Term
| what are the 2 lateral parts of the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the part of the cerebellum that is in the middle when it's in your brain but is on the bottom when you unfold it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anatomically, what is another term for the vestibulocerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the center part of the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 parts of the spinocerebellum |
|
Definition
| vermis surrounded on 2 lateral sides by paramedian |
|
|
Term
| describe the main homonculus of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| upside down person. Ipsilateral |
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum contains the upside down homonculus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum is important for trunkal musculature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum is important for distal musculature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three major paths for things going in or out of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| superior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, inferior cerebellar peduncle |
|
|
Term
| which cerebellar peduncle is an afferent pathway for things coming in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cerebellar peduncle is an efferent pathway for things going out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cerebellar peduncle is a pathway both for things leaving and entering the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the deep cerebellar nucleus in each cerebrocerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the deep cerebellar nucleus in each paramedian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the deep cerebellar nucleus in the vermal portion of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where does the cerebrocerebellum always project information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where does the paramedian always project information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where does the vermis always project information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where does the vestibulocerebellum project information |
|
Definition
| either the fastigial nucleus or the vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| where in the cerebellum are purkinje cells located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where do purkinje cells project |
|
Definition
| to a deep nucleus of the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| if I am a purkinje cell in the cerebrocerebellum to where do I project |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if I am a purkinje cell in the floccus/nodulus/vestibulocerebellum, to where do I project |
|
Definition
| fastigial or vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| do axonal projections from the cerebellum synapse on LMNs or interneurons in the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the cerebellar axons don't synapse on LMNs or interneurons, how does it influence movements |
|
Definition
| by modulating the activity patterns of UMNs |
|
|
Term
| to where does the cerebellum send axonal projections |
|
Definition
| to virtually all UMN pathways |
|
|
Term
| what 2 types of information goes to the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| sensory information about what kind of movements are occurring; information about planned movement |
|
|
Term
| from where does the cerebellum receive information about the initiation and planning of skilled movements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where does the cerebellum receive information about the course of movements that are occurring |
|
Definition
| from the sensory systems (proprioception and vestibular) |
|
|
Term
| how is the cerebellum a comparator |
|
Definition
| it compares entended movements with actual movements |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where in the cerebellum is information about motor planning as well as sensory information projected to |
|
Definition
| purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex |
|
|
Term
| what do purkinje cells do following reception of motor planning and sensory information |
|
Definition
| purkinje cells project a correction signal of intended vs. actual movements to the deep nuclei |
|
|
Term
| what do the deep nuclei of the cerebellum do upon receipt of a correction signal from purkinje cells |
|
Definition
| deep nuclei then project the correction signal to modulate the activity of UMNs |
|
|
Term
| when does the cerebellum analyze and correct movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can you move without your cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large cells with extensive dendrites located in the cortex of the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| what are the most abundant cells in the human brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized axons from granule cells |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers are the majority of afferent/incoming fibers to the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers wrap themselves around purkinje fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do climbing fibers come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do we call afferent axons from the inferior olive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do we call afferent axons to the cerebellum from the pons, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do mossy fibers synapse on in the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the axons of granule cells give rise to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are granule axons called parallel fibers when they split |
|
Definition
| because they run parallel to each other |
|
|
Term
| what do parallel fibers do |
|
Definition
| send excitatory input over to dendrites of purkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
| is the excitatory input that parallel fibers give to purkinje fibers weak or strong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can the weak excitatory input from parallel fibers excite purkinje fibers |
|
Definition
| because of their extensive dendrites, purkinje fibers can receive input from over 10,000 parallel fibers |
|
|
Term
