Term
|
Definition
Anti-gravity (VOR)
Centering (saccades/vergence/magno)
Identification (fixations/pursuits/acc./parvo)
Speech Language (left hemisphere) |
|
|
Term
| 5 parts of the cerebellum discussed in class |
|
Definition
Dorsal Vermis
Fastigial Nucleus
Flocculus
Paraflocculus
Peduncles |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the cerebellum is responsible for opsoclonus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inferior peduncle talks to the ________- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expected presentation of Floccululs & Paraflocculus lesions |
|
Definition
Impairment of:
fixation (nystagmus)
Smooth pursuit
VOR |
|
|
Term
| Which types of nystagmus may manifest in Flocculus & Paraflocculus lesions? |
|
Definition
Gaze-evoked
Downbeat
Rebound |
|
|
Term
| What type of nystagmus stems for Nodulus/Uvula Lesions (in the dark) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Broken Nodulus means a broken ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of nystagmus in primary position due to lesion of nodulus/uvula |
|
Definition
| Downbeat in primary position (PAN in dark) |
|
|
Term
| How is VOR affected by lesion of the nodulus/uvula |
|
Definition
| Increased duration of vestibular response |
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestations of dorsal vermis lesion |
|
Definition
Ipsilesional hypometric saccades
Contralesional hypermetric saccades
Eso deviation
longer pursuit latency |
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestations of fastigial nucleus lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 places in the brain that can 'cause' lateropulsion |
|
Definition
Dorsal Medullary
Cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| Vascular Cerebellar Infarctions occur in which 3 arteries |
|
Definition
Superior Cerebellar
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most common type of cerebellar stroke |
|
Definition
| Superior Cerebellar Artery Infarction |
|
|
Term
| Which vessel supplies the lateral medula, inferior cerebellar peduncles, nodulus & uvula |
|
Definition
| Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery |
|
|
Term
| Which vascular cerebellar infarct is most commonly misdiagnosed as lateral medullary syndrome |
|
Definition
| Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (most uncommon) |
|
|
Term
| Superior Cerebellar ArterySyndrome cause saccadic ipsipulsion or contrapulsion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for hypermetric contralesional saccades and hypometric ipsilesional saccades |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome causes ipsilateral or contralateral ataxia of gait and limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cerebellar artery syndrome causes isolated vertigo and nystagmus and thus is often misdiagnosed as inner ear disease |
|
Definition
| Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Which cerebellar artery syndrome is associated with Bell's palsy and Hearing loss |
|
Definition
| Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery syndrome |
|
|
Term
| 4 Unique Characteristics of Anterior Inferior CerebellarArtery Syndrome |
|
Definition
Gaze-evoked Nystagmus
Horizontal Gaze Palsy (6th nerve)
Ipsilateral facial motor palsy (7th nerve)
Deafness (8th nerve) |
|
|
Term
| 3 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cerebellum discussed in class |
|
Definition
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Walker-Warburg Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Which type of Arnold Chiair has adult onset and symptoms are positional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Arnold Chiari Type I |
|
Definition
Regular headaches
Dizziness & Vertigo |
|
|
Term
| Which type of Arnold Chiari has childhood onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for cerebellar herniation outside the skull cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which congenital cerebellar syndrome is due to an enlarged 4th ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dandy-Walker Malformation results in an absence of which neural structures |
|
Definition
Corpus collosum
Cerebellar vermis |
|
|
Term
| Eye movement abnormalities in Dandy-Walker |
|
Definition
Mild saccadic dysmetria
Nystagmus
Strabismus |
|
|
Term
| Walker-Warburg Syndrome is accompanied by which systemic disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life expectancy of Walker-Warburg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ocular sign (posterior pole) occurs in 100% of patients with Walker-Warburg? |
|
Definition
| Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous |
|
|
Term
| Posterior PHPV may resemble what form of retinopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 ocular manifestations of Walker-Warburg |
|
Definition
Retinal Dysplasia
Microphthalmia
Coloboma |
|
|
Term
| Which are the types of oculomotor ataxia that are triggered by neurological stress? |
|
Definition
Episodic Ataxias
Benign Recurrent Vertigo |
|
|
Term
| 50% of patients with Episodic Ataxia Type I respond to this drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Type II
Which has an earlier age of onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which has the latest age of onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which has a female predominance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which has the shortest duration of attacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which does not have stress as a trigger |
|
Definition
| None, all are triggered by stress |
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which can be triggered by sleep deprivation and hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which more commonly occurs with migraines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which has the most oculomotor manifestations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which is least responsive to Acetazolamide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Episodic Ataxia Type I vs Episodic Ataxia Type II vs. Benign Recurrent Vertigo
Which is most responsive to Acetazolamide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the types of SCA are autosomal dominant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Saccades seen in SCA1 |
|
Definition
| hypermetric, slow saccades |
|
|
Term
| Which form of SCA has the longest lifespan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 2 forms of SCA are associated with Pigment Maculopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 3 forms of SCA are associated with a geographical location |
|
Definition
SCA2-Cuba
SCA3 Portugal
SCA6 Germany |
|
|
Term
| Which form of SCA is associated with downbeat nystagmus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Friedrichs
Vitamin E deficiency
SCA with Saccadic Intrusions |
|
|
Term
| 2 systemic conditions that may accompany Friedrich's Ataxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common recessive ataxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eye movement abnormalities in Friedreichs Ataxia |
