of planning, promoting and producing an event. See EXHIBITION MANAGER. See Also SHOW MANAGEMENT.
Term
Show Rates
Definition
Rates established by event management, official service contractors and/or other official service providers, and published in the EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
Term
Show Rules
Definition
See RULES AND REGULATIONS.
Term
Show Within a Show
Definition
An event with its own name and focus that takes place within a larger, related event. See IN CONJUNCTION WITH.
Term
Showcase
Definition
1) Glass-enclosed case for articles on display. Also Called DISPLAY CASE. 2) An event to preview/highlight someone or something.
Term
Shrink Wrap
Definition
1) Process of wrapping and consolidating exhibit crates, boxes and loose items on a pallet with heat-sealed, transparent plastic wrapping. 2) A plastic film used to wrap pallets of freight for shipping. It is usually clear and must be heated to cause shrinkage and tight fit to the item being wrapped. See STRETCH WRAP. See Also PALLET WRAP.
Term
Shucker
Definition
General term for glazed or framed enclosure for display of objects. Also Called DISPLAY CASE.
Term
Shutter
Definition
In laser technology, an attachment that blocks the laser beam, usually from exiting the projector.
Term
Shuttle
Definition
A vehicle, usually a bus, contracted to transport event attendees between facilities during a certain time period.
Term
Shuttle Service
Definition
Transportation for participants; usually by coach or van, provided on a continuous basis for a certain time period.
Term
SIC
Definition
Standard Industrial Classification. A standard numerical code system used by the U.S. Government to classify products and services. Compare With NOMENCLATURE OF THE CUSTOMS COOPERATION COUNCIL, STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION.
Term
Side Chair
Definition
Armless chair.
Term
Side Fills
Definition
Speakers on stage right and stage left to project amplified sound to full stage area.
Term
Side Poles
Definition
The support poles placed around the perimeter of a tent; also known as pin poles.
Term
Side Rail
Definition
A low divider panel (usually 3') used to separate an exhibit space from an adjacent area.
Term
Side Walls
Definition
Detachable canvas or plastic walls used to create the sides of a tent.
Term
Side-Stitch Binding
Definition
Binding process by which folded sections of book or magazine are placed on top of one another and stitched together from top to bottom.
Term
Sight Acts
Definition
Performers who must be watched to be appreciated, such as mimes, jugglers, dancers, and acrobats. See INCIDENTAL ENTERTAINMENT.
Term
Sight Draft
Definition
A draft which is payable upon presentation to the drawee.
Term
Sightlines
Definition
The actual or virtual lines in the venue or on paper layout that describe what parts of a set or decorative object are visible from a given audience or guest point of view; used to determine what must be decoratively treated or masked (hidden).
Term
Sightseeing Guide
Definition
A guide who narrates a tour, while driving a vehicle (usually a bus or van).
Term
Sightseeing Tour
Definition
An outing to points of interest, often by bus or van.
Term
Sign
Definition
Informational display used at events. See BANNER.
Term
Sign Cloth
Definition
Lightweight material, as opposed to canvas, used for banners, signs, and streamers.
Term
Sign Holder
Definition
Stand for displaying names, directions, warnings, or advertising mounted on metal, paper, or other material.
Term
Sign Hook
Definition
Piece of S-shaped metal used to hang signs. See S-HOOK.
Term
Sign Service
Definition
Service which provides signs for exhibition.
Term
Sign Standard
Definition
Frame on stand to display sign.
Term
Signage
Definition
All informational and directional signs and placards at an event.
Term
Signaling System
Definition
A system for communications between the speaker and the projectionist or between the chairman and the speaker.
Term
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Definition
Ratio between the video or audio signal and the noise interference accompanying the signal.
Term
Signature Dish
Definition
Food item a facility is known for specializing in; also known as house specialty.
Term
Signature Item
Definition
Exclusive product or service for which a company or organization is well known.
Term
Signed Exception
Definition
Delivery receipt, signed by the carrier, noting a damage or shortage.
Term
Significant Other
Definition
An individual who serves an important personal role in another’s life; often used to denote the companion of an invited guest at an event when the companion is not a spouse.
Term
Silk Screen
Definition
A printing stencil used for reproducing one or more times on a variety of materials.
Term
Silver Lenticular Screen
Definition
Screen finish with a characteristic silver-colored finish which has brighter reflective characteristics than a matte screen but with a wider viewing angle than a beaded screen. See LENTICULAR SCREEN.
Term
Silver Service
Definition
See RUSSIAN SERVICE.
Term
Simple Random Sample
Definition
Method of sampling in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
Term
Simulation
Definition
Interactive instructional technique in which the learner has an opportunity to practice a new skill in a real life situation.
Term
Simulation Encounter
Definition
Interactive instructional technique in which an individual simulates certain behavior which can then be examined, studied and discussed by the attendees.
Term
Simultaneous Interpretation
Definition
Process of translating one language into another while the speaker is speaking. See CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION IN RELAY, TRANSLATION, WHISPERED INTERPRETATION, WIRELESS INFRARED INTERPRETING SYSTEM.
Term
Simultaneous Translation
Definition
Process of translating one language into another while the speaker is speaking. Same As SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION.
Term
Single
Definition
Sleeping room occupied by one person. The room may have one or more beds in it. The symbol used by APEX to denote it is:
Term
Single Bed
Definition
Bed measuring 38-by-75 inches (95-by-188 centimeters.). See TWIN BED.
Term
Single Phase
Definition
Producing, carrying, or powered by a single alternating current.
Term
Single Room
Definition
Sleeping room occupied by one person. The room may have one or more beds in it.
Term
Single Supplement
Definition
An extra charge assessed to a tour purchased for single accommodations.
Term
Single Weight/ Matte
Definition
Term describing character and finish of photo blowups necessary for mounting to or wrapping around panel.
Term
Sintra
Definition
PVC Panel, same as Chydex, Chomatex, used in signs and displays.
Term
SISO
Definition
Society of Independent Show Organizers
Term
SIT
Definition
Storage In Transit.
Term
SIT
Definition
Stopping in Transit.
Term
SITC
Definition
Standard Industrial Trade Classification. A standard numerical code system developed by the United Nations to classify commodities used in international trade. See NOMENCLATURE OF THE CUSTOMS COOPERATION COUNCIL, STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION.
Term
SITE
Definition
Society of Incentive Travel Executives. A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
Site
Definition
1) Venue, area, location, property or specific facility to be used for an event. See VENUE. 2) A particular platform or location for loading or unloading at a place.
Term
Site Facilities
Definition
Those facilities within the perimeter of the organization where the event takes place; in includes the installations and services both in the auditorium and out side.
Term
Site Inspection
Definition
In-person on-site review and evaluation of a venue or location for an event. See FAM TRIP.
Term
Site Selection
Definition
Choosing a venue for an event.
Term
Six Box
Definition
An electrical outlet that will accommodate 6 plugs. Sometimes called Sex Box. See DOG HOUSE.
Term
Six-by-Six Rule
Definition
Audiovisual guidelines by which no transparency of slide should contain more than six words per line of text and no more than six lines of text.
Term
Sked
Definition
Airline with published scheduled flights.
Term
Sketch Model
Definition
A three-dimensional sketch.
Term
Skewing
Definition
Zigzag pattern on a TV screen due to improper head alignment.
Term
Skid
Definition
1) Pallet. 2) Wooden platform used to support machinery or a collection of objects for easier handling. 3) Thick wood blocks attached to crates which allow forklift access for easier handling. 4) Wood runners protecting the exterior of a shipping case.
Term
Skin Drawing
Definition
Preliminary elevation and plan indicating overall dimensions.
Term
Skins
Definition
Pieces of burlap, sometimes with a soft underside, used to protect small items.
Term
Skip
Definition
Departing guest who fails to pay for accommodations or meals.
Term
Skirting
Definition
Pleated or ruffled draping used around buffet, reception, head tables, and risers or stages to conceal the area underneath.
Term
Sky Cap
Definition
Airport porter who handles baggage.
Term
SL&C
Definition
Shipper's Load and Count.
Term
SLA
Definition
Service Level Agreement. Usually an adjunct document to a vendor contract.
Term
Sleeper
Definition
Leveling strip on which flooring or horizontal panels are fixed.
Term
Sleep-Out
Definition
When a guest does not sleep in a hotel (or other accommodation) sleeping room the bed, but still pays for the use of that sleeping room.
Term
Slide
Definition
Photographic transparency on a small plate or film arranged for projection.
Term
Slide Projector
Definition
Apparatus used for projecting photographic slides onto a screen. It will often have a remote (either wired or wireless) that can be used to advance the slides.
Term
Slider
Definition
Telescopic pipe.
Term
Sling
Definition
1) A pre-made length of cable used for hanging exhibit materials or signs. 2) A pre-made length of cable or a heavy-duty nylon strap used for rigging machinery to cranes or forklifts.
Term
Slippage
Definition
Reduction in the number of rooms used from the original reserved block.
Term
Slots
Definition
Designated takeoff and landing times allocated to airlines at airports; the physical space at airports assigned to the airlines.
Term
Small Group Learning Patterns
Definition
A learning activity that is dependent on the participation of a small group of people.
Term
Smart Board®
Definition
An interactive presentation white board that interacts with a computer image. Your finger becomes the mouse.
Term
Smart Card
Definition
A plastic credit card with an embedded integrated circuit chip that can store up to 16,000 bits of data for lead retrieval and other functions.
Term
Smart Form
Definition
A Web-based form that can be designed to guide the user through the process of completing the form and can alert the user to errors.
Term
SMERF
Definition
Meetings acronym for a category of meeting market segments including Social, Military, Educational, Religious and Fraternal groups.
Term
Smoke Generation
Definition
The creation of fog using chemicals and heat.
Term
Smoker
Definition
An ashtray on a stand.
Term
Smoking Room
Definition
A designated area where smoking is allowed.
Term
Smorgasbord
Definition
Swedish buffet of hors d' oeuvres, open-faced sandwiches, salads, hot or cold cooked vegetables, pickled or marinated fish, sliced meats, cheeses and desserts. It may be all appetizers or an entire meal.
Term
Snifter
Definition
A large, short-stemmed goblet used for brandy or cordials.
Term
Social Dinner
Definition
Non-working evening function at which a meal is served.
Term
Social Event
Definition
1) An event with the purpose of facilitating pleasant companionship among attendees, 2) Lifecycle celebration (e.g. a wedding, bar/bat mitzvah, anniversary, birthday, etc.). See SOCIAL PROGRAM.
Term
Social Learner
Definition
A learner who seeks education in order to adapt to an environment.
Term
Social Program
Definition
Program of organized functions, not directly related to the main subject of an event. See SOCIAL EVENT.
Term
Social/Cultural Factors
Definition
Factors related to interaction with other learners that affect the way a person learns.
Term
Society Music
Definition
Dance music of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s.
Term
Sofa Bed
Definition
A sofa that opens to make a bed. Also called a HIDE-A-BED.
Term
Soffit
Definition
A lowered portion of a ceiling.
Term
Soft Currency
Definition
A currency that cannot be traded outside its native country.
Term
Soft Drink
Definition
Beverage that does not contain alcohol. Soft drinks are most often thought of as carbonated, though it is not a requisite. See NEUTRAL BEVERAGE.
Term
Soft Opening
Definition
Time when a property is open for business, prior to the grand opening. All services/facilities may not be complete or available.
Term
Solarized
Definition
An overexposed photographic print, purposely done for artistic effect.
Term
Sole Relay Interpreter
Definition
Pivot Interpreter; only interpreter in the team assigned to an event who is able to translate out of a lesser used language and functions as a “relay” for the rest of the team in relation to that language.
Term
Solice
Definition
The twisting together of two or more electrical wires to provide continuous power.
Term
Solid Surface
Definition
Material used in display fabrication that is the same all the way through eg. Corion, fountainhead, so it can be sanded and repaired.
Term
Sommelier
Definition
A wine steward, expected to have an extensive knowledge of wines and their suitability with various dishes.
Term
SOP
Definition
Standard Operating Procedure (or Practice).
Term
Sorbet
Definition
A frozen product, similar to sherbet. Designed to be a palate cleanser. Served just prior to the entree. It has a tart flavor, never sweet. It usually has a wine or champagne base.
Term
SOS
Definition
Schedule of Services. Pre-program information distributed to tour guides, field representatives, venues or vendors, regarding the details of their program assignment for a given event or program.
Term
Soss Hinge
Definition
Trade name for concealed barrel-shaped hinge installed in recess of cabinet doors and jambs to eliminate revealed hinge.
Term
Souffle
Definition
Baked, fluffy dessert or main dish of milk, egg yolks, stiffly beaten egg whites, and flavorings.
Term
Sound
Definition
Audible effects.
Term
Sound Board
Definition
Console with separate channels to control volume and sound quality produced by each microphone.
