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Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
everything you need to know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration
62
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2009

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Term
C6H12+6o2--->6H2O+6O2
Definition
the equation for cellular respiration
Term
anaerobic respiration
Definition
requires no oxygen
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
requires oxygen
Term
what are the two anaerobes 
Definition
obligatory and facilitative 
Term
obligatory 
Definition
uses no oxygen
Term
facilitative 
Definition
can use oxygen or it can not use oxygen 
Term
how many Carbons does a glucose have
Definition
6
Term
what does glycolysis need to begin
Definition
2 ATP's 
Term
what does glycolysis end with
Definition
2 pyruvates 
Term
how many Carbons does a pyruvate have
Definition
3
Term
where does glycolysis occur
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
in glycolysis, where does the NADH go 
Definition
to the ETC
Term
for every NADH how may ATP's do you get?
Definition
3
Term
for every FADH2 how many ATP's do you get 
Definition
2
Term
where does the Kreb cycle occur
Definition
mitochondion
Term
what is need to begin the kreb cycle
Definition
a pyruvate
Term
what enzyme carries the pyruvate to the Krebs cycle and then goes back to glycolysis to pick up another
Definition
CoA
Term
how many net ATP's come from glycolysis?
Definition
2
Term
During glycolysis, what is it called if oxygen isnt present?
Definition
fermentation
Term
Is glycolysis anaerobic and aerobic? 
Definition
anaerobic 
Term
Is the ETC aerobic or anaerobic?
Definition
aerobic
Term
Where does the Transition reaction occur
Definition
it movies for the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion
Term
what does the Transition reaction end with
Definition
acetyl CoA
Term
how many Carbons are in Acetyl CoA 
Definition
2
Term
what does the Krebs cycle need to begin with
Definition
acetyl CoA
Term
what does the Krebs cycle release?
Definition
CO2
Term
How many ATP's come from the ETC 
Definition
34
Term
how many ATP's come from glycolysis 
Definition
2
Term
how many ATP's come from Krebs cycle
Definition
2
Term
how many ATP's come from the transition reaction
Definition
0
Term
what are the pores called on the bottom of a leaf
Definition
stomata
Term
what does the stomata do
Definition
they regulate the flow of O2 being released and the CO2 coming in 
Term
what is the wax called on the top of the leaf?
Definition
cuticle 
Term
during photosynthesis, what is the pigment called
Definition
chlorophyll 
Term
what is the organelle needed to go through photosynthesis 
Definition
chloroplast
Term
what are the hotcake,or coin looking structures in a chloroplast
Definition
the thylakoid membranes 
Term
what is a whole stack of thylakoid membranes called
Definition
grana or granum 
Term
what is stroma
Definition
the inside of the chloroplast, similar to cytoplasm in a cell
Term
how many sub pathways are there in photosynthesis 
Definition
2
Term
what are the 2 sub pathways of photosynthesis 
Definition
light dependent and light independent 
Term
where does the light dependent occur
Definition
the thylakoid
Term
what does the light dependent require 
Definition
sunlight
Term
what are the two types of chlorophyll 
Definition
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
Term
where does the light independent occur
Definition
in the stroma 
Term
what is another name for the light independent reaction
Definition
C3 cycle or calvin cycle 
Term
what is photorespiration 
Definition
it is the break down of the C3 cycle during drought. The plant is unable to get CO2 from the outside so it uses O2 for the cycle and it kills the plant.
Term
how many carbons in ethyl alcohol 
Definition
4
Term
where does the ETC occur
Definition
mitochondrion 
Term
how do C4 plants reduce the chance of photorespiration 
Definition
they move the C3 away from the Stomata  and it uses pepco instead of rubisco to pick up the CO2
Term
how do CAM plants reduce the chance of photorespiration?
Definition
they open the stomata at night and during the day it closes and stores the O2
Term
what does rubisco do?
Definition
it picks up the CO2 from the stomata and brings it to the C3 cycle
Term
what are the net products of fermentation
Definition
acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH
Term
what enters the C3 cycle that is not provided by the light dependent cycle?
Definition
CO2
Term
when does the C3 cycle occur
Definition
during daylight and as long as the light dependent cycle occurs
Term
what does the pepco do in the C4 plants
Definition
it allows the stomata to slightly open to let the CO2 in and it only picks up CO2 and hand feeds it to the rubisco
Term
what is produced in the light dependent that goes to the light independent 
Definition
NADPH
Term
during light dependent, how many routes can the electron path chose from
Definition
2
Term
which pathway does the electron normally chose to go 
Definition
the non cyclic route 
Term
where does the light dependent get its extra electron if it choses the non cyclic path
Definition
from chlorophyll b
Term
how does chlorophyll b get the electron
Definition
it gains one from the H that the NADPH drops and after 2 drop it forms H2O and since chlorophyll b is strong it breaks the bond and takes the electron from the H and releases the O2
Term
what does the light dependent need from the light independent 
Definition
ADP+P
Term
after the electron goes to the chlorophyll A, from there where does it go 
Definition
feredoxin
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