|
Definition
| Square wave jerks, decreased VOR gain |
|
|
Term
| Ocular abnormalities in Vitamin E Deficiency Ataxia |
|
Definition
| INO and slow saccades lead to ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
Term
| Low cholesterol can cause which of the ataxias |
|
Definition
| Vitamin E Deficiency Ataxia |
|
|
Term
| Do ocular motor apraxias affect voluntary or reflexive eye movements |
|
Definition
| Generally the voluntary are affected |
|
|
Term
| 4 forms of Congenital Ocular Motor Apraxia |
|
Definition
Cogan OM Apraxia
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Ataxia Oculomotor Apraxia
Joubert |
|
|
Term
| How do patients with Cogans OM Apraxia initiate their eye movements |
|
Definition
| They must use the reflexive eye movements-so they use head thrusts |
|
|
Term
| Which congenital OM Apraxia is accompanied by difficulty speaking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Apraxia-Telangiectasia
Compare the response to rapid head impulses vs. head translation |
|
Definition
| Good response to impulses, poor response to translation |
|
|
Term
| Which congential OM Apraxia is characertized by high cholesterol, low serum proteins and mental impairment |
|
Definition
| Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type I |
|
|
Term
| What causes Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia type I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Friedriech's Ataxia differentially diagnosed from Ataxia-Oculomotor Apraxia type I |
|
Definition
| Freidreich's does NOT have oculomotor apraxia |
|
|
Term
| How may bloodwork differ between the 2 types of Ataxia-Oculomotor Apraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which specific part of the cerebellum atrophies in Ataxia-Oculomotor Apraxia 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which substance, when used during pregnancy, can cause Dandy-Walker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Joubert syndrome is caused by the absence or underdevelopment of which neural structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about Joubert syndrome among the other oculomotor apraxias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sign on MRI is indicative of Joubert |
|
Definition
| Molar Tooth sign (elongated superior cerebellar peduncles) |
|
|
Term
| Eye Movement Abnormalities in Joubert's Syndrome |
|
Definition
Strabismus
Pendular/Seesaw Nystagmus
Alternating Skew Deviation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Facial Dysmorphology
Growth Deficiency
CNS Dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Characteristic features of the ear in FASD |
|
Definition
| Railroad Track Ear and Hockey Stick Crease |
|
|
Term
| FASD involves the hippocampus, how does this affect their behaviour |
|
Definition
| Attention and memory deficits |
|
|
Term
| FASD involves the corpus callosum, how does this affect their behaviour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epicanthanl Folds
Smooth Philtrum
Thin Upper Lid |
|
|
Term
| Ocular Characteristics of FASD |
|
Definition
Microcornea
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Strabisumus/Amblyopia
Congenital Cataracts |
|
|
Term
| How does FASD affect saccades |
|
Definition
| Saccadic dysfunction by increased latency |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 areas in the frontal lobe that contribute to eye movements |
|
Definition
Frontal Eye Fields
Supplementary Eye Fields
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex |
|
|
Term
| How do frontal eye field lesions affect saccades |
|
Definition
Increased latency
Hypometria of saccades to contralateral side
Impaired suppression of saccades |
|
|
Term
| How do frontal eye field lesions affect pursuits |
|
Definition
| Impaired for targets moving towards side of lesion |
|
|
Term
| Defects in which 2 parts of the frontal lobe affects Memory guided saccades |
|
Definition
| Supplementary Eye fields and Prefrontal Cortex |
|
|
Term
The Triad
Oculomotor Ataxia
Oculomotor Apraxia
simultagnosia
describes which syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of lesion that causes Balint Syndrome |
|
Definition
| Bilateral Parietal lobe lesion |
|
|
Term
| Visually guided saccades in unilateral parietal lobe lesion vs. bilateral |
|
Definition
Unilateral-increased latency
Bilateral-Increased latency and decreased accuracy |
|
|
Term
| Visual inattention in unilateral parietal lobe lesion vs. bilateral |
|
Definition
Unilateral= Contralesional inattention
Peripheral= Peripheral inattention, aka Simultagnosia |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal eye movements due to lesion in primary visual cortex |
|
Definition
| Unable to generate saccades or pursuits to stimuli in blind hemifield |
|
|
Term
| Saccade abnormalities in Huntington's |
|
Definition
difficulty initiating (apraxia)
difficulty suppressing antisaccades
Slow saccades |
|
|
Term
| Lesion of dorsal vermis leads to _____deviation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesion of NRTP leads to impaired _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesion of fastigial oculomotor region leads to ______deviation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eye Movement abnormalities in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata |
|
Definition
| saccadic instrusios directed to contralateral side of lesion |
|
|
Term
| Blepharospasm is known to accompany which congenital condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tourette Syndrome Treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saccades in Early Parkinsons |
|
Definition
| Hypometric (esp upward) but with normal velocity |
|
|
Term
| Saccades in Advanced Parkinsons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast saccades in Early Parkinsons vs. PSP |
|
Definition
Parkinsons-hypometric in upward saccades with normal velocity
PSP-slow downward saccades with full range of motion |
|
|
Term
| Which of the Duane White Diagnoses is common in Parkinson's Disease |
|
Definition
| Convergence Insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| 3 pharmacological treatments for Parkinsons |
|
Definition
Levodopa/Carbidopa
MAOI-type B (Selegiline)
Anticholinergics |
|
|
Term
| Surgery options for Parkinson's disease |
|
Definition
Thalamotomy
Thalamic Deep brain stimulation
Pallidotomy/pallidal stimulation
Subthalamotomy
Transplant of dopamine-producing cells |
|
|
Term
Parkinson vs. PSP
which has the clinical feature of resting tremor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Parkinson vs. PSP
Which has the clinical feature of subcortical dementia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Parkinson vs. PSP
One especially affects upward saccades and the other downward saccades, which is which |
|
Definition
PD-hypometric saccades, esp upward
PSP-slow vertical saccades, esp. downward |
|
|
Term
| Distinctive eye movement abnormalities in Lewy Body Dementia |
|
Definition
|
|