Term
Sound Check
Definition
Verification, often by the performer, that the sound system to be used for the performance is functioning satisfactorily. Usually this one of the final steps of the move-in.
Term
Sound Control Booth
Definition
Area from which technician operates sound system in a room.
Term
Sound Effects
Definition
Artificially produced sounds for a theatrical effect.
Term
Sound Mix
Definition
Procedure of combining independently recorded narration, music and/or sound effect to single master tape or film, while at the same time establishing tone, volume and balance between elements.
Term
Sound Pressure Level
Definition
Measurement of the actual pressure exerted by a sound, as opposed to a relative comparison like decibel.
Term
Sound Reinforcement
Definition
Use of electronic and electric equipment to amplify the natural sound produced by a performer or speaker.
Term
Sound System
Definition
Audio speaker system used to amplify sound.
Term
Sound Wings
Definition
Risers on stage right and stage left for stacked sound equipment which allows storage space hidden from the audience’s view.
Term
Sound-Proof Wall
Definition
Barrier that prevents sound from carrying to and from adjacent rooms. Usually a permanent wall.
Term
Soundscape
Definition
Atmosphere created with the use of music and sound effects.
Term
Source Language
Definition
Language from which a speech or document is translated.
Term
Sous Vide
Definition
French for under vacuum. Food is vacuum-packed in pouches, cooked under a vacuum, then chilled and stored for up to 3 months. The pouches are later reheated in hot water for service. Sous vide food is used most often by hotels, restaurants and caterers.
Term
Spa
Definition
A facility that provides baths, hot springs, health facilities and other services.
Term
Space
Definition
1) Area in a facility where a group’s private functions may be held. 2) Exhibitor location in the hall.
Term
Space Assignment
Definition
Booth/stand space assigned to exhibiting companies or meeting rooms assigned to event groups.
Term
Space Draw/Selection
Definition
The process of assigning exhibit space for the next event based on the exhibitors’ active involvement in the process.
Term
Space Rate
Definition
Cost per square foot/meter for exhibit space.
Term
Space Requirements
Definition
Amount of stand/booth space required by individual exhibitors.
Term
Space Reservation Form
Definition
Form or special request to utilize a particular space.
Term
Space Verification
Definition
Certification of measurements of meeting space through the Function Space Verification Program offered by the Professional Convention Management Association or through graphics layout software companies, e.g. MeetingMatrix.
Term
Spade Connectors
Definition
Fork shaped metal connectors soldered, or crimped, to wire ends for connection to terminals having machine screw or knurled nut contacts.
Term
Spanakopeta
Definition
Phyllo pie triangle stuffed with spinach.
Term
Spark Pot
Definition
A pyrotechnic device that emits a burst of sparks, usually silver, when ignited.
Term
Spatzle
Definition
Tiny dumplings.
Term
Speaker
Definition
1) The presenter of a program. Types of speakers include keynote, general session, seminar leader, trainer, workshop leader, and “change of pace” speakers such as humorists and entertainers. 2) Device for sound output.
Term
Speaker Groups
Definition
A group of speakers with varying areas of expertise, who team up to share leads and marketing expenses.
Term
Speaker Platforms
Definition
Platforms on the right and left of stage used to elevate sound equipment.
Term
Speaker Questionnaire
Definition
A series of questions initiated by a speaker or bureau to better understand the organization, their needs, and the audience in order to prepare for a presentation.
Term
Speaker Stand
Definition
See LECTERN.
Term
Speaker’s Guidelines
Definition
1) Instructions regarding the specific expectations for a speaker at an event. Usually outlined are the required format for presentations, AV request procedures, travel and accommodations instructions, etc. 2) Instructions regarding the required format to be used for the written preparation of a speech.
Term
Speaker’s Guidelines/Kit
Definition
1) The written presentation of a speech. 2) Instructions regarding the required format to be used for the written preparation of a speech.
Term
Speakers’ Ready Room
Definition
See READY ROOM. See Also TRY OUT ROOM.
Term
Speakers’ Room/Lounge
Definition
See READY ROOM. See Also TRY OUT ROOM.
Term
Spec Guide
Definition
Specifications Guide. The industry preferred term for a comprehensive document that outlines the complete requirements and instructions for an event. This document is typically authored by the event planner and is shared with all appropriate vendors as a vehicle to communicate the expectations of services for a project. The industry accepted practice is to use the APEX Specifications Guide, which can be found at the Convention Industry Council (www.conventionindustry.org). Sometimes called STAGING GUIDE, RESUME, BIBLE.
Term
Special Block
Definition
Small block within the event’s room block reserved for dignitaries or people with special needs.
Term
Special Commodity Carrier
Definition
A carrier that transports special handling shipments or other commodities that are sensitive by their packaging, contents or transit time requirements. These carriers can handle packaged or blanket wrapped shipments.
Term
Special Event
Definition
One time event staged for the purpose of celebration; unique activity.
Term
Special Event Tour
Definition
A TOUR designed around a particular event, e.g. the Kentucky Derby, Mardi Gras, or Rose Bowl Parade.
Term
Special Events Company
Definition
A company that presents special effects and theatrical acts. This type of company may contract to put on an entire event or only parts of one. They sometimes hire speakers as part of their contract.
Term
Special Handling
Definition
Applies to display shipments requiring extra labor, equipment, or time in delivery to booth/stand area.
Term
Special Interest Tour
Definition
A TOUR designed to appeal to clients with a curiosity or a concern about a specific subject. Most special interest tours provide an expert tour guide and usually visit places and/or events of specific interest to the participants.
Term
Special Market
Definition
Foreign countries with high potential for U.S. travel, but without a USTTA office. U.S. promotional activities under the guidance of Visit USA Committees. Often with the cooperation of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service, an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department.
Term
Special Needs
Definition
Any physical or mental consideration that requires special alternatives to ensure an event’s physical space, technologies, and food and beverage accommodates those individual needs. Special needs can include food allergies, wheelchair access, signing interpreters, etc. In the United States, see the Americans with Disabilities Act for specific guidelines.
Term
Special Rate
Definition
An amount charged for the occupancy of a room, usually at a reduced rate and negotiated as a group rate by the conference organizers.
Term
Special Rate Package
Definition
A lowered, all inclusive rate, frequently including one or more meals for two or three nights, that is offered to the general public; often used to generate off-season or weekend business.
Term
Special-Interest Group
Definition
Group travel program designed for persons with common interests.
Term
Specialty Contractor
Definition
A supplier of a specific event service, such as photography, rental of furniture or audiovisual equipment, or floral decoration.
Term
Specifications Guide
Definition
Spec Guide. The industry preferred term for a comprehensive document that outlines the complete requirements and instructions for an event. This document is typically authored by the event planner and is shared with all appropriate vendors as a vehicle to communicate the expectations of services for a project. The industry accepted practice is to use the APEX Specifications Guide, which can be found at the Convention Industry Council (www.conventionindustry.org). Sometimes called STAGING GUIDE, RESUME, BIBLE.
Term
Speech
Definition
Address, usually formal discourse delivered before an audience.
Term
Speech Amplification
Definition
Technique whereby, with the help of a microphone and an amplifier, the volume of the human voice is amplified.
Term
Speed Ball
Definition
Type of pen used in calligraphy and sign writing.
Term
Spike Marks
Definition
Tape or chalk marks on studio or stage floors designating exact placement of props and actors.
Term
Spinning
Definition
Technique for working sheet metal into concave or convex shapes.
Term
Spin-Off
Definition
Speaker booking that occurs because an audience member hires a speaker for another event.
Term
SPL
Definition
See SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL..
Term
Splice
Definition
The twisting together of two or more electrical wires to provide continuous power, housed inside an approved junction box.
Term
Split Charter
Definition
Two or more groups share the same flight.
Term
Split Entree
Definition
Smaller portions of two different items for the main course of a dinner. See SURF AND TURF.
Term
Split Folio
Definition
This is when a guest has two folios, one for room and tax and the other for incidental charges. Most often used when the room and tax are going on the Master Account, and the guest (often a speaker, VIP or staff) is responsible for things like phone, in-room movies, mini-bar purchases, etc. It is also used when the guest is reimbursed for lodging and meals (e.g. government employees), but must pay his/her own incidental expenses.
Term
Split Pick-up/Delivery
Definition
Pick-up or delivery of multiple shipments at more than one place of business.
Term
Split Screen
Definition
Horizontally or vertically separated video pictures shown simultaneously.
Term
Split Ticketing
Definition
The agency practice of issuing two one-way tickets instead of a round-trip ticket, usually to obtain a lower fare. Used often on international flights due to foreign exchange rate differences.
Term
Splits
Definition
A small bottle containing about half the usual quantity of liquor.
Term
Splitter
Definition
In laser technology, an attachment that divides the beam into two parts according to power, not color.
Term
Spokesperson
Definition
A designated representative who has the authority, knowledge, and credibility to speak and be interviewed by the media.
Term
Sponsor
Definition
Person(s) or company(s) underwriting all or part of the costs of an event. Sponsors may or may not participate in any of the profit from the event. 2) An individual who assumed all or part of the financial responsibility for an event. A commercial sponsor that provides financial backing for an aspect of an event and who in return receives visibility, advertising or other remuneration in lieu of cash.
Term
Sponsored Bar
Definition
Private room bar set up where guests do not pay for drinks. See OPEN BAR. See Also HOST BAR.
Term
Sponsored Child Care Facility
Definition
On-site childcare service provided by the event/host organization.
Term
Sponsorship
Definition
Donated financial or material support, usually in exchange for recognition; Paid opportunity for entity or an exhibitor to increase its visibility at the event.
Term
Sporting Event
Definition
An event where athletes compete and spectators view the athletic activities and ceremonies.
Term
Spot
Definition
One who reports and marks the location site for ground transportation loading of participants.
Term
Spot Exchange
Definition
The exchange rate for foreign currency for immediate purchase/delivery. See EXCHANGE RATE.
Term
Spot Rehearsal
Definition
Rehearsal of any portion of a production.
Term
Spot Time
Definition
Designated time for vehicle or staff to report to assignment.
Term
Spotlight
Definition
Strong focused light thrown upon a particular person or object, such as on a stage.
Term
Spotting
Definition
Placement of equipment in exact location in booth by using a forklift.
Term
Spouse
Definition
Husband or wife of an event attendee. See ACCOMPANYING PERSON. See Also SIGNIFICANT OTHER.
Term
Spouse Programs
Definition
Educational and/or social events planned for spouses and guests of event participants.
Term
Sprinkler
Definition
A device which scatters liquid (usually water) in drops or particles. Can be used as a part of a fire protection system or landscaping aid.
Term
Spumoni
Definition
Ice cream with fruits and nuts molded into sections.
Term
SQL
Definition
Structured Query Language. A specialized programming language for sending queries to databases. It is used by many database systems to retrieve and modify information.
Term
Square Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which double- or triple-wide tables are set up with chairs placed around all sides.
Term
Squib Head
Definition
An electrical igniter used to initiate a pyrotechnic effect. Sometimes called a Fuse Head.
Term
Squirrel Cage
Definition
Revolving drum used for raffle tickets.
Term
SSR
Definition
Self-Service Reservations. Also referred to as online self-service.
Term
ST Labor
Definition
Straight Time Labor. Labor performed and paid at standard rate for work during normal business hours as established by unions.
Term
ST Labor
Definition
Straight Time. Labor performed and paid at standard rate for work during normal business hours as established by unions.
Term
Stable
Definition
1) Group of speakers or entertainers usually under agreement with a particular bureau or agency. 2) An area where horses are kept and fed.
Term
Stack
Definition
Buses assembled in one location convenient for passenger loading.
Term
Stacking Chairs
Definition
Chairs that nest on top of each other when in storage.
Term
Stadium
Definition
Facility usually designed for baseball or football as a primary function. May be domed or open-air. Sometimes difficult to distinguish from a large arena.
Term
Stage
Definition
The portion of an auditorium or room that has been structured into a formal area for productions or presentations.
Term
Stage Call
Definition
1) Designated time and/or number of crew members required at stage for task assignments. 2) Asking a celebrity or speaker to return to the stage after completing the presentation.
Term
Stage Directions
Definition
Instructions in the script concerning movements and arrangements on the stage.
Term
Stage Left and Right
Definition
Directions from the perspective of a person on stage, as opposed to CAMERA LEFT AND RIGHT. See AUDIENCE LEFT AND RIGHT. See Also SCREEN LEFT AND RIGHT.
Term
Stage Lighting
Definition
Illumination for the platform for performers, musicians, actors, or speakers
Term
Stage Manager
Definition
Person responsible for running the event.
Term
Stage Master
Definition
Person at a venue in charge of stage facilities.
Term
Stage Plot
Definition
Diagram, drawn to scale, indicating placement on stage of artists’ equipment, props, microphones, etc.