| along with parallel fibers, from what other fibers do purkinjes receive excitatory synapses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the excitatory input that climibing fibers give to purkinje fibers weak or strong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do purkinje fibers project |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are purkinje cells excitatory or inhibitory |
|
Definition
| GABAnergically inhibitory |
|
|
Term
| is the output of the cerebellar cortex excitatory or inhibitory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do purkinje cells do to the deep cerebellar nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from what do deep cerebellar nuclei receive excitatory synapses |
|
Definition
| collateral branches of mossy and climbing fibers |
|
|
Term
| what modulates the excitation of the deep cerebellar nuclei from the mossy and climbing fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is purkinje cell excitation from mossy fibers direct or indirect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is purkinje cell excitation from mossy fibers indirect |
|
Definition
| mossy fibres synapse on granules, whose axons bifurcate into parallel fibers and synapse on purkinje cells |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 sources of excitatory input on purkinje cells from outside the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| mossy fibers, climbing fibers |
|
|
Term
| is purkinje cell excitation from climbing fibers direct or indirect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gives rise to the output/efferent fibers of the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the correction signal to the deep nuclei of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| inhibitory impulses from purkinje cells |
|
|
Term
| describe dr k's family with purkinje cells, mossy fibers, climbing fibers, and deep cerebellar nuclei |
|
Definition
| Dr. K is a deep cerebellar nucleus. His daughters are climbing and mossy fibers. They ask him for something, and he says yes. They ask his wife (purkinje cell), and she tells him he has to say no. So he compromises and tones down his original yes. |
|
|
Term
| describe the formation of correction signal from purkinje, climbing, mossy fibers |
|
Definition
| an input to the cerebellum sends excitatory information to the deep nuclei through collaterals of the climbing and mossy fibers. A short time later, the deep nuclei receives processed inhibitory information from the purkinje cells, which were also excitied by the climbing and mossy fibers. What leaves the deep nuclei are correction signals that leave the cerebellum to modulate the activity of UMNs throughout the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| what happens to information that enters the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| it comes back out altered/corrected |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 principle functions of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| 1. compares planned movement with actual movement and makes error corrections. 2. relies on sensory/feedback information to optimize movements. 3. coordinates equilibrium, posture, and eye movements. 4. plans and learns certain coordinated skilled movements. 5. together with the basal ganglia, regulates and modifies motor performance |
|
|
Term
| what does the cerebellum rely on to optimize movement |
|
Definition
| sensory information/feedback |
|
|
Term
| if we could unfold the cerebellum from the brainstem, what would be the 3 anatomical regions of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| anterior lobe, posterior lobe, flocconodular lobe |
|
|
Term
| what other brain structure is developed from the same part of the embryological neural tube as the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the central (vertical) region of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do we call the 2 lateral parts of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 fissures of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| primary, horizontal, posterior |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 major components of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar peduncles |
|
|
Term
| what is the cerebellar cortex |
|
Definition
| the overlying outer cortical region made of gray matter |
|
|
Term
| what travels through the cerebellar peduncles |
|
Definition
| all incoming and outgoing information to/from the cerebellum (axon tracts) |
|
|
Term
| what type of pathway is the superior cerebellar peduncel |
|
Definition
| primarily an efferent pathway (output axons) |
|
|
Term
| what type of pathway is the middle cerebellar peduncle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the afferent axons that go to the cerebellum through the middle peduncle come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of pathway is the inferior cerebellar peduncle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| about how many neurons go into each side of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from what 4 major anatomical areas does the cerebellum receive input |
|
Definition
| cerebrum, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, inferior olive |
|
|
Term
| from what cerebral cortices does the cerebellum receive input |
|
Definition
| frontal/parietal cortices |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers that carry input to the cerebellum from the vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, and cortices/cerebrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| through which peduncles does afferent information travel to get to the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| middle and inferior peduncles |
|
|
Term
| what are the output targets of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| locations of where UMN pathways originate |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 output targets of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| red nucleus, vestibular nuclei, superior colliculus, reticular formation, motor cortex (via thalamus VA/VL nuclei) |
|
|
Term
| describe the cerebellar cortex |
|
Definition
