Term
| What is the study of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is surgery involving the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the study of the biological function of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the study of the structure of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Based on anatomical components, what division of th nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord? |
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Definition
Central Nervous System
(CNS) |
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Term
| Based on anatomical components, what division of the nervous system is made up of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia? |
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Definition
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerves that extend from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerves that extend from the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of neuron cell bodies out side the CNS |
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Term
| What are the three general functions of the CNS and PNS? |
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Definition
Collecting Information
Processing and Evaluating Information
Responding to Information |
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Term
| List the two subdivisions of the sensory division of the nervous system. |
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Definition
Somatic Sensory
Visceral Sensory |
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Term
| What subdivision of the sensory division of the sensory division of the nervous system deals with stretch and temperature from blood vessels and internal organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the motor division of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| To transmit motor impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands |
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Term
| List the two subdivisions of the motor division of the nervous system. |
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Definition
Somatic Motor System
Visceral Motor system (Autonomic) |
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Term
| What subdivision of the motor division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What subivision the the motor division is involuntary and controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the two cell types of the nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell initiates and transmits impulses within the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cells spport and protect neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a neuron holds the nucleus and is the control center of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cable-like bundle of paralles axons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a functional connection for the transmission of impulses from a neuron to a second cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whaen does the nervous system begin to develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| From wich germ layer does the nervous system develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the thickended portion of tissue over the notochord calles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process in which structures of the nervous system are formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the development of the nervous system, what longitudinal indentation formes from the neural plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the development of the nervous system, what hollow structure is formed as the neural folds meet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the average range of weight of the human brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the average volume of the human brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many neurons make up the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue within the CNS houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue within the CNS houses myelinated axons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the superficial sheet of gray matter covering most of the adult brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the interior of the brain, what are clusters of gray matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Collectively, what are the three connective tissue layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium, enclose and protect blood vessels that supply the brain, and contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Surrounding the CNS, what is the external, tough, dense irregular connective tissue layer composed of two fibrous layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two layers of the dura mater? |
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Definition
Periosteal Layer
Menigeal Layer |
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Term
| What spaces are formed when the two layers of the dura mater separate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What potential space lies between the dura and the cranium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What potential space lies between the dura and the arachnoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which meninx is deep to and in contact with the dura? |
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Definition
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Term
| What real space lies just deep to the arachnoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What meninx is the deepest and , unlike the others, follows the contours of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Collectively, what are the four extensions of the dura mater that extend as flat partitions into the cranial cavity to provide addtional stabilization and support for the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cavities within the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clear, colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachniod space? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Definition
Boyancy
Protection
Environmental Stability |
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Term
| Withing the ventricles of the brain, what stuctues form CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
| About how much CSF is formed every day? |
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Definition
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Term
| About how much CSF is within the CNS at any given time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures reabsorb CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*Produced by choroid plexus in the Lateral Ventricles
*Flows from Lteral Ventricles through interventricular foramina into 3rd ventricle
*More is formed in the 3rd ventricle and flows through the mensencephalic aqueduct into the 4th ventricle
*Flows into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle or into the central canal of the spinal cord
*Travels through the subarachnoid space
*Reabsorbed into the blood through arachnoid villi in the dural venous sinuses |
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Term
| What is the funtion of the blood-brain barrier? |
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Definition
| Regulates what substances enter the interstitial fluid of the brain |
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Term
| What are the functions of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
Consious thought process
Origin of all complex intellectual functions |
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Term
| What is the outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the elevated ridges on the surface of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the shallow depressions on the surface of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the deep grooves of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two halves of the Cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What deep groove separates the two halves of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What large tract of white matter connects the two halves of the cerebrum and is the main method of communication between them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three important points with respect to the cerebral hemispheres? |
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Definition
It is difficult to assign a precise function to a specific region
Hemisphers recieve information and sends motor commands to and from the opposite side of the body
Hemispheres display functional differences (lateralization) |
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Term
| How many lobes lie within a cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most anterior of the cerebral lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the anatomical borders of the most anterior of the cerebral lobes? |
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Definition
Central Sulcus
Lateral Sulcus |
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Term
| What important anatomical feature of the frontal lobe lies immediately anterior to the central sulcus and is responsible for primary motor function? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the primarty functions of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. |
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Definition
Voluntary Motor Functions
Concentration
Verbal Communications
Descision Making
Planning
Personality |
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Term
| What lobe of the cerebrum forms the superoposterior part of each cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What importan anatomical feature lies immediatly posterior to the central sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the Parietal lobe? |
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Definition
| General senory functions such as evaluating the shape and texture of objects being touched |
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Term
| What lobe of the cerebrum lies inferior to the lateral sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the temporal lobe? |
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Definition
Hearing
Interprting Speech and Language
Smell |
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Term
| What lobe of the cerebrum forms the most posterior region of each cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the occipital lobe? |
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Definition
Visual Processing
Visual Memories |
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Term
| What small, deep lobe of each cerebral hemisphere lies deep to the lateral sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the apparent functions of the Insula? |
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Definition
Memory
Interpretation of Taste |
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Term
| The pimary motor cortex is located within what structure of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the primary motor cortex? |
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Definition
| Control Voluntary Skeletal Muscle Activity |
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Term
| The motor speech area is located within what region of the brain? |
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Definition
| Inforlateral Portion of the Left Frontal Lobe |
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Term
| What is the function of the motor speech area? |
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Definition
| Regulating patterns of breathing and controlling the muscual movements necessary for vocalization |
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Term
| Where does the primary somatosensory cortex lie? |
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Definition
| Post central Gyrus of the Parietal Lobe |
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Term
| What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex? |
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Definition
| Receiving information on touch, pressure, pain, and temperature |
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Term
| Where does the primary visual cortex occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the primary visual cortex? |
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Definition
| Receive and process visual information |
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Term
| Where does the primary auditory cortex occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the primary auditory cortex? |
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Definition
| Receive and process auditory information |
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Term
| Where does the gustatory cortex occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the gustatory cortex? |
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Definition
| Processing of taste information |
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Term
| Where does the olfactory cortex occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the olfactory cortex? |
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Definition
| Provide conscious awareness of smell |
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Term
| What is the function of association areas within the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Process and interpret incoming data or coorinate a motor response |
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Term
| What are bundles of myelinated axons that lie deep to the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are paired,irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of cerebral hemispheres inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brain is composed of the epithalamus, right and left thalami, and the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalons and covers the third ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the paired structures on either side of the third ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the thatlamus? |
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Definition
To act as the principal and final relay point for sensory information that will be processed and projected to the primary sensory cortex
To filter sensory infromation so that only a small portion o it goes to the cerebrum
To inform the cerebrum as to where the sensory information is coming from |
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Term
| What part of the brain lies inferior to the thalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure attaches the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
Master control of the ANS
Master control of the endocrine system
Regulation of body temperature
Control of emotional behavior
Control of food intake
Control of water intake
Regulation of sleep-wake (circadian) rhythms |
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Term
| What three regions form the brainstem? |
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Definition
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata |
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Term
| What is a synonym for mesencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the midbrain, what are the motor tracts located on the anterolateral surfaces? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the midbrain, what is the the "Body of Four Twins"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the "visual reflex centers" of the midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the "auditory reflex centers" of the midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bulging region on the anterior part of the brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most inferior part of the brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second largest part of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ar the right and left halves of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What worm-like stucture of the cerebellum lies betwen the two cerebellar hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
Coordinates and "fine-tunes" skeletal muscle movement
Maintains equilibrium and posture |
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Term
| What thick tracts connectthe cerebellum to the brainstem? |
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Definition
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