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| List the three steps of cellular respiration and their respective cellular locations. |
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Definition
Glycolysis:
The Citric Acid Cycle:
Oxidative Phosphorylation: |
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What are the NET energetic molecules produced by one molecule of glucose at each step of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
Glycolysis: 2 ATP 2 NADH
Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP 6 NADH 2FADH2
Oxi Phos: 28 ATP |
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Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
[image]
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Glycolysis: Step 1
Name the reactants, products and enzyme
Number of carbons, phosphates and location |
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Definition
Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP
Hexokinase
6C, 0P → 6C, 1P
[image]
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Glucose 6-phosphate → Fructose 6-phosphate
Phosphogluco-isomerase
6C, 1P → 6C, 1P
[image] |
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Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Phospho-fructokinase
6C, 1P → 6C, 2P
[image] |
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Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Aldolase
6C, 2P → 3C, 1P
[image] |
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ↔ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Isomerase
3C, 1P ↔ 3C, 1P
[image]
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(2)Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 2NAD+ + 2Pi →
(2)1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate + 2NADH
Triose phosphate dehydrogenase
3C,1P → 3C, 2P
[image] |
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Definition
(2)1,3-Bisphospho glycerate + 2ADP → (2)3-Phosphoglycerate + 2ATP
Phospho-glycero-kinase
3C, 2P → 3C, 1P
[image]
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(2)3-Phosphoglycerate → (2)2-Phosphoglycerate
Phospho-glycero-mutase
3C, 1P → 3C, 1P
[image] |
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Definition
(2)2-Phosphoglycerate → (2)Phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) + 2H2O
Enolase
3C, 1P → 3C, 1P
[image] |
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Definition
2 PEP + 2 ADP → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP
Pyruvate Kinase
3C, 1P → 3C, 0P
[image] |
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Steps 1 through 5
Glucose → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ↔ Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate |
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Steps 6 through 10
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate → Pyruvate |
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2Pyruvate oxidized by multienzyme complex which catalyzes 3 rxns
1) CO2
2) NAD+ > NADH + H+
3) Coenzyme A
> Acetyl CoA |
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 1 |
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Definition
Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate → Coa-SH + Citrate
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 2 |
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Definition
Citrate → Isocitrate
H2O pops off and back on |
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 3 |
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Definition
Isocitrate + NAD+ → α-Ketogluterate + CO2 + NADH + H+ |
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 4 |
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Definition
α-Ketogluterate + NAD+ + CoA-SH →
SuccinylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ |
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 5 |
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Definition
SuccinylCoA → CoA-SH + ATP + Succinate |
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 6 |
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Definition
Succinate + FAD+ → Fumarat + FADH2 |
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 7 |
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Definition
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The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 8 |
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Definition
Malat + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH |
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Term
| The electron transport chain |
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Definition
| Harvests energy from NADH and FADH2 to create ATP. Electron is passed down the chain to O2 which forms water. Located in the mitochondrial matrix, pumps H+ ions into inner membrane space. |
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| The protein complex responsible for chemiosmosis; powered by diffusion of H+ ions diffusing down their concentration gradient; creates ~32ATP |
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| What portions of cellular respiration would cease in the absence of oxygen. Why? |
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Definition
| the ETC, chemiosmosis and the Citric acid cycle |
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| Organism which doesn't require oxygen |
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| Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in 2 steps. The first releases CO2 |
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| Pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product. No CO2 is released. |
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| What is the overall purpose of fermentation? |
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Definition
| To generate ATP without the use of oxygen. |
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Definition
| Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen |
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Definition
| Can survive using fermentation or cellular respiration |
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| Other input molecules than glucose that are catabolized by the cell |
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Definition
| Glycerol fatty acids and amino acids can enter cell respiration at later steps to be broken down into ATP. |
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Definition
| The body uses small molecules from food, glycolysis or the citric acid cycle to build other substances |
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