Term
Stage Right and Left
Definition
Directions as one faces audience from the stage.
Term
Stagehand
Definition
Union labor that handles spotlights, rigging, and scenery for theatrical productions. In some cities, they may also handle decorating tasks, such as hanging draperies at convention facilities.
Term
Staging
Definition
1) Design and placement of elements for events. 2) Implementation of an event.
Term
Staging Area
Definition
1) A place for demonstration. 2) In catering, an area for preparing service equipment and supplies. 3) A preparation area, usually on premises, where suppliers review orders and organize items before delivering them to exhibit booths/stands. 4) An area adjacent to a loading dock where freight trucks wait until they may unload. 5) Area adjacent to main event area for setup, dismantling, and temporary storage.
Term
Staging Guide
Definition
See SPECIFICATIONS GUIDE.
Term
Stakeholders
Definition
All individuals who are invested in a project or event such as the sponsors, attendees, vendors, media and others.
Term
Stakes
Definition
Pointed pegs used to secure the guy ropes of a tent in the ground. Wooded stakes are used for grass-covered earth, steel stakes are required when the ground is extremely hard, rocky or paved. See ANCHOR.
Term
Stanchions
Definition
Upright posts used to support signage, markers, or flags. Ropes may be attached to prevent entry, define traffic areas, and control crowds. See BANK MAZE.
Term
Stand
Definition
European term for booth or exhibit. See BOOTH.
Term
Standard Agreement
Definition
Contract suggested as a guide by a national or international union as a guide for adoption or use by its locals.
Term
Standard Industrial Classification
Definition
SIC. A standard numerical code system used by the U.S. Government to classify products and services. Compare With NOMENCLATURE OF THE CUSTOMS COOPERATION COUNCIL, STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION.
Term
Standard Industrial Trade Classification
Definition
SITC. A standard numerical code system developed by the United Nations to classify commodities used in international trade. See NOMENCLATURE OF THE CUSTOMS COOPERATION COUNCIL, STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION.
Term
Standard Operating Procedure
Definition
SOP. Official written procedure or policy for dealing with a specific situation.
Term
Standby
Definition
Attempt to travel on a flight without a confirmed reservation, if space is available.
Term
Stand-In
Definition
1) Person substituting for a performer or speaker. 2) The role of a vice-president in the absence of the president.
Term
Standing Committee
Definition
Committee, defined by organizational bylaws, which meets for a specific purpose.
Term
Star Billing
Definition
See 100% STAR BILLING.
Term
Star Rating
Definition
It is common for hotels, restaurants and other facilities to advertise their status as determined by one or more systems of rating such as Mobil, AAA, Zagats and others. As these systems can be national or regional, they are anything but uniform. Equally, ratings are sometimes represented by diamonds, rosettes, crowns and other insignia. In France, for example, there is no grade above four-star, although many properties offer five-star standards. See Also 1 DIAMOND, 1 STAR, 2 DIAMOND, 2 STAR, etc.
Term
Stat
Definition
A direct paper reproduction of two-dimensional graphics without the use of photographic film.
Term
State Travel Office
Definition
An official government agency or privately run, nonprofit organization responsible for travel development and promotion of a state (or territory). Often, an office responsible for travel development is part of another department or agency of a state government such as commerce and economic development. State travel offices vary in sizes of staffs and budgets.
Term
State/Province Event
Definition
An event that draws more than 80% of attendees from the state/province in which the event is held. Less than 20% of attendees reside outside a 50-mile (80 km) radius of event site. State/provincial audiences are less inclined to use air travel and local auto rental than regional audiences. See Also NATIONAL EVENT, REGIONAL EVENT, & LOCAL EVENT.
Term
State-Controlled Trading Company
Definition
In a country with a state trading monopoly, a trading entity empowered by the country's government to conduct export business.
Term
Statement of Account
Definition
Statement of income and expenses following the end of an event.
Term
State-of-the-Art
Definition
Newest technology available.
Term
Station
Definition
A banquet server's assigned area. Also refers to the individual buffet tables located throughout a reception area, with each table offering one food item or representing one theme.
Term
Station Manager
Definition
Usually the senior airline representative at an airport.
Term
Statistics
Definition
Quantitative details of an event (number of attendees, sleeping rooms, etc.).
Term
Stats
Definition
Photostats. Photographic material used in preparing camera-ready art. Also known as Velox. 2). Abbreviation for statistics.
Term
Stay Over
Definition
A guest who stays at a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days longer than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called OVERSTAY, UNDER DEPART. Compare With UNDERSTAY.
Term
STB
Definition
Surface Transportation Board. See Also SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD.
Term
STBS
Definition
Set Top Box Solutions. Portable videoconferencing system, usually mounted on a rolling cart or hard-sided case for ease of transport from room to room or across the globe.
Term
Steady
Definition
A full time employee of a company or organization.
Term
Steady Extra
Definition
The first extra banquet servers called when extra service help is required.
Term
Steak Tartare
Definition
Raw, ground filet mignon; highly seasoned.
Term
Steamship Round
Definition
Roast beef often carved at receptions. From the hip (round) of the beef.
Term
Steering Committee
Definition
Select group which sets policies and makes basic decisions relative to a group or an event.
Term
Step-On-Guide
Definition
A freelance guide who comes aboard a motorcoach to give an informed overview of the city or attraction to be toured.
Term
Stepper Switch
Definition
Electrical relay that is timed to activate further mechanisms after it has been itself activated.
Term
Stereo
Definition
Sound that seems to be three dimensional to the listener. This is achieved by reproducing slightly different sounds in two separated speakers. Stereo recordings are generated by a minimum of two microphones.
Term
STET
Definition
Proofreading term noted when copy marked for deletion is to be put back in its original form.
Term
Stock
Definition
Resident company of players performing one play nightly for a week and rehearsing another play for the following week.
Term
Stock Bill
Definition
A list of specific materials and sizes.
Term
Stock Exhibits
Definition
A predesigned unit adapted to particular use by identification, color, graphics and minor structural modifications.
Term
Stop Motion
Definition
Motion picture or video frame that is stopped so a single frame is displayed. See FREEZE FRAME.
Term
Stopover
Definition
An intentional interruption of the trip that either prevents a continuous through fare or is permitted by the carrier with a through fare.
Term
Storage Area
Definition
Space at a show set aside for storage of crates or materials.
Term
Story Pole
Definition
Fixed pole with predetermined layout markings.
Term
Storyboard
Definition
Series of sketches or pictures which outline the subject to be developed.
Term
STP
Definition
Satellite Ticket Printer. Usually dedicated to a specific account to ensure complete accountability for all transactions processed and controlled by vendor.
Term
Straight Bill
Definition
Bill of lading that is non-negotiable.
Term
Straight Brace
Definition
Tent component that is designed to prevent a tent from collapsing.
Term
Straight Time
Definition
Labor performed and paid at standard rate for work during normal business hours as established by unions. See ST LABOR.
Term
Straight Truck
Definition
Flat-floor truck, usually with a cargo area of 14 to 20 feet. Normally used for local or short-haul moves.
Term
Strategic Plan
Definition
Long range plan of action for a company or organization.
Term
Strategic Relationships
Definition
An agreement between two or more enterprises to conduct specified business processes in a joint manner. Usually related to technology development and/or marketing and distribution efforts.
Term
Stratified Sample
Definition
A population is divided into similar groups and each group is then randomly sampled.
Term
Streaming
Definition
The software that makes Webcasting work. These “stream” audio and video from a central source, or media server, to recipients on their personal computers.
Term
Streaming Media
Definition
A method for delivering audio, video and animated content over the Web. Streaming refers to the ability of Web site visitors to access multimedia content without having to download an entire file first.
Term
Street Beat
Definition
Drum beat accompanying band which is marching but not playing. Cadence.
Term
Stretch Wrap
Definition
1) Process of wrapping and consolidating exhibit crates, boxes and loose items on a pallet with heat-sealed, transparent plastic wrapping. 2) A plastic film used to wrap pallets of freight for shipping. It comes in various colors, but black is preferable for security purposes. STRETCH WRAP is often erroneously referred to as SHRINK WRAP, which must be heated to cause shrinkage and tight fit to the item being wrapped. See SHRINK WRAP. See Also PALLET WRAP.
Term
Stretcher
Definition
General term for cross member mounted between sides or legs of cabinets, or between upright poles in a pipe and drape booth/stand, to ensure rigidity. These typically hold the drape to form the booth/stand.
Term
Strike
Definition
1) Dismantle exhibits. 2) To remove all scenery and props from the stage. 3) Union walkout.
Term
Strip
Definition
1) To put a negative into place as part of a larger or composite negative in preparing to make an offset printing plate. 2) To clear tables or a function room.
Term
Strip Light
Definition
1) Fixture with a line of lamps, often with reflectors and color gels, used in color lighting. 2) Fluorescent lighting wired in a line.
Term
Strobe Light
Definition
Rapidly blinking, high-intensity light.
Term
Strong Back
Definition
A framing member using the triangular system to support a cantilever load.
Term
Structured Question
Definition
Prepare eight or ten questions per one hour presentation to be distributed in advance of the session to selected attendees. Following each major presentation, attendees ask questions from the list.
Term
Stud
Definition
Vertical structural wall support of wood or metal.
Term
Studio
Definition
Room with a couch or couches that convert to beds.
Term
Study Day
Definition
Day devoted to the study of a particular subject or subjects.
Term
Study Group
Definition
A meeting to review a particular situation; no recommendations or solutions are expected as a result.
Term
Study Mission
Definition
Tour of a work place or manufacturing plant of interest to a conference. See EDUCATIONAL VISIT.
Term
Style Sheet
Definition
A list of special spellings, terms and style points to be used consistently in publications related to an event.
Term
Styrofoam
Definition
Trade name for lightweight rigid form of compressed polystyrene crystals.
Term
SU
Definition
See SET-UP.
Term
Sub-Block
Definition
Any group of rooms that is classified or separated differently than the general attendee block within the Event-Contracted Block (ECB). See also EVENT-CONTRACTED BLOCK.
Term
Subcommittee
Definition
A group of people, frequently including one or more members of the main committee, meeting outside of the main committee, with responsibilities for specific items.
Term
Subcontractor
Definition
An individual or business, which contracts to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract. Company retained by a contractor to provide services to exhibitors or event management; outsourcing.
Term
Submersible Pumps
Definition
Pumps that operate underwater.
Term
Subsidy
Definition
A grant of money or financial assistance, usually by a government to a private person or company, to assist an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public.
Term
Suburban Hotel
Definition
Hotel on the outskirts of a large city, which may or may not be near local attractions.
Term
Subwoofer
Definition
Loudspeaker system designed to produce or reproduce only low frequency sounds, typically below 150 hertz.
Term
Suitcasing
Definition
When a company tries to sell its product or service on the show floor without the permission or consent of the event's management.
Term
Suite
Definition
Combination of interconnecting rooms generally containing a sitting room with a half-bathroom and one or more sleeping rooms.
Term
Suite Hotel
Definition
A hotel whose entire inventory of sleeping rooms have separate bedroom, bathroom, living room or parlor areas, and possibly a kitchenette or other special features. Also called ALL SUITE HOTEL.
Term
Summary
Definition
A Synopsis. Written short version of speech or paper.
Term
Summary of Discussions
Definition
A summation of discussions that have taken place.
Term
Summary Record/Report
Definition
A short review of a speech, debate or discussion.
Term
Super-APEX Fare
Definition
APEX fare at a lower rate with more restrictions. See APEX FARE.
Term
Superimposition
Definition
Technique of projecting two visual images on a screen at the same time.
Term
Supernumerary
Definition
Super. An extra or walk-on in a production with no individual lines of his/her own to speak.
Term
Supersaver Fares
Definition
Marketing term used by some carriers to describe some categories of discount fares, usually applied to fares requiring seven (7), fourteen (14), twenty one (21) day advance purchase and stay over a Saturday night. The reservation is subject to cancellation if the ticket is not purchased before the time set by the carrier. If your reservation is booked by an agency, the airline considers it ticketed and sets no time limit.
Term
Supersonic
Definition
Faster than the speed of sound (approximately 344 meters or 1130 feet per second at sea level).
Term
Supper
Definition
Light late evening meal.
Term
Supplemental Airline
Definition
Non-scheduled airline.
Term
Supplemental Liability Coverage
Definition
In a car rental agreement, additional coverage for injury and damage claims by third parties beyond the amount provided automatically under the contract terms.
Term
Supplier
Definition
Purveyor, provider, vendor, contractor offering facilities, products and/or services.
Term
Support Staff
Definition
Part- or full-time personnel who provide services for tasks associated with programs, events, or conventions.
Term
Supreme
Definition
1) Sauce cooked with a browned roux, thinned with chicken stock, and seasoned with lemon juice and parsley. 2) Silver bowl holder that is filled with ice to surround chilled items, such as vischysoisse.
