Term
| Where does the superior cerebellar peduncle decussate? |
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Definition
| Midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculi |
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Term
| What are the main inputs to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main inputs to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main inputs to the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| From the vestibular system |
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Term
| From medial to lateral, what are the deep cerebellar nuclei? |
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Definition
| Fastigial, Globose+Emboliform, Dentate |
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Term
| Which deep cerebellar nucleus looks like the inferior olive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of the cerebellum has the dendrites of the purkinje cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of the cerebellum has the cell bodies of the purkinje cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of the cerebellum has granule cells and mossy fiber rosettes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What covers the most outer region of the tips of the purkinje dendrites? |
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Definition
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Term
| Purkinje cells use what neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only cell type to send axons out of the cerebellar cortex to the deep nuclei and brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do we find basket cells and what is their action? |
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Definition
| The best surround the purkinje cells in the purkinje layer and molecular layer- they are GABAergic inhibitory |
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Term
| Where do we find stellate cells and what is their action? |
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Definition
| They are starlike cells in the molecular layer- they are GABAergic inhibitory |
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Term
| What cells send inhibitory projections to the Purkinje cell dendrites and parallel fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the only glutamatergic/excitatory cells in the cerebellar cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the axons of the granule cells end up and what do they do? |
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Definition
They ascend to and split at the molecular layer to course parallel to the pia surface as "parallel fibers"
-They intermingle with purkinje dendrites |
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Term
| What is the main input of granular cells? |
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Definition
| Main input is to purkinje cells |
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Term
| What are golgi cells and where are they found? |
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Definition
Golgi cells inhibit granule cells, using GABA
They are found deep in the purkinje layer |
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Term
| What type of fibers are the most numerous afferent axons to the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of fibers arise from many places EXCEPT for the inferior olive, and are excitatory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mossy fibers bifurcate- what are their two separate innervations? |
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Definition
One branch to the deep nuclei
One branch to the cerebellar cortex |
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Term
| What can be found in the glial capsule? |
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Definition
The glial capsule surrounds the mossy fiber rosette
It contains the dendrites from granule cells and golgi cells |
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Term
| What happens in the glial capsule? |
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Definition
Mossy fibers activate granule cells- information coming in is relayed here
-synaptic vessicles turn on the granule cells |
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Term
| Climbing fibers arise solely from where? |
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Definition
| Inferior Olive- olivocerebellar tract |
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Term
| What do climbing fibers innervate? |
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Definition
| They innervate purkinje cells- climbing fibers are excitatory- a single purkinje cells is innervated by only one climbing fiber, though a single climbing fiber can innervate more than one purkinje cell |
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Term
| What is the big picture of climbing fibers? |
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Definition
| Big Integrators- take all the inputs from what's going on in the brain (sensory, motor) and tells the cerebellum- gives a general tone of what is going on |
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Term
| What are the two major inputs to the cerebellar cortex, and what is the major output? |
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Definition
Major inputs: mossy and climbing fibers
Major output: purkinje cells |
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Term
| Where do most of the axons leaving the cerebellar cortex end up? |
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Definition
| These are purkinje cells projecting to the deep cerebellar nuclei (some vestibular nuclei) |
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Term
| Where do most of the inputs to the inferior cerebellar peduncle come from? |
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Definition
| Vestibular nuclei, inferior olive, spinal cord (DSCT, CCT) and reticular formation |
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Term
| Where do most of the outputs from the inferior cerebellar peduncle go? |
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Definition
| Inferior olive, vestibular nuclei, reticular formation |
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Term
| Where do the inputs to the middle cerebellar peduncle come from? |
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Definition
| Basilar Pons, via pontine nuclei |
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Term
| Where do the inputs to the superior cerebellar peduncle come from? |
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Definition
| VSCT, RSCT, Trigeminal and Tectospinal tracts |
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Term
| Where do most of the outputs from the superior cerebellar peduncle end up? |
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Definition
Red nucleus (Cerebellorubral) and thalamus (Dentothalamic)
CROSSSSSSSEEEEEEDDDDDD!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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Term
| What is the main influence on the vestibulospinal tract, and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Vestibulocerebellum- takes info about head movement, makes postural corrections on motor system via vestibular nuclei |
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Term
| What lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the vestibulocerebellum pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the spinocerebellar tracts project into (what part of the cerebellum)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the spinocerebellum do? |
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Definition
It deals with stuff going on RIGHT NOW
Making corrections on the fly for limb movements |
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Term
| If you have a lesion in the right cerebellum, what side of the body is effected and why? |
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Definition
R-lesion= R-sided problems
The cerebellar pathways are DOUBLCROSSED |
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Term
| What are the two places where the cerebellar pathways cross? |
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Definition
| Once when the superior cerebellar peduncle decussates going to the cortex, and once when both the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts decussate in the brainstem |
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Term
| What does the cerebrocerebellum do? |
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Definition
| It deals with things that are going to happen in the near future- main input comes from the cortex- it helps lay plans together- the cerebellum makes corrections |
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Term
| What happens in VESTIBULOcerebellar injury? |
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Definition
Truncal ataxia (falling to side of lesion)
Nystagmus- |
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Term
| What type of damage does nystagmus indicate? |
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Definition
| Damage to the flocculonodular lobe, vestibular nuclei, or inner ear |
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Term
| What happens in spinocerebellar or cerebrocerebellar injury? |
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Definition
Affect most precise movements of extremities
Asynergy, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, decomposition, hypotonia, pendular patellar tendon reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of coordination- loss of movement or speed |
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Term
| What is dysdiadochokinesia? |
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Definition
| Cannot perform rapid alternating movements (like supination/pronation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Undershooting or overshooting the target- unable to judge distance or scale |
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Term
| What is the pendular patellar tendon reflex? |
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Definition
| When you tap the tendon, the leg sways back and forth- there is a lack of proper muscle tone in the hamstrings to control this movement |
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