Term
| Why do cells need energy? |
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Definition
Mitosis(cell division)
repairing damaged cells+ tissues
cellular functions-muscle movement, nerve cells(send signals), pancreas(produce/release enzymes)
Produce heat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What goes out of cell resp? |
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Definition
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Energy |
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Term
Cell Respiration
-chemical reaction |
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Definition
| 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
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Term
| Energy output is quite ______? |
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Definition
Large
(Way more than a cell would need for only one task) |
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Term
| Where is the energy released stored? |
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Definition
| In the small chemical packets called ATP |
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Term
| How is energy stored and replaced? |
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Definition
We say that when O2 and C6H12O6 smash together they break apart releasing energy--> not exactly true!
When bonds break-->Energy is required
When bonds form--> Energy is released
Different bonds use different amounts of energy
*When bonds break they go on their own, making them connect with other (CO2/H2O) making energy
*Banging them together makes them contract energy, pulling them back, forms energy |
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Term
| 4 major stages of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
Glycolysis-Cytoplasm
Pyruvate Oxidation- Mitochondrion
Kreb's Cycle-Mitochondrion matrix
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)- Cristae |
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Term
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Definition
Products------------------>Destination
2 pyruvic acid------------->P.O.
4ATP- USED 2ATP=2ATP---->Cell Activities
2 NADH2---------------->E.T.C. |
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Term
| Is cell respiration exothermic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Summary of Pyruvate Oxidation? |
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Definition
Products------>Destination
2 Acetyl COA----->Kreb's cycle
2 CO2----->Waste then exhaled
2 NADH2---->ETC
-2 ATP-----> Nothing |
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Term
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Definition
6 NADH2----->ETC
2 FADH2----->ETC
2 ATP-------->Cell Activities
4CO2--------> Waste then exhaled |
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Term
| Where is the ETC located? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chain of proteins that act as a series of shuttles cristae end pumps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pumps hydrogen ions from the matrix to the inter membrane space in order to create a concentration gradient |
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Term
| How many ATP are created from ETC? |
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Definition
*1 ATP per 2H+ that run through ATP synthase
1 NADH2 will make 3 ATP
10 NADH2 will create 30 ATP
*1 FADH2 can create 2 ATP
2 FADH2 can create 3 ATP |
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Term
| Total ATP from cell respiration |
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Definition
glycolysis: 2 ATP
P.O. : -2 ATP
Kreb's: 2 ATP
ETC: 34 ATP
=36 ATP from 1 glucose |
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Term
How efficient is cell respiration?
How much of the energy is wasted? |
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Definition
Make 36 ATP / in theory 95 ATP = 38& efficiency
62% of the energy is wasted |
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Term
| What is anaerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| It involves the production of small amounts of ATP in the absence of O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| No O2-> e- will back up in the ETC-> no pumps ->no chemiosmotic gradient-> no ATP from ETC->in addition->if ETC is backed up->NADH2 builds up-> no free NAD-> Kreb's, P.O. and glycolysis stop!->Death! |
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Term
| Anaerobic Respiration(fermentation) |
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Definition
| In order to stay alive in the short term we have evolved a mechanism to generate 2 ATP by allowing glycolysis to continue |
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Term
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Definition
Produces 2 ATP by allowing glycolysis to continue
*must free up NAD
*get rid of the building up pyruvate(poisonous) |
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Term
| Organsims can do 1 of ____ types of fermentation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most organisms, including humans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lactic Acid Fermentation is used by ____ when _____ |
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Definition
Aerobic when no O2 is available
(Allows glycolysis to proceed and make @ ATPn for every glucose used -> short term only |
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Term
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Definition
Less poisonous
causes stinging, burning, cramping |
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