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| a thick liquid in all cells that contain all the materials a cell needs including its cytosol and organelles. It does not include the nucleus.Cytosol is also found in cytoplasm. |
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| A specialized "organ" in a cell with a specific function |
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| Function of the Cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| To hold organelles and cell shape in place |
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Definition
Cilia are hair like protusions on cells that allow for the movement of items along a membrane such as the osaphagus.
Flagella is tail like and functions in moving the entire cell from one area to another such as a sperm cell to get to an egg cell. |
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| Assemble amino acids to form proteins. Ribosomes are located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Further processes proteins. Here is where proteins form the correct shape to be transported. |
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| A detoxification zone of cells. |
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| Processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their destination |
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Are membrane bound vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. The enzymes degrade proteins,lipids and carbohydrates and are formed in the rough ER. Lysosomes basically clean up the cell of old organelles, old proteins and lipids and potentialy harmful bacteria and virus'. Once the enzymes leave the Rough ER they are transported to the golgi apparatus whic are then packaged and sent out to the cell where they need to be.
animation of this function:
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__lysosomes.html |
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| Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP) is created in the mitochondria. It is also important in the process of cell cycle and cell growth |
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| A gene is a molecular unit of heredity in a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism |
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| a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in cells.The nuclear envelope also serves as the physical barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus (DNA in particular) from the cytosol (cytoplasm). Many nuclear pores are inserted in the nuclear envelope, which facilitate and regulate the exchange of materials (proteins such as transcription factors, and RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
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| a small rounded body within a resting nucleus that contains RNA and proteins and is involved in the production of ribosomes |
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| The translation of information encoded in a gene into protein or RNA |
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| It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases. |
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Definition
| Is an enzyme that is responsible for making rna from a dna template. In all cells RNAP is needed for constructing rna chains from a dna template, a process termed transcription |
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Definition
| The genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA. |
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| Plasma Membrane-Phospholipid bilayer |
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Definition
The two layers of phospholipids arranged in such a way that their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards while their polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces
he organization of the phospholipids are essential in cell membrane functions, such as the selective permeability to ions and molecules between the cell and the environment. The lipid bilayer of the cell membranes of many animals and plants have proteins dispersed or interspersed on the lipid bilayer. This organization functions primarily in the selective transport of molecules in and out of the cell. |
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Definition
| Prevents fluid leakage from the lumen into the intercellular space. In a tight junction there is no intracellulars space. |
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| They appear as bands around cells. They hold cells that are adjacent to each other together. |
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| Designed to hold two cells together in a small spot. They are randomly located on the side walls of cells. |
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| Are similar to desmesomes because they are both randomly placed spot "welds" that hold a cell in place. But hemidesmesomes attach basement cells to the basement membrane. |
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Definition
| occur on all sides of a cell. They allow for the transfer of cellular signals and products that need to be transfered to another cell. Also aid in osmosis and diffusion. |
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Definition
Apical
Basal
Lateral
Basement membrane |
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