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Definition
| partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the help of oxygen |
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Definition
| efficient catabolic pathway that proceeds to oxidize glucose in the presence of oxygen |
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Definition
| reactions that involve electron transfer from one element to another |
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Definition
| loss of electrons; oxidation number becomes more positive |
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Definition
| gain of electrons, oxidation number becomes more negative |
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Definition
| the electron donor; substance being oxidized |
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Definition
| electron acceptor; substance being reduced |
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Definition
| nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidizing agent during respiration; hydrogen atoms are transferred to it and extracted later in the ETC |
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Definition
| proteins built into the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria that act as electron shuttles to the eventual electron acceptor- oxygen |
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Definition
| breaking glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules (2 NADH + 2 ATP) |
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| when oxygen is present, completes the breakdown of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. Produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP |
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| production of ATP via the electron transport chain, called so because it is powered by the redox reactions that transfer electrons from food to oxygen |
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Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| formation of ATP in glycolysis and Krebs cycle without the use of oxygen in the electron transport chain |
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Definition
| 2 carbon molecule that is formed when pyruvate enters the mitochondria. Carbon substrate that enters the Krebs cycle |
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Definition
| proteins in the electron transport chain, similar in structure to hemoglobin with four organic rings surrounding a central iron atom |
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Definition
| enzyme that use the H+ gradient to power the pump that phosphorylates ADP to make ATP. Found on inner membrane of mitochondria |
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Definition
| the production of ATP using the energy of hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to phophorylate ADP |
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Definition
| H+ gradient in the inner membrane space of mitochondria resulting from the ETC |
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Definition
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| pyruvate converted to ethanol. regenerates necessary NAD+ for glycolysis to take place. Produces carbon dioxode (yeast) |
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Definition
| pyruvate degraded to lactate. No release of carbon dioxide. regenerates necessary NAD+ for glycolysis to occur. (muscles) |
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Term
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Definition
| having the ability to use either aerobic respiration or anaerobic fermentation to create energy. |
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