Term
| what are the functions of the cerebellum |
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Definition
| regulate and modify motor performance. Participate in motor learning |
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|
Term
| what are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum |
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Definition
| vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum |
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|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum is the vestibulocerebellum? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum is the spinocerebellum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the cerebellum is the cerebrocerebellum |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| pathways with projections to/from the cerebellum |
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|
Term
| what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles |
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Definition
| superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles |
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Term
| what are the functions of the vestibulocerebellum |
|
Definition
| conncetions with vestibular system, eye movements. Important for keeping us upright |
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Term
| what is another name for vestibulocerebellum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the deep cerebellar nuclei |
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Definition
| in the cerebellar hemispheres |
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|
Term
| what are the names of the deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial |
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Definition
| dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial |
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|
Term
| what projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the 3 sources of input to the cerebellum |
|
Definition
| periphery, brainstem, cerebral cortex |
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|
Term
| where do mossy fibers originate |
|
Definition
| brainstem nuclei and spinal cord |
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|
Term
| where do climbing fibers originate |
|
Definition
| inferior olive in medulla |
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|
Term
| what do mossy fibers and climbing fibers synapse on? |
|
Definition
| purkinje cells AND deep cerebellar nuclei |
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|
Term
| are climbing fibers excitatory or inhibitory? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| are mossy fibers excitatory or inhibitory? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the main path of the excitation of the deep nuclei |
|
Definition
| mossy fibers and climbing fiber inputs come in and synapse directly on the deep nuclei as well as the cerebellar cortex, then back again to seep cerebellar nuceli. Deep nuclei are the ones that vei output |
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Term
|
Definition
| most medial part of the cerebellum |
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|
Term
| what deep nucleus does the vermis project to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the intermediate zone of the cerebellar hemisphere project to |
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Definition
| globose/emboliform nuclei |
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|
Term
| what does the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemisphere project to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| to what nuclei does the vestibulocerebellum project |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the medial descending tracts |
|
Definition
| vestibulospinal, reticulospinal |
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|
Term
| what are the lateral descending tracts |
|
Definition
| corticospinal, rubrospinal |
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|
Term
| what is the pathway from the vermis? |
|
Definition
| fastigial nucleus to medial descending pathways (vestibulospinal and reticulospinal) to influence axial and proximal muscles |
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|
Term
| what is the pathway from the intermediate hemisphere? |
|
Definition
| to emboliform and globose to lateral pathways (corticospinal and rubrospinal) to control distal muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathway from the lateral part of the hemisphere (cerebrocerebellum) |
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Definition
| lateral part of the cerebellum projects onto the dentate nucleus. From dentate, goes back up to motor and premotor cortices through the thalamus, making it important for motor planning. |
|
|
Term
| what is the ongoing function of the spinocerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of cerebrocerebellum? |
|
Definition
| movement planning and initiation; motor learning |
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|
Term
| what will you see if someone has lesions of vestibulocerebellum |
|
Definition
| inability to st or standwithout swaying. Abnormalities of head and eye movements (nystagmus) |
|
|
Term
| what do you seee with lesions of spinocerebelum |
|
Definition
| unsteady walking, staggering |
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|
Term
| what do you see with lesions of the cerebrocerebellum |
|
Definition
| irregular movement of the limbs, loss of muscle corodination, difficulty initiateing movement, decomposition of movement |
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|
Term
| what is the purpose of input to the cerebellum from cerebral cortex |
|
Definition
| initiation and planning of movement |
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|
Term
| how does motor information from cerebral cortex get to cerebellum |
|
Definition
| cerebral cortex - pons - mossy fibers |
|
|
Term
| from where does the cerebellum get sensory information such as proprioception and vestibular info |
|
Definition
| inferior olive, spinal cord, vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| how does sensory info get from inferior olive to cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does sensory info get from spinal cord or vestibular nuclei to cerebellum |
|
Definition
| through pons then up through mossy fibers |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of purkinje cells |
|
Definition
| compares intended movement to actual movement |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of deep nuclei |
|
Definition
| allows cerebellum to reduce motor errors |
|
|
Term
| how do mossy fibers get to purkinje cells |
|
Definition
| granule fibers to excitatory parallel fibers to purkinje cells |
|
|
Term
| are purkinje cells excitatory or inhibitory to the deep nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do rubrospinal neurons originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do reticulospinal neurons originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do vestibulospinal neurons originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do corticopsinal neurons originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does information that goes to spinocerebellum initially come from s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the cerebrocerebellum |