Term
Surcharge
Definition
Charge over and above established rates, such as an energy surcharge.
Term
Surf and Turf
Definition
A main course that includes both seafood and meat, such as a lobster tail and a beef filet. See SPLIT ENTRÉE. See Also DUALING MENUS.
Term
Surface Transportation Board
Definition
STB. Formerly the Interstate Commerce Commission, an oversight board that is part of the DOT. Responsible for overseeing the transportation of goods between states. All for-hire truckers and railroads are required to receive proper authority from the STB before offering themselves to the public for hire. Certain carriers are exempt from the STB's jurisdiction, but no carriers are exempt from safety regulations.
Term
Surname
Definition
Name by which all immediate family members are known. Women usually (but not always) adopt their husband’s surname upon marriage. Same as LAST NAME, FAMILY NAME (preferred). Compare With GIVEN NAME.
Term
Survey
Definition
Solicitation of opinions regarding services; questionnaire.
Term
Sushi
Definition
A Japanese food made with sweetened rice. Fish (raw or cooked) and/or vegetables are placed on the rice or wrapped with the rice and a sheet of seaweed.
Term
Suspended Elements
Definition
An attachment of devices to the frame work of an exhibition hall.
Term
Suspension
Definition
Definite ending of an event for a specific and unplanned reason.
Term
Sweep
Definition
A method used for setting up and cutting circles or arches.
Term
Switch
Definition
Electrical on/off switch used directly in wiring to control, by make or break, the flow of current.
Term
Switchboard
Definition
A combination of switches, dimmer plates and fuses for controlling light. See DIMMER BOARD.
Term
Switcher
Definition
1) Engineer (technical director) who is switching from camera to camera. 2) Panel with rows of buttons that allows switching from one camera or sound source to another.
Term
Symposium
Definition
A meeting of a number of experts in a particular field, at which papers are presented and discussed by specialists on particular subjects with a view to making recommendations concerning the problems under discussion.
Term
Synchronization
Definition
(Sync) Sound and picture recorded or played back at the same time.
Term
System
Definition
A stock set of components that can be put together to make an exhibit.
Term
T&M
Definition
Time and Materials.
Term
T&T
Definition
Tax & Tip. Addition of taxes and gratuities to a price when not included, designated by + +.
Term
T/D/B/A
Definition
Trading and Doing Business As.
Term
T-1 Line
Definition
Transmitting data at speeds of up to 1.544 Mbps, operates at a much higher capacity than an ISDN line and can be split to accommodate several users at one time (known as a fractional T-1).
Term
T-3 Line
Definition
Transmitting data at speeds of up to 44.184 Mbps, is faster than a T-1 line, allowing performance of more tasks simultaneously at a greater speed. See T-1 LINE.
Term
Tabbouleh
Definition
A Middle Eastern relish.
Term
Table d' Hôte
Definition
Full course, fixed price meal (prix fixe).
Term
Table Tent
Definition
A small sign used to identify the speaker or speakers. See NAME CARD. See Also PLACE CARD.
Term
Table Wine
Definition
Class of wine naturally fermented to about 12 percent alcohol. Typically used as a house wine.
Term
Tablescape
Definition
The aesthetic layout of the banquet table, including the centerpiece, color of linen, napkin folds, china and flatware, etc.
Term
Tablet Chairs
Definition
Chairs with attached writing surfaces. See WRITING CHAIRS.
Term
Table-Top Display/Exhibit
Definition
Small portable display that can be set up on top of a table.
Term
Tabs
Definition
The main front curtain of a stage.
Term
Tactical Steps
Definition
Short-range actions to implement a long-range strategy.
Term
Taffeta
Definition
Type of material used for skirting or special draping.
Term
Tailoring
Definition
When a speaker adjusts his or her material to the particular needs of an audience.
Term
Talent
Definition
1) Performer, entertainer. 2) Outside personnel stationed in an exhibit booth/stand to demonstrate a product, provide attraction to booth or greet visitors. Includes magicians and similar attractions. See MODEL. See Also PRESENTER.
Term
Talk Show Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement, often used for panel discussions, in which a desk (for the moderator/facilitator) is set perpendicular to arm chairs for the panelists.
Term
Talkback
Definition
Speaker system that connects the control room with the studio.
Term
Tallow Carving
Definition
Display piece carved from lamb's fat and wax. Usually all white, but can be tinted.
Term
Tally Light
Definition
Small red light on the camera, indicating when the camera is on.
Term
Tally Sheet
Definition
See ACCOUNT SHEET.
Term
Tap
Definition
Device used for starting or stopping the flow of beverage from a container, such as a keg.
Term
Tape Blip
Definition
An audible impulse that activates an electric mechanism.
Term
Tape Player
Definition
Machine designed only for playback of recorded magnetic tapes.
Term
Tape Recorder
Definition
A device for recording sound on magnetic tape.
Term
Tapered Edge
Definition
Any material that is reduced in thickness at its outer edge.
Term
Tare Weight
Definition
The weight of a container and/or packing materials deducted from the total weight to determine the weight of the contents or load. See GROSS WEIGHT.
Term
Target Date
Definition
A date set by event management and/or general service contractor for the arrival of freight at a trade event. Usually shipments received before or after this date are assessed a penalty charge.
Term
Target Language
Definition
Language into which a speech or document is translated.
Term
Tariff
Definition
1) A schedule of duties imposed by a government on imported and exported goods. 2) Published list of fares or rates and conditions of service from a supplier.
Term
Tax Exempt
Definition
Exempted from taxation; providing interest or income that is exempted from taxation.
Term
Tax Exempt Certificate
Definition
Document needed from customer to verify tax exemption status in the state the event is held.
Term
Tchotchke
Definition
A Yiddish slang term for the little giveaways at tradeshow booths/stands or for in-room amenities, gift bags, etc. Also spelled Tsatske (pronounced chaat-ski).
Term
Teach-In
Definition
A session specially instituted for the application of such modifications and additions as are necessary to keep a particular subject up-to-date.
Term
Team of Interpreters
Definition
A group of people responsible for interpreting simultaneously by utilizing equipment.
Term
Tear Down
Definition
Dismantle.
Term
Teaser
Definition
Promotional piece designed to build interest in an event.
Term
Tech Check
Definition
Review of all technical aspects of the production.
Term
Technical Director
Definition
Person who calls cues from the control room.
Term
Technical Meeting
Definition
See SCIENTIFIC MEETING.
Term
Technical Rehearsal
Definition
Run-through of technical aspects of an event such as lighting, sound, special effects, etc.
Term
Technical Visit
Definition
Tour by conference delegates to a workplace related to their particular interests.
Term
Technical Writer
Definition
Someone hired by a speaker to prepare scripts, workbooks, audios, videos, or articles on contract.
Term
Technician
Definition
Expert in particular craft or technique usually in relation to audiovisual, mechanical or electrical equipment or appliances.
Term
Technological Factors
Definition
Factors related to equipment used in the learning environment that affect the way a person learns.
Term
Teen Hospitality
Definition
A room or area set aside as part of a event childcare/youth program offering activities for young adults accompanying a parent to an event.
Term
Telco Patch
Definition
Device which allows the patching of program signal into or receives program material from telephone lines.
Term
Telecine
Definition
A device used originally to send out motion pictures over the TV channel. Now it is used to convert original film to video prints.
Term
Telecommunications
Definition
Electronic communication that involves the transmission of encoded sound, pictures, or data over significant distances, using radio signals or electrical or optical lines. The most common method of telecommuncation is via telephone or the Internet.
Term
Teleconference
Definition
Type of meeting which brings together three or more people in two or more locations through telecommunications. See CONFERENCE CALL.
Term
Telemarketing
Definition
Solicitation by telephone.
Term
TelePrompTer®
Definition
Electronic device which allows display of script for speaker to read during presentation.
Term
Telescopic Pipe
Definition
Drape support where one section slides inside another for use at various lengths.
Term
Tempered Pressed Wood
Definition
A hardwood product generally used in backwall paneling.
Term
Template
Definition
Pattern or guide for various repetitive shop functions. See CUTTING SHEET.
Term
Temporary Import
Definition
Exhibition material whose temporary import status exempts payment of duties and taxes on arrival.
Term
Temporary Import Bond
Definition
The surety covering articles imported into a country on a temporary basis. This is generally done in lieu of paying import duties and/or taxes. The fee for the bond is non - refundable in most cases.
Term
Temps
Definition
Temporary workers used for registration and other duties.
Term
Tension Structure
Definition
A tent designed to have all perimeter loading equally distributed over a series of catenaty arches which provides greater stability.
Term
Tent
Definition
Portable canvas shelter. Usually used to house outdoor functions.
Term
Tent Board
Definition
Two boards held together with hinges that form a tent-like structure for signs. See SANDWICH BOARD.
Term
Tent Specialist
Definition
Rental specialist who rents and installs tents for events.
Term
Tentative
Definition
Status assigned to an event after a bid has been submitted to the event organizer and the destination or facility is waiting for a final decision.
Term
Tentative Agenda
Definition
The proposed agenda as circulated prior to its approval at the meeting.
Term
Tentative Hold
Definition
A space temporarily held by a facility or venue for a specific date pending a definite booking. There are no consequences for cancellation. See OPTION.
Term
Terminal
Definition
A building or area needed by transportation operators and passengers at either end of a travel or shipping route by air, rail, road, or sea.
Term
Terminal Server
Definition
A computer that has places to plug in many modems on one side and connection to a LAN or host machine on the other side. The terminal server answers calls and passes the connections on to the appropriate host computer.
Term
Terrine
Definition
Similar to a pate. It is baked in an earthenware dish from which it is served.
Term
Territory
Definition
A defined geographical region or area of prospects and clients.
Term
Testimonial
Definition
A letter of recommendation from a former buyer or organization that is familiar with a speaker’s work.
Term
Theater
Definition
Facility with fixed seats usually on a sloped floor with site lines focused on a permanent state. Typically a Stage Box is located behind the Proscenium which contains the performance area and the Fly Loft.
Term
Theater Semicircular Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which seats are in semicircular rows facing the stage area, no tables.
Term
Theater Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which seats are in rows facing the stage area, no tables. See AUDITORIUM SET-UP.
Term
Theatrical Case
Definition
A telescoping fiber case with canvas straps.
Term
Theme Break
Definition
A break during formal program sessions with special food and beverages pertaining to a theme and often including decorations, costumes, and entertainment.
Term
Theme Party
Definition
Event at which all foods, beverages, decorations, and entertainment relate to a single theme.
Term
Thin Wall Conduit
Definition
Lightweight electrical conduit.
Term
Think Tank
Definition
A group of specialists organized by a business enterprise, governmental body and commissions to undertake intensive study and research into specified problems.
Term
Third Party
Definition
A person other than the principals.
Term
Three Dimensional
Definition
3-D. A flat image having the effect of three dimensions.
Term
Three Sheet
Definition
Bed made with a third sheet on top of the blanket. Also Called TRIPLE SHEET.
Term
Three Wire
Definition
Term describing electrical cable with one continuous ground wire in addition to positive and negative wires.
Term
Through Bill of Lading
Definition
A single bill of lading (B/L) covering both the domestic and international carriage of an export shipment, a air waybill, for instance, is essentially a through bill of lading used for air shipments. Ocean shipments, on the other hand, usually require two separate documents - an inland bill of lading for domestic carriage and an ocean bill of lading for international carriage. Through bills of lading, therefore, cannot be used. See AIR WAYBILL. See Also BILL OF LADING, INLAND BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING.
Term
Throw
Definition
Projection distance.
Term
TIAA
Definition
Travel Industry Association of America.
Term
Ticket Exchange
Definition
Banquet-control procedure whereby guests exchange an event coupon from their registration packet for an actual event ticket and seat assignment. Increases control. Also tends to reduce the number of no shows to provide more accurate guarantees.
Term
Ticket Revalidation
Definition
System of amending an airline ticket to reflect new flights booked.
Term
Ticketing Agreement
Definition
A contract between airlines to accept each other’s tickets for transportation.
Term
Tidy Up
Definition
To refresh and clean a room after guest’s departure when full service had been given earlier.
Term
Tie-Off
Definition
A method of securing shipment by use of nylon belts and block latches.
Term
Tiered
Definition
One or more rows arranged above each other.
Term
TIFF
Definition
Tagged-Image File Format. A graphic file format. TIFF files are also bitmaps that can be any size, resolution or color depth. The TIFF is used to exchange files between applications and computer platforms such as Macintosh and IBM PC-compatible computers.
Term
Timbre
Definition
Characteristic sound. Timbre is formed and affected by the ratios of harmonics to their fundamental, allowing for the difference heard in the same pitch played on different instruments.
Term
Time & Materials
Definition
Method of charging for services on a time spent plus actual cost of materials basis.
