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| An exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to ATP |
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| C6 + H12 + O6 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP |
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| Number of energy per day that an average human adult needs |
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Shuttles electrons
Reduced when accepts electron, oxidized when gives them up |
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It's Stage 1.\Begins respiration by breaking glucose, a 6 carbon molecule, into two molecules of a three carbon compound called pyruvate
Happens in Cytoplasm |
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| Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) |
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Definition
Stage 2.
Breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and supplies the 3rd stage with electrons.
Happens in mitochondria |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain) |
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Stage 3
Electrons are shuttled through electron transport chain
ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation -->chemiosmosis
Happens in inner mitochondria |
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| Anerobic energy generating process |
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| Universal energy harvesting process of living organisms |
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| 3 sources of molecules that generate ATP |
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Definition
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats |
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| quantity of heat required to the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree C. |
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| An enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction during which one or more hydrogen atoms are removed from a molecule |
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| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; a co enzyme that can accept electrons during the redox reactions of cellular metabolism. the plus sign indicates that the molecule is oxidized and ready to pick up hydrogens; the reduced, hydrogen- (electron-) carrying form is NADH |
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| Energy-coupling mechanics that uses the energy of hydrogen ion (H+) gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP; powers most ATP synthesis in cells. |
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| A cluster of several membrane proteins that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. |
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| Substrate-level phosphorylation |
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| The formation of ATP by an enzyme directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an organic molecule |
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| One of the compounds that form between the initial reactant and the final product in a metabolic pathway, such as between glucose and pyruvate in glycolysis |
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| The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme |
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| The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide |
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| The conversion of pyruvate from glycolysis to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol |
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| An organism that only carries out fermentation; such organisms cannot use oxygen and also may be poisoned by it. |
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| An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but that switches to fermentation when oxygen is absent. |
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