| similar to cerebral cortex: contain cell bodies overlying deeper white matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensive folds in the cerebellar cortex that increase surface area |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 functional areas of the cortex of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| cerebrocerebellum, vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest subdivision of the cerebellar cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is phylogenetically the oldest part of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are the subdivisions of the cerebellar cortex made/named |
|
Definition
| by their different sources of input |
|
|
Term
| from where does the cerebrocerebellum receive input |
|
Definition
| from many areas of the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| in what kinds of animals is the cerebrocerebellum highly developed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cerebrocerebellum concerned with |
|
Definition
| the planning and execution of highly skilled movements including speech: movement planning and learning |
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum contains the flocculus and noddulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where does the vestibulocerebellum receive input |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vestibulocerebellum primarily concerned with |
|
Definition
| the regulation of movements underlying posture and equilibrium; also regulates eye movement |
|
|
Term
| from where does the spinocerebellum receive input |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the spinocerebellum concerned with |
|
Definition
| ongoing execution of limb movement |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral/paramedian part of the spinocerebellum concerned with |
|
Definition
| distal limb muscle movmeent |
|
|
Term
| what is the median/vermis part of the spinocerebellum concerned with |
|
Definition
| proximal muscle movements and eye movement |
|
|
Term
| what kind of info does the cerebrocerebellum get and from where |
|
Definition
| info from cerebrum about planning activity |
|
|
Term
| what kind of info does the vestibulocerebellum get and from where |
|
Definition
| from vestibular nuclei about where we are in space |
|
|
Term
| what kind of info does the spinocerebellum get and from where |
|
Definition
| from spinal cord about position of trunk/body/limbs |
|
|
Term
| is the somatotopic map of the cerebellum continuous or fractionated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the bottom line of the somatotopic map of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| distal limbs are lateral, trunk is medial |
|
|
Term
| where are the deep cerebellar nuclei |
|
Definition
| embedded in white matter deep to the cerebellar cortex |
|
|
Term
| what are the deep cerebellar nuceli |
|
Definition
| dentate, interposed, fastigial |
|
|
Term
| from where do the deep cerebellar nuclei receive input |
|
Definition
| purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex |
|
|
Term
| what do the neurons of the deep nuclei do |
|
Definition
| give rise to the major excitatory output pathways from the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 nuclei that are a part of the interposed nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the deep cerebellar nuclei is the largest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the cerebellum projects to the dentate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum project to the interposed and fastigial nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum projects to the fastigial and vestibular nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 cerebellar pathways |
|
Definition
| olivocerebellar, cerebrocerebellar, spinocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar |
|
|
Term
| which of the cerebellar pathways integrates with the other 3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the olivocerebellar pathway integrate with the other cerebellar pathways |
|
Definition
| our olive is always sending climbing fibers to all other pathways/parts of the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| from where does the inferior olive receive descending information |
|
Definition
| the inferior olive receives descending information from the cerebral cortex, including motor and visual cortices as well as the red nucleus |
|
|
Term
| from where does the inferior olive receive ascending information |
|
Definition
| inferior olive receives ascending sensory and proprioceptive information from the limbs via spinolivary tracts |
|
|
Term
| once integrated, where does information that has been projected to the inferior olive go next? |
|
Definition
| all areas of the contralateral cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| through which peduncle does information travel from the inferior olive to the contralateral cerebellum |
|
Definition
| inferior cerebellar peduncle |
|
|
Term
| what kind of information does the inferior olive give to the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| information about actual and intended ongoing movements |
|
|
Term
| what do inferior olive projections to the cerebellum play an important role in |
|
Definition
| motor learning. When you learn new activities, this pathway works in overtime |
|
|
Term
| through what type of fibers does information travel on to go from the inferior olive to the cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when I have a motor plan to move a muscle, what is the path of the motor command to initiate voluntary movement (be general) |
|
Definition
| command is sent from the motor cortex to the muscle through the corticospinal tract |
|
|
Term
| when I have a motor plan to move a muscle, how does the plan also get to the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| the plan is projected from the cortex to the pontine nuclei. Fibers then project via the middle cerebellar peduncle to the cerebrocerebellum/purkinje cells |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the motor plan information in the cerebrocerebellum |
|
Definition
| the cerebrocerebellum analyzes the plan then generates a correction signal which is then projected to the dentate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| where does the correction signal in the cerebrocerebellum pathway go after reaching the dentate nucleus |
|
Definition
| the correction signal is projected via the superior cerebellar pathway to the contralateral VL thalamus and then back to the motor cortex to help adjust the motor command accordingly by adjusting UMN |