Term
Time Agenda
Definition
An outline program of events and time of commencement that is tailored to the needs of an event; also known as sequence of events.
Term
Time Coding
Definition
The numerical synchronization of sound and film elements, encoded with matching numbers (frame to frame) to ensure synchronicity.
Term
Time Delay
Definition
Length of time between the production of live sound and when it is actually heard.
Term
Time Draft
Definition
A draft which matures either a certain number of days after acceptance or a certain number of days after the date of draft. See DATE DRAFT. See Also SIGHT DRAFT.
Term
Time Lines
Definition
Includes each task to be accomplished and is the core of the program plan.
Term
Timecode
Definition
The sequential numbers assigned to each frame of video or film representing the passage of time in hours, minutes, seconds, and even tenths of seconds, for example 01:20:35:10, which indicates that this frame can be found in the first hour, twentieth minute, thirty-fifth second, and first tenth of a second of videotape or film. Time codes are used for catalog purposes when identifying scenes and are most important during editing, saving valuable time in locating scenes needed for a particular edit.
Term
TIP
Definition
A voluntary and selective amount of money, given at will for special or excellent service.
Term
Tiramisu
Definition
An Italian dessert including marscapone cheese and flavored with coffee.
Term
Title
Definition
Denotes person’s rank, office, sex or, in women, matrimonial status.
Term
Titles
Definition
Graphic materials shown on camera.
Term
Tivoli Lights
Definition
The small white lights on cords, used to decorate ficus and other trees.
Term
TL
Definition
Truckload.
Term
TLO
Definition
Total Loss Only.
Term
Toggle Switch
Definition
A lever moved back and forth to open or close an electric circuit.
Term
Toilet
Definition
Sanitary convenience. Also Called LAVATORY, WATER CLOSET (WC).
Term
Ton
Definition
Freight rates for liner cargo generally quoted on the basis of a certain rate per ton, depending on the nature of the commodity. This ton, however, may be a weight ton (2000 pounds) or a measurement ton.
Term
Tongue & Groove
Definition
Construction techniques of assembling two wood elements, one piece having a protrusion, and the other piece having a recess, which interlock.
Term
Top Hat
Definition
A metal tube that fits in the front of a lighting fixture to reduce the spill of stray light without reshaping the beam or creating hard edges.
Term
Top Table
Definition
Seating location for honored guests and/or event presenters. See HEAD TABLE.
Term
Tormentor
Definition
The horizontal curtain that runs from stage right to left connecting the vertical curtains called teasers.
Term
Tortoni
Definition
Vanilla ice cream blended with crushed macaroons and frozen in little frilled paper cups.
Term
TOT
Definition
Transient Occupancy Tax. Tax placed on hotel/motel room rentals. Generally all or part of revenues thus generated is used in financing the operation of convention facilities. Also Called BED TAX, ROOM TAX, HOTEL TAX.
Term
Total Admission Per Spite
Definition
The total admission revenue less discounts divided by total attendance including complimentary admissions.
Term
Total Meeting Room Days
Definition
Total number of event rooms in a facility multiplied by the number of opportunities to lease the space. Commonly 365 days is used as the multiplier.
Term
Total Room Day Inventory
Definition
Total number of leasable square feet within a facility multiplied by the number of days in the year.
Term
Tote Bag
Definition
A large bag given to all attendees when they arrive at the meeting or event to collect handouts and carry materials.
Term
Touch Up
Definition
Paints accompanying an exhibit, in the necessary colors, for the purpose of painting nicks and scratches.
Term
Tour
Definition
1) Any prearranged journey to one or more destinations and back to the point of origin. 2) A recreational trip or activity provided to event attendees and/or accompanying persons as a scheduled portion of the event program. Also Called EXCURSION.
Term
Tour Broker
Definition
An individual licensed and bonded by the Interstate Commerce Commission to operate motor coach tours in the US and, in some cases, Canada. See TOUR OPERATOR.
Term
Tour Conductor
Definition
See ESCORT.
Term
Tour Departure
Definition
Related to the operation of any published tour: the date of the start by any individual or group of a particular travel program, by extension, the entire operation of that single tour.
Term
Tour Escort
Definition
See ESCORT.
Term
Tour Guide
Definition
Someone who takes people on sightseeing excursions of limited duration.
Term
Tour Leader
Definition
See ESCORT.
Term
Tour Operator
Definition
A person or company that creates and/or markets inclusive tours and/or subcontracts their performance. Most tour operators sell through travel agents and/or directly to clients. See CONTRACTOR. See Also OPERATOR.
Term
Tour Option
Definition
Any component at a package tour that is not included in the package price, but may be purchased as an added feature or to extend the length of the package. Tour options are purchased at additional cost.
Term
Tour Package
Definition
1) Prearranged combination of elements such as air, hotel, sightseeing and social events packaged together and sold as an all-inclusive package price, not sold by component parts. 2) To package, meaning to combine elements as above into an all-inclusive package product sold as such at a package price. See PACKAGE.
Term
Tour Voucher
Definition
A certificate issued by a tour broker to be used for lodging, meals, sight seeing tours, etc.
Term
Tour-Based Fares
Definition
Reduced rate excursion fares available to those who buy prepaid tours or packages.
Term
Tourism
Definition
The business of providing and marketing services and facilities for pleasure of travelers. Thus, the concept of tourism is of direct concern to governments, carriers, and the lodging, restaurant and entertainment industries, and of indirect concern to virtually every industry and business in the world.
Term
Tourist Card
Definition
A type of visa issued to tourists prior to entertain a country (required in addition to a passport or other proof of citizenship).
Term
Tourist Information Board
Definition
See CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU (CVB). Nonprofit organization supported by transient room taxes, government budget allocations, private memberships, or a combination of any of these funding mechanisms. A CVB typically encourages groups to hold events, conventions and trade shows in its city, assists those groups with advance preparation and during meetings, and promotes tourism.
Term
Tourist Office
Definition
An organization which exists to promote a town or country to groups or individuals as a tourist destination.
Term
Tourist Service
Definition
A service concerned with the organization of excursions which are purely pleasure.
Term
Tow Motor
Definition
See FORKLIFT/FORKTRUCK.
Term
Tower
Definition
Structure to which lighting instruments are attached.
Term
Track Lighting
Definition
Lights attached along a rod-like metal track mounted on a ceiling or wall permitting flexible spotlighting and other lighting effects.
Term
Tractor-Trailer
Definition
Tractor is the driving unit of a large truck; trailer is the container unit.
Term
Trade
Definition
Relating to groups whose members work in common fields.
Term
Trade Association
Definition
Group of persons or businesses in a particular trade or industry. Generally these organizations are exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Term
Trade Center
Definition
Special purpose office building oriented toward a specific group of users. Typically, wholesalers in a specific industry (e.g., furniture, apparel) have showrooms to exhibit products to buyers.
Term
Trade Day
Definition
Day of an exhibition restricted to attendance by professional or trade visitors.
Term
Trade Fair
Definition
An international term for an exhibition.
Term
Trade Missions
Definition
Group tour with a business rather than a vacation purpose. Usually planned for business or government representatives traveling overseas to secure new business in foreign markets for their product, city or other entity.
Term
Trade Publication
Definition
A magazine that targets a specific industry.
Term
Trade Show
Definition
An exhibition of products and/or services held for members of a common or related industry. Not open to the general public. See EXHIBITION. Compare With GATE SHOW, PUBLIC SHOW, CONSUMER SHOW.
Term
Trade Show Facilitation Web Site
Definition
A Web-site whose primary function is to provide attendees (buyers) and exhibitors (sellers) with online tools that help facilitate participation in an upcoming event.
Term
Trade-Out
Definition
A type of barter. The exchange of goods and services instead of using money.
Term
Traffic Density
Definition
How crowded the aisles are at an event.
Term
Traffic Flow
Definition
Movement of people through an area. A supposed or directed path that attendees will take through an exhibition.
Term
Trailer Interline
Definition
Temporary transfer of control of a trailer from one carrier to a connecting carrier, without the need to re-handle the cargo.
Term
Trainer
Definition
Instructor of techniques and skills on a specific subject.
Term
Training Meeting
Definition
Structured learning session in which instructor presents specific information and techniques.
Term
Tramp Steamer
Definition
A ship not operating on regular routes or schedules. Calls at any point where cargo is available.
Term
Transaction
Definition
A reservation for airline, hotel or car presented to a queue for processing; a key operational definition of the billing process with each transaction billed to a client at a contract-specified rate, generally $xx per transaction.
Term
Transcription
Definition
Written copy of spoken material.
Term
Transducer
Definition
Device which converts one form of energy directly into another form of energy. Loudspeakers, microphone and motors are transducers which convert motion into electricity or vice versa. Light-emitting diodes and solar cells are transducers that convert electricity to light or vice versa, etc.
Term
Transfer
Definition
1) Process of moving equipment and/or people from one point to another. 2) Transportation between terminals and hotels. 3) To copy a picture or sound that is transmitted by one recorder to another, or to make a tape copy from film.
Term
Transformative Learning
Definition
Learning that occurs during the second half of life which is directed at attaining a new consciousness and self-understanding.
Term
Transformer
Definition
Device used to isolate or to raise or lower an A.C. voltage from its input to its output. A typical transformer may consist of two separate coils of wire wound on a magnetic steel score. When an A.C. current passes through the input coil (primary) it produces an alternative magnetic field in the core, which in turn produces current flow in the output coil (secondary). By winding, a greater number of coil turns for the secondary winding, the input voltage is raised at the output; by using fewer secondary turns, the output voltage is lowered. An isolation transformer uses the same number of turns for primary and secondary, maintaining the same input voltage at the output while severing the electrical connection of the two coil windings.
Term
Transient
Definition
Momentary amplitude peak in program source. A pop from a switch or scratched record may form signal transients. Musical transients occur as a result of such things as percussion instruments, piano and guitar. Normal musical transients may have amplitude peaks as high as 40dB above the average program levels, requiring headroom in the circuits and equipment used to reproduce them.
Term
Transient Occupancy Tax
Definition
TOT. Tax placed on hotel/motel room rentals. Generally all or part of revenues thus generated is used in financing the operation of convention facilities. Also Called BED TAX, ROOM TAX, HOTEL TAX.
Term
Transient Response
Definition
Response of audio equipment to sudden large changes in signal amplitude, such as those produced by musical transients.
Term
Transient Space
Definition
Short-term rental space.
Term
Transit
Definition
Passenger changing planes without going through security and/or customs.
Term
Transit and Exhibition Insurance
Definition
The insurance that covers loss or damage caused deliberately or accidentally by third parties during loading, unloading, transshipment, transport, and exhibition.
Term
Transit Visa
Definition
Visa allowing holder to stop over in a country to make a travel connection or for a brief visit.
Term
Translation
Definition
The rendering of one language into another of something written or spoken. See CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION IN RELAY, SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, WHISPERED INTERPRETATION, WIRELESS INFRARED INTERPRETING SYSTEM.
Term
Translite
Definition
A defused transparency, usually mounted between rigid plastic panels.
Term
Translucence
Definition
A silhouette of the hand will be visible through the fine china that makes it semi transparent.
Term
Translucency
Definition
A sheet of treated thin material that may be used to produce silhouette effects.
Term
Translucent Rear Projection Screen
Definition
Plastic screen with a special gray coating allowing images projected from behind the screen to be viewed by the audience in front.
Term
Transmission Fibers
Definition
Fiber optics used for light or information transmission; also known as fiber optics.
Term
Transmitter Unit
Definition
An apparatus for transmitting radio waves through space.
Term
Transparency
Definition
1) Audiovisual material designed to be shown on an overhead projector (also called an overhead). 2) A black and white or color translucent (see-through) photograph or artwork.
Term
Transport Coordinator/Officer
Definition
Person in charge of planning and managing transportation arrangements for participants.
Term
Transportation
Definition
Means of transport, i.e. buses, coaches, cars, etc.
Term
Trapping
Definition
Method of consolidating shipments. Usually defines function of an LTL trucker grouping freight for shipment to a particular show.
Term
Travel Agent/Agency
Definition
Person or firm which is licensed and specializes in travel related arrangements, such booking hotel rooms, meals, transportation, cruises, tours, vacation packages and other travel elements.
Term
Travel Insurance
Definition
An insurance against accidents that occur in the course of travel to or from an event, traveling abroad on business or pleasure.
Term
Travel Mission
Definition
Group tour with a business rather than a vacation purpose. Usually planned for business or government representatives traveling overseas to secure new business in foreign markets for their product, city or other entity. See TRADE MISSIONS.
Term
Travel Suppliers
Definition
Services that cater to travelers (hotels, restaurants, transportation, etc.).
Term
Traveler
Definition
1) Large curtain on a heavy duty traverse rod, which opens horizontally from the middle or one side of the stage. 2) A person who is visiting a different area than that in which he or she lives.
Term
Traverse
Definition
A curtain across a stage, usually towards the back of the stage.