|
Definition
| motor planning and initiation. Motor learning |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the spinocerebellum |
|
Definition
| ongoing execution of limb movement. Regulation of muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral part of the spinocerebellum called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the path of information from the paramedium |
|
Definition
| to emboliform and globose to lateral pathways (corticospinal and rubrospinal) to control distal muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathway of the vermis |
|
Definition
| to fastigial to medial pathways (reticulospinal and vestibulospinal) to control proximal and axial muscles |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 cerebellar pathways? |
|
Definition
| cerebrocerebellar, spinocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar |
|
|
Term
| which cerebellar pathway's function is motor planning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is sent to the cerebellum through the cerebrocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
| a "copy" of motor command |
|
|
Term
| what does the cerebrocerebellar pathway do with the copy of the motor command? |
|
Definition
| compares info of motor command with info from climbing fibers |
|
|
Term
| after comparing commanded movement to actual movement, what happens from the cerebrocerebellar pathway? |
|
Definition
| the dentate sends a correction signal back to the motor cortex to modify movement |
|
|
Term
| which cerebellar pathway's function is motor execution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what input comes into spinocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
| proprioceptive input from dorsal spinocerebellar pathway |
|
|
Term
| what happens with proprioceptiveinput from dorsal spinocerebellar pathway |
|
Definition
| fidelity of movement assessed; correction signal sent to deep nuclei |
|
|
Term
| where does input come from that goes to vestibulocerebellar pathway? |
|
Definition
| semicircular canals and otolith organs |
|
|
Term
| what motor impairments are likely to occur if the vestibulocerebellum is damaged |
|
Definition
| eye movement and body equilibrium |
|
|
Term
| what motor impairments are likely to occur if the spinocerebellum is damaged |
|
Definition
| execution of limb movement, regulation of muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| what motor impairments are likely to occur if the cerebrocerebellum is damaged |
|
Definition
| movement planning and initiation. |
|
|
Term
| for the following questions, list which part of the cerebellum is damaged based on the motor impariment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| truncal ataxia = inability to stand or sit without swaying or falling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gait ataxia = unsteady walking, staggering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| limb ataxia = irregular movement of limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asynergia or dyssynergia = loss of muscle coordination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difficulty initiating movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decomposition of movement = disorder in temporal coordination of movement involoving multiple joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disorders in spatial coordination of hand and finger muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what motor impairments are most likely to result from more generalized cerebellar disease |
|
Definition
| hypotonia, generalized weakness, dysmetria, disturbances in posture and balance, gait ataxia, movement decomposition, dysdiadochokinesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passively move limbs and assess resistance. Palpate muscles. Look for difficulty holding onto things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strengthen. PNF for co-contraction. Approximation through joint |
|
|
Term
| how to test for generalized weakness |
|
Definition
| MMT. Repeated submaximal muscle contractions such as 20 heel raises. Shoulder flexion: how long can patient hold without drifting. |
|
|
Term
| how to treat generalized weakness |
|
Definition
| strength and endurance exercises |
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|
Term
| how to test for disturbances of posture and balance |
|
Definition
| difficulties with APR (hypermetria). APA is poorly timed or absent. Postural tremors. |
|
|
Term
| how to treat for postural tremors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to treat for disturbances in posture and balacne |
|
Definition
| put them in challenging situations for balance training. Lots of practice. |
|
|
Term
| how to test for dysmetria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PNF, strategies to slow movement, practice foot placement on targets |
|
|
Term
| how to assess gait ataxia |
|
Definition
| dual task: talking, head turns; turns; tandem walking; walk on heels/toes; march in place |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PNF. Walk between taped lines to encourage narrowed BOS. Stepping to target - can require crossing feet over. Obstacle course. Quadruped. Tall kneeling - add weightshift, chopping, to half kneeling. Weight shift fwd/bkwd. |
|
|
Term
| what will you see if someone has movement decomposition |
|
Definition
| pt will move one joint at a time, not smooth. |
|
|
Term
| how to treat decomposition |
|
Definition
| intervention maynot be necessary if it works for the pt. |
|
|
Term
| how to assess dysdiadochokinesia |
|
Definition
| rapid alternating movements |
|
|
Term
| how to treat dysdiadochokinesia |
|
Definition
| treat only if it affects functional tasks |
|
|
Term
| what can cause cerebellar troubles? |
|
Definition
| stroke, TBI, tumor, hypoplasia, inflammation, friedrich's ataxia (genetic), toxic disease |
|
|
Term
| how does chronic alcohol abuse affect cerebellum |
|
Definition
| affects anterior lobe. Affects medial musculature, leading to ataxia |
|
|
Term
| what does hypoplasia mean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the pros of using weights for treatment of cerebellar disorders |
|
Definition
| increases proprioception. |
|
|
Term
| when to use weights for proprioception |
|
Definition
| only if planning to continue to use the weight |
|
|
Term
| what is a con of using weights for cerebellar treatment |
|
Definition
| can make impairments worse once weight is removed |
|
|
Term
| what are frenkel's exercises |
|
Definition
| exercises for ataxia to help compensate for the inability to tell where arms and legs are in space without looking |
|
|
Term
| what are pros of using frenkel exercises for cerebellar problems |
|
Definition
| emphasis on concentration, repeitition, and consistency of performance. Progression of difficulty. Vision used to compensate for proprioceptive loss in guiding movement |
|
|
Term
| what are the cons of using frenkel exercises for cerebellar problems |
|
Definition
| the initial exercises are not very functional. It takes a lot of practice to progress. You'll waste a lot of time on the early non-functional exercises. |
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