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of the input of the cerebrocerebellar pathway in detial |
|
Definition
| 1. inputs to the cerebrocerebellum arise from motor/sensory cortical areas; 2. synapse in the pons/pontine nuclei; 3. axons decussate in pons (transverse pontine fibers); 4. these axons project to the cerebrocerebellum via MCP; 5. |
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of the output of the cerebrocerebellar pathway in detail |
|
Definition
| 1. purkinje cells project the correction signal to the dentate nucleus; 2. dentate nucleus projects to contralateral VL nucleus of the thalamus via SCP; 3. thalamic axons project to cortex to initate/modulate UMN activity; 4. some axons project to the red nucleus and back to the olive as a feedback loop for motor learning |
|
|
Term
| what is the summary of the cerebrocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
| information from the cerebral cortex is sent to the cerebellum. This information is integrated in the cerebellar cortex. Cerebellum projects the integrated information/correction signal back to the cerebral cortex and selects and adjusts planned and skilled motor movements |
|
|
Term
| what is another term for the cerebrocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of the spinocerebellum pathway as I move my right let |
|
Definition
| 1. proprioceptive information from the limbs and trunk ascend in the spinal cord through the dorsal spinocerebellar pathway and enter the spinocerebellum through the ICP. 2. spinocerebellum uses this afferent input to assess movement. 3. spinocerebellum generates a correction signal and sends it to the interposed and/or fastigial nuclei. 4. interposed nuclei relay the correction signal via the SCP to the contralateral VL thalamus and then to the motor cortex to adjust UMN and fastigial nucleus relays the correction signal to the brainstem via the ICP to adjust UMNs |
|
|
Term
| through what pathway does the correction signal go when leaving the interposed nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where does the correction signal go when leaving the interposed nucleus |
|
Definition
| VL thalamus, then to motor cortex, then to lateral UMN pathways, then to distal musculature |
|
|
Term
| through which pathway does the correction signal go when leaving the fastigial nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to where does the correction signal go when leaving the fastigial nucleus |
|
Definition
| through ICP to brainstem to medial UMN pathways (reticulo and vestibulo) and then to axial musculature |
|
|
Term
| does the spinocerebellum only receive information through the spinocerebellum pathway |
|
Definition
| no, also through the olivocerebellar pathway |
|
|
Term
| does the interposed nucleus control distal or trunkal muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does the fastigial nucleus control distal or trunkal muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where does the spinocerebellum receive somatosensory stimuli |
|
Definition
| spinal cord (clarke's and external cuneate nuclei) via the ICP |
|
|
Term
| what does the input to the spinocerebellum from the spinal cord tell the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| provides information to the cerebellum concerning fidelity of movement |
|
|
Term
| what is the output of the spinocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
| via purkinje axons to the interposed and fastigial nuclei. Interposed axons project to the VL thalamus, then to corticosspinal UMNs to adjust distal muscles OR to red nucleus. Fastigial axons project to brainstem where UMN pathways influence distal muscles. |
|
|
Term
| what does the vestibulocerebellar pathway influence |
|
Definition
| posture, balance, eye movements |
|
|
Term
| what is the vestibulocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
| 1. sensory information concerning equilibrium and body position is conveyed to the vestibular nuclei via CN VIII. 2. this positional information is relayed to the vestibulocerebellum via the ICP. 3. the vestibulocerebellum generates a correction signal which is sent to the fastigial nucleus and vestibular nuclei. 4. fastigial output axons project via ICP to adjust the UMNs from vestibular nuceli to modulate posture/balance and extraocular muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is another term fro the vestibulocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where and through which cerebellar pathway does the vestibulocerebellar pathway receive input |
|
Definition
| from the vestibular nuclei and CN VIII via the ICP |
|
|
Term
| to where do purkinje cells in the vestibulocerebellum relay the correction signal |
|
Definition
| to the vestibular and fastigial nuclei |
|
|
Term
| to where do fastigial output axons project |
|
Definition
| through ICP to modulate UMNs in vestibular nuclei (control posture/balance/eye motions) |
|
|
Term
| studying which system has enhanced our understanding of the contribution the cerebellum makes to motor error correction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you partially cut the tendon of the left eye's lateral rectus muscle to weaken horizontal gaze in that eye AND you place a patch over the normal right eye, what is the initial effect of saccades performed by the left eye? |
|
Definition
| hypometric: undershoots the target because it is weakened |
|
|
Term
| if you partially cut the tendon of the left eye's lateral rectus muscle to weaken horizontal gaze in that eye AND you place a patch over the normal right eye, what is the effect of saccades performed by the left eye in about 5 days? |
|
Definition
| the amplitude of the left eye's saccades gradually increase until they are accurate |
|
|
Term
| if you partially cut the tendon of the left eye's lateral rectus muscle to weaken horizontal gaze in that eye AND you place a patch over the normal right eye for 5 days and THEN you remove the patch from the right eye and put it on the left eye, what is the effect of saccades performed by the right eye? |
|
Definition
| hypermetric: they overshoot |
|
|
Term
| in the lateral rectus muscle weakening/patch experiments, what is happening? |
|
Definition
| the CNS is correcting the errors made in saccades from the weak (left) eye by increasing the gain of the saccade motor system |