Term
Treadmill Stage
Definition
Machine device consisting of belts running on the stage floor where actors may give the illusion of traveling over a distance.
Term
Treads
Definition
See CYCLORAMA.
Term
Treasurer
Definition
An individual appointed to control the finances of an event or organization.
Term
Trestle Table
Definition
A rectangular table ranging from 4’ to 12’ in length and 2 /2’ in width.
Term
Trim Props
Definition
Props arranged to decorate the set. Also Called SET DRESSING.
Term
Trip Director
Definition
An escort for an incentive company. Larger companies reserve this title for the person who directs all personnel and activities for a particular incentive trip.
Term
Trip Tray
Definition
Box rigged to empty its contents, such as snow or confetti, onto the stage.
Term
Triple Room
Definition
Room with at least two beds occupied by three persons. The symbol used by APEX to denote it is:
Term
Triple Sheet
Definition
Bed made with a third sheet on top of the blanket. Also Called 3-SHEET.
Term
Tripod Screen
Definition
Portable projection screen (usually not larger than 10-12 feet) with three folding legs and a pull-up surface supported by a rod on the back.
Term
Trouble Box
Definition
A box containing tools and supplies to repair an exhibit or product if a problems occurs. See GANG BOX. See Also JOB BOX.
Term
Trouble Shoot
Definition
Process of finding out why plans or equipment are not working properly.
Term
Truck Loaders
Definition
Union labor specifically responsible for unloading equipment.
Term
Truckload
Definition
Truckload rates apply where the tariff shows a truckload minimum weight. Charges will be at the truckload minimum weight unless weight is higher.
Term
Truckload Rates
Definition
Truckload rates apply where the tariff shows a truckload minimum weight. Charges will be at the truckload minimum weight unless weight is higher.
Term
Truffle
Definition
1) A fungus which grows underground in France, and is very expensive. 2) A chocolate candy.
Term
Truss
Definition
1) A frame to carry the room of a tent. 2) A structure of steel bars used to suspend lighting or other technical equipment over a stage. 3) To tie or bind something tightly.
Term
Trust Receipt
Definition
Release of merchandise by a bank to a buyer in which the bank retains title to the merchandise. The buyer, who obtains the goods for manufacturing or sales purposes, is obligated to maintain the goods (or the proceeds from their sale) distinct from the remainder of his or her assets and to hold them ready for repossession by the bank.
Term
Try Out Room
Definition
Room where speakers can check their presentations, slides, overheads, videotapes etc. See READY ROOM.
Term
Tsatske
Definition
See TCHOTCHKE.
Term
TSB
Definition
Trade Show Bureau.
Term
TSEA
Definition
Trade Show Exhibitors Association (formerly the International Exhibitors Association). A member of the Convention Industry Council.
Term
T-Shape Set-Up
Definition
Series of tables set up in the shape of the block T with chairs set all around except at the head table.
Term
Tube Lights
Definition
A string of small, low voltage lights contained in a clear or transparent colored plastic tube, generally wired to be run by a three- or four-circuit sequencer (controller); used as a highlighter around signs, stages, or entrances. They can be bent and mounted on peg-board or other surfaces to form lighted words. See ROPE LIGHTS.
Term
Tuner
Definition
Radio, usually AM/FM type, for receiving off-the-air signals for use within the in house system.
Term
Tunnel
Definition
A horizontal cone of light produced by lasers and fog.
Term
Turn the House
Definition
Procedure using an equalizer and sound source through which the sound of a system is adapted to the particular characteristics of a performance space. In the permanently installed system, the equalization is usually set permanently and not changed. In touring systems, the system will be equalized to fit each venue.
Term
Turnaround
Definition
An action required to break down and reset a room.
Term
Turn-Around Time
Definition
The time it takes to return to your original point of departure during a continuous move.
Term
Turnbuckle
Definition
Hardware installed between stretched cable to adjust tension.
Term
Turndown Service
Definition
Preparation of a bedroom for sleeping by hotel or cruise ship staff that includes turning down the sheets and placing a mint or candy on the pillow.
Term
Turn-Down Service
Definition
Early evening service in which beds are prepared for sleeping. Usually includes replacement of bathroom linens, perhaps leaving the lights on, turning on a radio, or adding candy on the pillow.
Term
Turnkey Exhibit
Definition
A system whereby the exhibit manager turns responsibility of the display over to an exhibit house. In essence, the exhibitor simply 'turns the key' upon arrival at the event and opens the booth/stand.
Term
Turnover
Definition
1) Breaking down and resetting a function room with a different set-up. 2) A pastry that usually has a fruit filling.
Term
Turntable
Definition
Electrically or manually rotating platform.
Term
Turret Projector
Definition
General term for slide projector that stores slides in rotating cylinder, dropping or passing slides one at a time between light source and lens.
Term
Tuxedo Table
Definition
Bar height cocktail table. See Also COCKTAIL TABLE.
Term
TV Monitor
Definition
A type of screen used to show a video image, which has denser pixels (for a sharper image) than a normal television screen.
Term
Tweeter
Definition
Loudspeaker designed to reproduce high frequencies only. Tweeters are typically use at frequencies beyond the center of the audio spectrum which, if placed on a logarithmic scale like a piano keyboard, would be about 630 Hz.
Term
Twenty Footer
Definition
A 20' by (usually) 10' exhibit space. Similar terminology (a 30 footer, etc.) may be used.
Term
Twin Bed
Definition
A bed measuring 38” x 75” (95cm x 88cm); also known as a single bed. See SINGLE BED.
Term
Twinkle Lights
Definition
Flickering or intermittent lights.
Term
Twist Lock
Definition
Type of electrical plugs which are connected by twisting together as opposed to standard male and female plugs.
Term
Two-By-Two Slide
Definition
Piece of 35 mm photographic film in a 2 in x 2 in cardboard, glass or plastic mount. See SLIDE.
Term
Two-Tiered Set-Up
Definition
A seating arrangement with a row of seats on low risers around a BOARDROOM SET-UP. A very space-intensive set-up.
Term
Type Casting
Definition
Selecting actors for roles because they resemble the characters in real life.
Term
Typeface
Definition
Name of type design; e.g., Helvetica, Schoolbook, Times Roman, etc. See FONT.
Term
Typeset Copy
Definition
Text whose type has been mechanically set prior to reproduction.
Term
Typographic Families
Definition
Distinct styles of letter and character design.
Term
Tyrex Cord
Definition
A type of cord that, within proper specifications, makes an acceptable electrical cord for exhibits.
Term
U/W
Definition
Insurance underwriter.
Term
UCT
Definition
Universal Coordinated Time. A standard for time whose master clock is maintained by the United States National Observatory in Bethesda, Maryland. See GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT). See Also ZULU TIME.
Term
U-Format
Definition
Professional/broadcast quality video format in which the tape is 3/4-inch wide and can be used to record and playback; not compatible with VHS or Beta formats. Sometimes called U-Matic.
Term
UL 2305
Definition
Standard for safety for exhibition display units.
Term
Ultra Vires
Definition
Beyond the scope or in excess of legal power or authority.
Term
Ultraviolet Lamp
Definition
A black light used to make phosphorescent and fluorescent paints glow in the dark.
Term
U-Matic
Definition
Professional/broadcast quality video format in which the tape is 3/4-inch wide and can be used to record and playback; not compatible with VHS or Beta formats. Sometimes called U-Format.
Term
Umeboshi
Definition
Japanese plum used as a condiment.
Term
Unanimous
Definition
All who voted are in agreement.
Term
Unbalanced
Definition
Wiring consisting of two conductors, usually one inside the other with the outer conductor shielding the inner conductor. The outer shield is connected to ground or chassis and the inner conductor carries the signal. Virtually all hi-fi signal wiring is of the unbalanced type, as is wiring inside TV sets, audio mixers and other audio equipment.
Term
Under Depart
Definition
A guest who stays at a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days longer than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called STAY OVER, OVERSTAY. Compare With UNDERSTAY.
Term
Under the Auspices of
Definition
With guiding sponsorship by.
Term
Under the Patronage Of
Definition
Use of an eminent name by way of endorsement.
Term
Underground Hospitality Suite
Definition
Hospitality suite that is not hosted by an official sponsoring organization (liability risk).
Term
Underliner
Definition
Plate used under bowl, glass, condiments, and so forth. See BASE PLATE.
Term
Underpayment
Definition
An insufficient payment or funds for items ordered.
Term
Underscore
Definition
To play music during a scene.
Term
Under-Stay
Definition
A guest who checks out of a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days earlier than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called EARLY-OUT, UNEXPECTED DEPARTURE. Compare With OVERSTAY.
Term
Unexpected Departure
Definition
A guest who checks out of a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days earlier than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called UNDER-STAY, EARLY-OUT. Compare With OVERSTAY.
Term
Uniform Resource Locator
Definition
URL. A web site address.
Term
Union
Definition
A labor organization, typically made up of workers from the same trade formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests such as dealing collectively with their employer on issues of wages, hours, working conditions and other matters pertaining to their employment.
Term
Union Call
Definition
1) The number of union members hired to work for an event. 2) Additional servers obtained from a labor source shared by several hotels. 3) The minimum number of hours for which a union laborer must be paid, regardless of actual hours worked.
Term
Union Contract
Definition
Written agreement between an employer and a union specifying the terms and conditions of employment for workers, the status of the union, and the procedure of settling disputes arising during the contract term. See COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT.
Term
Union House
Definition
Facility in which workers are governed and regulated by an organized union; often maintain exclusive contractors.
Term
Union Jurisdiction
Definition
The limits or territory within which control may be exercised by a union may be of at least two kinds. One has to do with geographical limits; the other with trade or craft activity.
Term
Union Official
Definition
Representative of a union either selected or elected by the membership to conduct the affairs of the union.
Term
Union Referral
Definition
Method of hiring in which the union refers job applicants to the employer. Differs from central hiring hall in that there is no fixed location at which applicants gather.
Term
Union Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement with both tables and chairs. Tables are lined up in rows, one behind the other, with chairs facing head table. See CLASSROOM SET-UP.
Term
Union Shop
Definition
A unionized business in which the employer by agreement is free to hire nonmembers as well as members of the union, but newly-hired employees are required, as a condition of employment, to join the union within a specified time after employment, and in which all employees must maintain good standing in the union as a condition of employment.
Term
Union Steward
Definition
On-site union official. The steward is elected by his or her co-workers to oversee that particular union's work in the facility. Stewards are responsible for resolving disputes over union jurisdiction, handling grievances, and ensuring that the terms specified in the union contract are complied with. Also known as Committeeman.
Term
Uniserve Property
Definition
A hotel property in which the convention services manager (CSM) handles all aspects of the event, including catering.
Term
Unity Gain
Definition
No gain or loss. A device with unity gain would produce the same voltage at its output as the voltage applied at its input.
Term
Unsettled Account
Definition
An outstanding invoice not yet paid.
Term
Upgrade
Definition
Provide a higher level of product or service than was ordered or reserved (e.g., move to First Class on an airplane, move to a suite in a hotel).
Term
Upgradeable Fare
Definition
Many carriers offer full coach fares that allow the passenger to upgrade to first class without an additional cost.
Term
Uplink
Definition
The station used to transmit signals from Earth to a satellite (videoconferencing).
Term
Up-Linking
Definition
The sending of video signals via microwave to an existing satellite for transmission to selected sites or anyone capable of satellite reception for that signal; used for teleconferencing or broad distribution of a message on a national or international basis.
Term
Upper Case
Definition
Capital letters.
Term
Upper Deck
Definition
Any occupied second story or greater area, which is accessible by an approved means of egress.
Term
Upright
Definition
1) Vertical position. 2) Metal support for drapes. See POST.
Term
Upsell
Definition
To increase the revenue generated from an attendee or exhibitor, usually by selling such individuals valued added services or goods.
Term
Upson Board
Definition
Fiberboard of varying thickness, used as the surface for visual enhancement such as paint or decoration.
Term
Upstage
Definition
Part of the stage farthest from the audience or camera.
Term
URL
Definition
Uniform Resource Locator. Internet address for a web site. Starts with http://.
Term
Usability
Definition
A lesser standard of accessibility that does not meet ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) minimum requirements, but that may be functionally usable by some people with disabilities.
Term
Use Day
Definition
Term used as a base unit in calculating occupancies. Various facilities have developed different definitions; one of the most common is use of all or part of a facility by one client or tenant for all or part of one day for any purpose; includes event, move-in, move-out and hiatus days.
Term
Useage
Definition
Temporary storage area for excess furniture, carpet and equipment. Typically used by general service contractor on show site.
Term
U-Shape Set-Up
Definition
Series of tables set up in the shape of the letter U with chairs set all around on one or both sides.
Term
USSG
Definition
U.S. Standard Gauge for bolt threads.
