Term
| What happens when a lesion is made in the right cerebellar hemisphere? |
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Definition
| affects the right side of your body (ipsilateral effects) |
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Term
| Describe the Purkinje cell and its physiological role. |
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Definition
| Large sustained rates of firing that modulates on movement. Allows for changes to be read as increases and decreases in firing rate. |
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Term
| What is an interaction torque? |
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Definition
| Prevents your joints from moving around bys simultaneous contraction of muscles (shoulders compensate for elbow extension torque, but it relies on an internal model of your body's physical properties |
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Term
| What part of the cerebellum is affected by alcohol? |
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Definition
| The culmen (anterior superior portion of cerebellum) |
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Term
| What are the three structures that attach the cerebellum to the brainstem |
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Definition
| superior, middle and inferior peduncles |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of cerebellum that runs down the middle of the two hemispheres |
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Term
| What are the equivalent gyrus and sulcus structures called in the cerebellar cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the globos and emboliform nuclei called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the cerebellum evolve? |
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Definition
| in parallel with the cerebral cortex (gets larger as the cortex gets larger) |
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Term
| Describe the input information to the cerebellum |
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Definition
Dorsospinalcerebellar tract -> fast proprioceptive info
Ventralspinalcerebellar tract -> what the motor neurons are doing |
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Term
| What is the output peduncle of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| Superior peduncle (immediate decussation going to VA thalamus and VL thalamus and red nucleus) |
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Term
| What is the cerebellum's main function? |
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Definition
| Comparator between what is happening (proprioceptive info) and the desired movement (cerebral cortex motor commands and interneuron feedback) |
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Term
| Describe the medial peduncle organization and function |
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Definition
| interdigitated neurons from the internal capsule, cross over and innervate other cerebellar cortex. |
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Term
| What do muscamol inactivations of the medial, interposed, and lateral regions have an effect upon? |
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Definition
Medial -> can't walk, receives input from DSC tract (fastigiate nucleus)
Interposed -> ataxic, receives input from intermediate nuclei
Lateral-> hard to do fine movement, receives input from dentate nucleus |
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Term
| Describe the pathway that produces simple spikes in the cerebellar cortex. |
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Definition
| inputs from peduncles (inferior, medial mossy fibers) synapses on internal granule layer, projects up to molecular layer and bifurcates into excitatory parallel fibers. These neurons synapse on purkinje cells, and output inhibitory signals to the deep nuclei. |
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Term
| Describe the pathway that produces complex spikes in the cerebellar cortex. |
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Definition
| climbing fibers from the inferior olive ascend to the molecular layer and interface with purkinje cells like a grapevine |
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Term
| What do simple spikes encode in the cerebellar cortex? |
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Definition
| static behaviors, aka previously learned responses |
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Term
| what do complex spikes encode in the cerebellar cortex? |
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Definition
training behaviors, modifying simple spikes to produce new behaviors in response to new stimuli, recognizing gradual change. (1:1 input to output relationships)
If there is inferior olivary hypertrophy, you can't adjust throwing a ball with prism glasses on. |
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