|
|
Term
| how is the cerebellum involved in the saccade motor system |
|
Definition
| the cerebellum sets the gain for the saccade motor system (and other motor systems) to make sure it is accurate. An intact cerebellum is required for smooth saccadic eye movements |
|
|
Term
| can folks with cerebellar disease make good saccadic eye movements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a simple reflex that keeps eyes fixed on a target while the head is moving |
|
|
Term
| what is the cerebellum's role in VOR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a visual image on the retina shifts due to head movements, the eyes move in opposite direction to head movement at the same velocity so that the retinal image remainss table |
|
|
Term
| if a subject wears minifying glasses, altering the size of the image on the retina, what is the initial effect with the VOR |
|
Definition
| when the subject turns her head, her eyes will move the same distance as the head and at the same velocity, but they will be too large to keep the image on the retina because of the minifying glasses. They will overshoot the image. |
|
|
Term
| if a subject wears minifying glasses, altering the size of the image on the retina, what is the graduale effect with the VOR |
|
Definition
| subjects learn to adjust the distance the eyes must move in response to head movements in order to get accurate eye movements. |
|
|
Term
| if a subject wears minifying glasses, altering the size of the image on the retina, what happens to the gain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if a subject wears minifying glasses, altering the size of the image on the retina, and then the subject removes the glasses, what is the effect? |
|
Definition
| the change in the gain is retained for a period of time following removal of the glasses. Your VOR will be out of register. |
|
|
Term
| where are the retained changes (after removing minimizing glasses) detected using electrophysiological recording |
|
Definition
| purkinje and deep nuclei neurons |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean that changes in VOR movements are retained? |
|
Definition
| the cerebellum is capable of motor learning and remembering. |
|
|
Term
| is the cerebellum capable of storing motor information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the significance that the cerebellum can store motor information |
|
Definition
| as we develop, our cerebellum learns the activity and is able to store the activity inside the cerebellum. It motor learns and it motor remembers |
|
|
Term
| how does cerebellar damage affect movement |
|
Definition
| patients with cerebellar damage exhibit persistent errors in movement |
|
|
Term
| list 5 signs of cerebellar dysfunction |
|
Definition
| ataxia, nystagmus, action tremors, dysdiadochokinesia, vertigo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eyes have difficulty maintaining fixation; they have involuntary, rhythmical, repeated oscillations of one or both eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over and undershooting of a target (inability to correct movements) |
|
|
Term
| what is dysdiadochokinesia |
|
Definition
| inability to perform alternating movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dizziness characterized by sensation of spinning |
|
|
Term
| how do cerebellar problems affect agonist/antagonist muscle contractions |
|
Definition
| people with cerebellar problems have trouble coordinating agonist and antagonist muscles so the timing is off. |
|
|
Term
| what will be the result if you have cerebellar disease that affects trunkal and proximal muscles that help control gait |
|
Definition
| you'll walk with an altered gait |
|
|
Term
| describe the gait of someone with cerebellar problems |
|
Definition
| jumpy, staggered; from trunkal musculature |
|
|
Term
| how is a cerebellar gait different from a stroke gait |
|
Definition
| cerebellar is less predictable and standard |
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Term
| if someone has cerebellar disease, how does their action tremor change as they get closer to their target |
|
Definition
| the closer they get to the target, the greater the amplitude of their tremor. As they get closer, they get more error. They can't filter out errors because of lesions in their cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| how to test for dysdiadochokinesia |
|
Definition
| as them to pronate/supinate their hands repeatedly and quickly. People with cerebellar disease have difficulty with this task |
|
|
Term
| what part of the cerebellum would contribute to vertigo if it was impaired |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| if the cerebellum is damaged on one side, which side of the body will exhibit movement errors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if one small area within the cerebellum is damaged, will it cause movement errors throughout the entire same side of the body? |
|
Definition
| probably not. Inputs to the cerebellum are represented topographically, so movement errors are very specific. |
|
|
Term
| what part of the cerebellum can chronic alcoholism affect |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| if someone's anterior cerebellum is damaged, what will be affected |
|
Definition
| lower limbs: results in staggering, ataxic gait. Arms not affected |
|
|
Term
| if the vermis is damaged, will you see unilateral or bilateral symptoms |
|
Definition
| bilateral, symmetrical symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| what happens if we lose part of the vestibulocerebellum |
|
Definition
| problems with posture, balance, and eye movements |
|
|
Term
| can cerebellar dysfunction cause difficulty performing planned motor skills/ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what happens if someone gets a lesion to the lateral areas of the cerebrocerebellum |
|
Definition
| cerebrocerebellum is all about planning skilled motor activities, so they get action tremors and inability to do rapid alternating movements |
|
|
Term
| what kind of problems would someone have if their vermis is damaged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of problems would someone have if they have a lesion to their paramedian |
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Definition
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