Term
Utilities
Definition
Specific energy needs relating to use of electrical power, water, or gas. Traditionally associated with exhibitor needs.
Term
Utility Box
Definition
Box in floor, wall, or column which houses electric outlets and other utility sources.
Term
Vacuum Forming
Definition
Technique for molding plastic sheets by heating and drawing sheets in a vacuum press.
Term
Valance
Definition
1) A trip or finish curtain, usually 12” deep with scalloped edge, used to give a tent a finished appearance. 2) A short overhead, decorative border normally used as a light baffle or screen.
Term
Validated Export License
Definition
A document issued by the U.S. Government authorizing the export of commodities for which written export authorization is required by law. See GENERAL EXPORT LICENSE.
Term
Validation
Definition
Travel agency’s ARC/IATA approved name and number imprinted upon the airline ticket.
Term
Validity Period
Definition
The length of time of an airline ticket validity printed on the “pot valid after” column.
Term
Valley
Definition
Time frame of lower demand for a service or product, depressed period. See SHOULDER SEASON.
Term
Value Added Tax
Definition
VAT. A tax that is added to a product at each step of the manufacturing and marketing process reflecting value which has been added to the product by processing.
Term
Value Season
Definition
See LOW SEASON.
Term
Van Line
Definition
Carrier that specializes in shipping uncrated exhibits, high-tech equipment and delicate materials that require special handling.
Term
Van Shipment
Definition
Shipment of exhibit properties via van lines, often consisting of large pieces, crated or uncrated, such as furniture and exhibit materials.
Term
Vapor Lights
Definition
Special effects lighting. (Street lights are usually mercury vapor lights which have a bluish tint; sodium vapor lights have a yellowish cast and are often used in parking lots.)
Term
Variable Costs or Expenses
Definition
Expenses that vary based upon various factors, such as the number of attendees .
Term
Varietal Wine
Definition
Wines made mainly from one variety of grape. Such wines have the characteristics of the primary grape used. Popular varietals are: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc and Zinfandel.
Term
Variety Entertainment
Definition
Acts such as singers, dancers, comics, or any stand-up performer as opposed to a musical group.
Term
VAT
Definition
Value Added Tax. Applies to all EC countries, Switzerland and other countries around the world. A tax on the estimated market value added to any product at each stage of its manufacture or distribution, ultimately passed on to the consumer. The percentage applies to CIF value and duties and the percentage differs from one country to another. Local VAT on forwarding/handling services is not charged between EC companies with a registered VAT number, or to non-EC exhibitors on condition the local forwarder executes Customs clearance and transport.
Term
VCR
Definition
Video cassette recorder.
Term
Veau
Definition
(voh) Veal.
Term
Vega Mic
Definition
Brand name which has been generalized to mean WIRELESS MICROPHONE.
Term
Vegan
Definition
An individual who eats no meat, and does not use other animal products and by-products such as eggs, dairy products, honey, leather, fur, silk, wool, cosmetics, and soaps derived from animal products. See also VEGETARIAN.
Term
Vegetarian
Definition
An individual who does not eat meat. See Also VEGAN.
Term
Velcro®
Definition
Brand name of special tape used to adhere objects to a display. The tape has two components: loop and fabric. The two components adhere to one another, but may be easily separated and reattached, allowing graphics and other materials to be moved.
Term
Velour
Definition
A plush fabric like velvet, used for draperies, upholstery, etc.
Term
Velouté
Definition
White sauce used as a base for other sauces.
Term
Velox
Definition
Photographic material used in preparing camera-ready art. See PHOTOSTAT.
Term
Vendor
Definition
One who sells services or goods.
Term
Veneer
Definition
Finish product that is applied over a base material, or substrate.
Term
Ventilation
Definition
The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space.
Term
Venue
Definition
1) Site or destination of meeting, event or show 2). Location of performance such as hall, ballroom, auditorium, etc.
Term
Venue Manager
Definition
The person at the venue responsible for all transportation aspects at the location.
Term
Verbatim Report
Definition
A full and exact word-for-word transcript, in writing, of all speeches, debates or discussions.
Term
Verified Attendance
Definition
The number of attendees who actually come to the event. Attendee figures, which have been audited to substantiate the actual number of attendees at an event.
Term
Veronique
Definition
Prepared with creamy white sauce and green grapes.
Term
Vert
Definition
Green.
Term
Vertical Cuisine
Definition
Menu items where food is stacked for height, such as endive boats filled with salad greens. See ARCHITECTURAL CUISINE.
Term
Vertical Show
Definition
An exhibition at which the products or services being displayed represent one element of an industry or profession. See EXHIBITION. See Also HORIZONTAL SHOW.
Term
Vertical Union
Definition
Union with jurisdiction over all occupations, skilled and unskilled, in an entire industry.
Term
Very Important Person
Definition
VIP. Person who has a special function at the event (speaker, dignitary, etc.) and should be treated with special care and attention.
Term
VHS Format
Definition
Video Home System. Video tape recorder and player utilizing ½-inch (1.27 centimeter) tape. Not compatible with beta format.
Term
Vibrancy
Definition
Degree of intensity of colors. See BRILLIANCE.
Term
Vice-Chairman/ Woman/Person
Definition
Person selected to deputize for, or assist, the chairman in controlling and managing either a committee or a conference session.
Term
Vidalia Onions
Definition
Sweet onions, only from South Georgia.
Term
Video Character Generator
Definition
A computer-assisted device used to generate and create letters, numbers and symbols electronically. In simple terms, it is a video image; it can also be used to recap key points made by a speaker or supply basic information such as final credits.
Term
Video Enhancement
Definition
The enlargement of a video image from the size of a typical consumer television screen to dimensions for large projection screens used when attempting to present a larger-than-life image to an audience. See VIDEO MAGNIFICATION.
Term
Video Formats
Definition
Type and size of the recording format in which a video presentation is recorded or played back. These include VHS (the most common), Beta, U-Matic, 1 inch, ¾ inch and ½ inch.
Term
Video Magnification
Definition
See IMAGE MAGNIFICATION. See Also VIDEO ENHANCEMENT.
Term
Video Player
Definition
Equipment for paying back video and audio signals on magnetic tape.
Term
Video Projection
Definition
Casting video images on monitors or on large screen.
Term
Video Projector
Definition
An equipment used to project a video image on a large screen; also known as teleprojector.
Term
Video Recorder
Definition
Equipment for the recording of images and sound on a magnetic tape in the form of a video.
Term
Videoconference
Definition
A meeting between two or more people or groups across a distance, including video, audio, and potentially other data, utilizing telecommunications or communications satellites for transmission of the signal. See TELECONFERENCE.
Term
Videographers
Definition
Professionals hired to develop videotape that can be used to promote an event.
Term
Videotape
Definition
Magnetic tape used in video equipment to record and play back video images.
Term
Videowall
Definition
Array of video screens in a rectangular fashion on which images may be displayed individually on each screen or portions of the same image may be displayed in an enlarged format involving the whole or part of the array.
Term
Vinaigrette
Definition
Served with an oil and vinegar dressing.
Term
Vintage
Definition
Wine made from a grape harvest of a specific year. A vintage wine is made using 95 percent of those grapes. Wines made from grapes harvested from several years are called nonvintage.
Term
Vinyl
Definition
Plastic material used for drapes or table tops.
Term
Vinyl Tops
Definition
Plastic table-top coverings.
Term
VIP
Definition
Very Important Person. Person who has a special function at the event (speaker, dignitary, etc.) and should be treated with special care and attention.
Term
VIP Identification
Definition
A means for identifying the very important people at an event using badges, flowers or special seating.
Term
VIP Services
Definition
A system of providing special assistance to a high-ranking official or important guest.
Term
Virtual Conferencing
Definition
Any meeting where people at two or more distant locations are linked using video, audio and data for two-way communication via satellite communications or the Internet. Each party sees and hears the other through a TV screen or computer monitor and audio speakers.
Term
Virtual Tour
Definition
Any tour where people at two or more distant locations are linked using video, audio and data for communications. Each party sees and hears the tour through a TV screen or computer monitor and audio speakers.
Term
Virtual Trade Show
Definition
Exhibit of products or services that can be viewed over the internet.
Term
Visa
Definition
Permit, recorded in a passport, to enter a country for a specific purpose and period of time.
Term
Vischyssoise
Definition
Chilled potato, chicken broth soup.
Term
Visit
Definition
Organized outing to a local place of interest.
Term
Visitor
Definition
1) An attendee and/or a potential customer. 2) According to the World Tourism Organization: Visitor refers to any person traveling to a place other than that of his/her usual environment for less than 12 consecutive months and whose main purpose of trip is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.
Term
Visqueen
Definition
A type of clear plastic sheeting used to protect carpeting.
Term
Visual Aid
Definition
Materials used in a presentation to give a visual image that will help clarify or demonstrate a point to the audience.
Term
Vitrified
Definition
Material that is changed into a glass like substance by fusion due to heat.
Term
VOC
Definition
Volatile Organic Compounds. Volatile organic compounds are compounds that have a high vapor pressure and low water solubility. Many VOCs are human-made chemicals that are used and produced in the manufacture of paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants. VOCs typically are industrial solvents, such as trichloroethylene; fuel oxygenates, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE); or by-products produced by chlorination in water treatment, such as chloroform. VOCs are often components of petroleum fuels, hydraulic fluids, paint thinners, and dry cleaning agents. VOCs are common ground-water contaminants.
Term
Voice Over
Definition
Announcement or other narrative copy which is “voiced” over the top of video or musical programming.
Term
Voicing
Definition
Equalization of sounds produced by a system such as a piano or a loudspeaker so that the audio spectrum is produced evenly with all notes or frequencies at the same volume.
Term
Void
Definition
A ticket returned within the same calendar week it was issued but prior to the submission of the ARC sales report. Voided tickets do not appear on the traveler or corporate credit card.
Term
Vol au Vent
Definition
Puff pastry shell or cup, usually filled with creamed meat entrée or a fruit/custard dessert.
Term
Voltage
Definition
The measurement of the force needed for the flow of electricity. An International System unit of electromotive force or potential difference, usually expressed in “volts.”
Term
Volume
Definition
1) Rates or classes are those for which a minimum weight (Vol. min. wt.) is provided; charges will be assessed at the volume minimum weight shown in the tariff, except that actual weight will apply when in excess of the minimum weight. 2) Popular term used to denote sound intensity level.
Term
Volume Incentive
Definition
See OVERRIDE.
Term
Voluntary Upgrade
Definition
Individual moves to higher priced class of service or accommodations for additional fare.
Term
Volunteer Speaker
Definition
Speaker (usually a member of the organization) who volunteers their skills as a presenter for a meeting.
Term
Voucher
Definition
Ticket which travelers exchange for prepaid services such as accommodations, meals, and tours. See COUPON.
Term
Voucher Plan
Definition
Hotel plan whereby the daily rate covers the room cost and provides a set amount that can be applied to food and beverage items.
Term
V-Shape Set-Up
Definition
Seating arrangement in which chairs are arranged in rows slanted in a V shape and separated by a center aisle. They face the head table or speaker. See HERRINGBONE SET-UP. See Also CHEVRON SET-UP.
Term
VT
Definition
Video tape.
Term
VTR
Definition
Video tape recording or video tape recorder.
Term
vu
Definition
Unit of volume in which the standard volume meter is calibrated. A change in volume of one vu is the equivalent to a change of one decibel for a sine wave when measured across a 600 ohm resistance.
Term
vu Meter
Definition
Special voltmeter calibrated in units called volume unit (vu). It is used to give a visual indication for a change in volume of complex waveforms, such as the human voice or music. The meter is usually found on audio equipment manufactured both for commercial and consumer products.
Term
VUSA Fare
Definition
Visit U.S.A. fare. In conjunction with a roundtrip airfare to the United States, offers travelers discounted air fares within the United States and Canada.
Term
W&I
Definition
Weighing and Inspection.
Term
W/B
Definition
Waybill.
Term
WA
Definition
With Average. A marine insurance term meaning that a shipment is protected from partial damage whenever the damage exceeds a specified percentage - usually 3 percent.
Term
Wage Pattern
Definition
The wage structure of various jobs in a specific industry or area.
Term
Wage Rate
Definition
Rate of pay per period of time or per unit of production for labor or services provided by an individual on a given job.
Term
Wages
Definition
The total of all salaries, wages paid, contract labor payments, worker’s compensation, consultant fees, benefit costs and payroll taxes that are made to employees for work carried out.
Term
Waiter Parade
Definition
White gloved servers circle the room, usually with flaming dishes, before placing the food on the tables with a flourish.
Term
Waiting Time
Definition
An accessorial charge associated with the cost of a carrier waiting in line or waiting in a marshalling area to get unloaded or re-loaded. Most carriers will not charge for minor delays.
Term
Waitlist
Definition
Term used for a list of clients awaiting transportation or accommodations at time when they are unavailable. Waitlist clients are confirmed as a result of subsequent cancellations.
Term
Waitlisted
Definition
If a traveler’s preferred flight is completely full, in most instances it can be waitlisted and an alternative flight confirmed as “protection.”
Term
Waiver of Subrogation
Definition
A release of rights to substitute one party for another party. The release of an insurance company right to succeed to the insured's rights to sue for damages against the tortfeasor, after the insurance company pays an insured's claim of loss due to another's tort.
Term
Waldorf Salad
Definition
Dish of diced apples, celery, chopped walnuts, mayonnaise and whipped cream.
Term
Walk
Definition
Guest holding confirmed sleeping room reservation is denied accommodations at the hotel where to reservation is held upon their arrival and is relocated to another hotel.
Term
Walk and Talk
Definition
Slang for a reception without seating.
Term
Walk Away Clause
Definition
See CANCELLATION CLAUSE.
Term
Walk Out
Definition
See STRIKE.
Term
Walkie-Talkie
Definition
Wireless radio that transmits and receives oral communications.
Term
Walk-In
Definition
Guest requesting accommodations without a prior reservation.
Term
Walk-In/Out Music
Definition
Music accompanying arriving and exiting guests at an event (processional, recessional).
Term
Walking Guest
Definition
A guest with hotel reservations who is denied a room due to the hotel’s overbooking.
Term
Walking Tour
Definition
A standard trip for sightseeing or for inspection on foot on a certain course.
Term
Walk-On
Definition
Music played while a new presenter arrives on stage.
Term
Walk-Through
Definition
1) Review of event details. 2) Site inspection. 3) Inspection of function room prior to function. 4) Inspection of exhibit floor prior to opening of the event.
Term
Walk-Up Call
Definition
Asking the celebrity or speaker to come up on stage from the audience to make a presentation.
Term
Walk-Up Reservation
Definition
A traveler who makes a purchase from a supplier without the benefit of an advance reservation.
Term
Wallboard
Definition
A soft wood or fiber product used in one-time paneling or where whiteness and softness is desired.
Term
WAN
Definition
Wide Area Network. Any Internet or network that covers an area larger than a single building or campus. It spans multiple geographic distances.
Term
War Room
Definition
Exhibit space lottery location.
Term
Wardrobe
Definition
1) Costumes and all articles of dress of a play or production. 2) Room in which costumes are store or fitted.
Term
Wardrobe Mistress
Definition
An individual in charge of costumes and their upkeep.
Term
Warehouse Receipt
Definition
A receipt issued by a warehouse listing goods received for storage. See DOCK RECEIPT.
Term
Warm-Up
Definition
Activity to liven up the audience prior to show time.
Term
Warranty
Definition
Statement made on an application for insurance that the applicant warrants to be true. If untrue, in any respect, any insurance relating to that warranty can be voided.
Term
Wasabi
Definition
Japanese paste condiment made from horseradish.
Term
Wash
Definition
The difference between number of reservations at cut-off date and the number of final reservations at the end of an event. Can be positive or negative and be expressed as a number or percentage. See Also CANCELLATION/NO-SHOW PERCENTAGE.
Term
Wash Light
Definition
Colored light that softly illuminates an area.
Term
Waste Removal
Definition
Removal of trash from building.
Term
Waste Water Drain
Definition
A temporary drain line usually leading into sewer system.
Term
Water Closet
Definition
WC. Sanitary convenience. Also Called TOILET, LAVATORY.
Term
Water Connection
Definition
The temporary supply of water to a booth/stand.
Term
Water Cooling
Definition
The method used to cool high-power lasers which requires a standard water supply (such as a janitor’s sink drain). In some circumstances the water is maintained in a closed system and the heat is extracted by a heat exchanger.
Term
Water Stations
Definition
Tables with containers of drinking water and glasses for self service.
Term
Water Weights
Definition
When large barrels are filled with water and used for anchoring a tent.
Term
Watt
Definition
A unit of electrical power equal to a current of one ampere under one volt of pressure.
Term
Waveform
Definition
Shape of the wave produced by a sound. Such shapes depend on the content of harmonics of the sound, and can be viewed on an oscilloscope fed by a microphone or other sound signal source.
Term
Wavelength
Definition
Length of waves (from crest through trough to crest) produced by propagating sound, light or electromagnetic radiation. All radiation produces waves.
Term
Way Bill
Definition
List of enclosed goods and shipping instructions, sent with material in transit.
Term
Weather Back-Up Plan
Definition
The process of formulating strategies or detailed plans to deal with possible and unanticipated weather conditions that may affect events or other outdoor programs.
Term
Web
Definition
World Wide Web.
Term
Webcast
Definition
An event that broadcasts the audio and/or video portion of a keynote presentation or other educational sessions over the Web in real-time or on-demand.
Term
Webconferencing
Definition
Web browser-based videoconferencing.
Term
Webmaster
Definition
The person who maintains the Web site.
Term
Welcome Cocktail
Definition
A drink served as an introductory gesture of welcome. Can refer to a single drink, or a reception where such drinks are served.
Term
Welcome Reception
Definition
An opening event where welcome drinks and often food are served.
Term
Well Brand
Definition
See HOUSE BRAND.
Term
Wet
Definition
Addition of reverberation to audio program source material makes the sound “wet” when compared to “dry” sounds with no reverberation. See DRY.
Term
Wet Lease
Definition
Rental of a plane with crew, supplies, fuel, and maintenance service.
Term
Wet Mount
Definition
Process of wetting photo blow up prior to wrapping it around a panel.
Term
Wharfage
Definition
A charge assessed by a pier or dock owner for handling incoming or outgoing cargo.
Term
Wheeler/Wheelie
Definition
An upright, manually propelled, two wheeled cart used to move objects, such as boxes or luggage.
Term
Whispered Interpretation
Definition
Interpretation by an interpreter in a low voice to the audience usually while sitting next to the interpreter. See CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION IN RELAY, SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, TRANSLATION, WIRELESS INFRARED INTERPRETING SYSTEM.
Term
White Board
Definition
A board with a white surface on which one can write with washable markers. Also Called MARKER BOARD. See also BLACKBOARD, CHALKBOARD.
Term
White Noise
Definition
Random noise whose various frequency components all share the same energy density characteristics, producing the same voltage at any particular discrete frequency over a period of time, thus causing a frequency response trend that rises the same number of decibels as the percentage of frequency increase. See NOISE.
Term
White Tie
Definition
Formal dress requiring white tie and tails for men and formal evening dress for women. See BLACK TIE. See Also FORMAL DRESS.
Term
Whiteboarding
Definition
A feature of videoconferencing systems which allows the placement of shared documents on an on-screen shared space or “whiteboard.” Participants can edit and mark up the document just as on a physical whiteboard.
Term
Wholesaler
Definition
Company which packages various components of tours and travel programs for sale through travel agencies.
Term
Wide-Angle Lens
Definition
Special lens on projector for wider than normal image projection.
Term
Widow
Definition
A short line of type at the end of a paragraph, usually one or two words.
Term
Windscreen
Definition
Porous cover for microphones to block unwanted sounds.
Term
Wing Nut
Definition
Commonly used threaded nut with flanges. Used for connecting backwall panels, and preferred for their easy adjustment by hand.
Term
Wings
Definition
Off-stage area out of audience sight lines.
Term
Win-Win Situation
Definition
Negotiable concept in which all parties benefit from the contract.
Term
Wipe
Definition
Scene in a motion picture that appears to be pushed off screen by a new scene.
Term
Wire Nut
Definition
Plastic thimble with recessed spring that closes spliced wires so that electrical contact is maintained.
Term
Wireless Infrared Interpreting System
Definition
An interpreting system operated by radio waves and hence without wire or cable connections to audience headsets. See CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION, INTERPRETATION IN RELAY, SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, TRANSLATION, WHISPERED INTERPRETATION.
Term
Wishbone Leg
Definition
Fold-up leg on display table.
Term
Without Reserve
Definition
A term indicating that a shipper's agent or representative is empowered to make definitive decisions and adjustments abroad without approval of the group or individual represented. See ADVISORY CAPACITY.
Term
Won Ton
Definition
Chinese ravioli.
Term
Woofer
Definition
Loudspeaker designed to reproduce low-frequency sound only. Some woofers are called full-range loudspeakers and are used alone, e.g., ceiling speakers. Woofer in systems are usually used below about 3000Hz.
Term
Work Lights
Definition
Lights used for rehearsal or working on stage.
Term
Work Rules
Definition
Jurisdictional regulations which govern union craftsperson's working arrangement, include what work exhibitor may perform, when overtime begins, etc.
Term
Work Time
Definition
Paid time that begins as soon as the workers are turned over to the exhibitor. Stops when the exhibitor releases them.
Term
Working Drawing
Definition
The detail plans from which an exhibit is constructed.
Term
Working Foreman
Definition
Employee who functions both as an employee and a supervisor at the same time. May be a workman part of the time and a foreman the rest of the time. May or may not be considered a supervisor under the Wage-Hour Law and the Labor Management Relations Act.
Term
Working Group
Definition
1) A meeting at which participants learn about a specific subject by means of practical “hands-on” application to that subject. 2) A meeting at which the participants discuss a particular subject, usually with the expectation of arriving at a common position within the group for proposing a solution to the problem.
Term
Working Language
Definition
The language in which the various aspects of a meeting are conducted in practice.
Term
Working Lunch
Definition
Light meal for small discussion groups, without a break from working sessions.
Term
Working Program
Definition
Timetable of conference content.
Term
Working Session
Definition
Every pre-arranged session of a formal meeting such as a congress or convention.
Term
Workshop
Definition
1) Meeting of several persons for intensive discussion. The workshop concept has been developed to compensate for diverging views in a particular discipline or on a particular subject. 2) Informal and public session of free discussion organized to take place between formal plenary sessions or commissions of a congress or of a conference, either on a subject chosen by the participants themselves or else on a special problem suggested by the organizers. 3) Training session in which participants, often through exercises, develop skills and knowledge in a given field.
Term
World’s Fair
Definition
An infrequently occurring celebration that typically showcases the latest or future advances in the arts, culture, and technology.
Term
Worldspan
Definition
One of the four major Computerized Reservation Systems (CRS) or Global Distribution Systems (GDS).
Term
Wrap-Up
Definition
1) To conclude an event. 2) To prepare the final report on an event.
Term
Writing Chairs
Definition
See TABLET CHAIRS.
Term
Xenon Lamp
Definition
Extremely high intensity lamp that is replacing the carbon arc light source in follow spots and long distance projectors.
Term
XFMR
Definition
Abbreviation for “transformer.”
Term
XL Connector
Definition
See XLR CONNECTOR.
Term
XLR Connector
Definition
Typically, a three-pin plug or receptacle with a metal shell used for microphone cables and line level signal-carrying cabling.
Term
XML
Definition
eXtensible Markup Language. An organizational markup language that describes text in a digital document.
Term
Yakitori
Definition
Japanese term meaning "grilled" (yaki ) "fowl" (tori ), usually referring to pieces of marinated chicken that are skewered and grilled. Other meats may be used in place of the chicken.
Term
Yellow-Dog Contract
Definition
Employment agreement, oral or written, providing that, as a condition of employment, an employee will not become or remain a union member. Illegal under the Norris-LaGuardia Act.
Term
Yield
Definition
1) Number of pieces obtained from any given unit. 2) Exhibit revenue divided by net square feet or conference revenue divided by total number of conference attendees.
Term
Yield Management
Definition
Computer program that uses variable pricing models to maximize the return on a fixed (perishable) inventory, such as hotel rooms, based on supply-and-demand theory.
Term
Yield Management System
Definition
A sophisticated computer based pricing system that vendors use to adjust prices based on anticipated demand. Also referred to as Revenue Management.
Term
Yoke
Definition
The metal, U-shaped support, which holds a lighting instrument.
Term
Zero-Based Budgeting
Definition
The process of building a budget without benefit of a previous year’s budget.
Term
Zone Fares
Definition
Unpublished rates offered from the areas of the U.S. and Canada to specified event destinations; they do not require Saturday night stay over.
Term
Zones
Definition
The rightmost part of an Internet address is called its zone. Name zones are divided into two categories: the three letter zone and the two letter zone. Three letter zones are set up by type of organizations; .com stands for commercial; .edu stands for educational institutions; .gov represents government bodies and departments. Within the United States, most Internet sites have names in one of the three letter zones; elsewhere, it is more common to use geographic names, by country or other recognized political entity.
Term
Zoom Lens
Definition
Projection or camera lens of variable magnification that permits a smooth change of subject coverage between distance and close-up without changing the projection or the camera position.
Term
Zulu Time
Definition
Greenwich Mean Time, the world time standard. See UCT (UNIVERSAL COORDINATED TIME). See Also GREENWICH MEAN TIME.
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