Term
| Know the 3 Domains of Life |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of cells and their characteristics? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic - No nucleus, smaller/less complex, and no membrane bound organelles. |
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Term
| Which domains of life are Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells found? |
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Definition
Eukaryotic - Eukarya
Prokaryotic - Bacteria and Archaea |
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Term
| All cells have four things. What are they? |
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Definition
| Bound by a plasma membrane, contain DNA, have ribosomes,and contain cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| First to observe and coin the term "cells" after seeing cork under a microscope. |
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Term
| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek? Huh? |
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Definition
| First to observe living bacteria (from his gums) and protozoa. He also invented a higher power microscope! |
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Term
| What the heck is the Schleiden and Schwann cell theory? |
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Definition
All living things are composed of similar things called cells. Easy, right?
Rudolph Virchow added (1858): cells only arise from pre-existing cells. |
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Term
| MODERN CELL THEORY. (DUN, dun, dunnn.) |
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Definition
1) All living things are made up of similar units called cells.
2) The cell is the structural AND functional unit of all things.
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
4) Cells contain hereditary info. which is passed from cell to cell during division.
5) All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
6) All energy flow (aka metabolism and biochem.) of life occurs within cells. |
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Term
| Define: Matter, Mass, Element, and Atom |
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Definition
Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass
Mass: A measure of how much matter is in an object
Element: A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions
Atom: The smallest sub-unit a substance can form and still have the properties of an element |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom with a net charge due to the gain or loss of an electron |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which elements are most likely to form ionic bonds with each other? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A positively charged subatomic particle. m= 1 Dalton |
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Term
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Definition
| A subatomic particle with a neutral charge. m= 1 Dalton |
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Term
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Definition
| A subatomic particle with a negative charge. m= negligible |
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Term
| What are the four types of bonds? |
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Definition
| Covalent, polar, Hydrogen, and van der Waals |
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Term
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Definition
| All atoms seek 8 electrons in any valence shell past the first (which seeks 2). |
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Term
| 4 key elements that make up 96% of living matter? |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
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Term
| What the heck is a hydrogen bond? |
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Definition
| When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is also attracted to an electronegative atom on a different molecule. A cheating spouse! |
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Term
| 4 main properties of water |
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Definition
| Cohesion, moderation of temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatile solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom; "the chemical properties of an atom are determined by the outermost electron shell" |
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Term
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Definition
| The space in which an shell of electrons may orbit. |
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Term
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Definition
| each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties. |
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Term
| What 4 macromolecules are in living cells? |
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Definition
Polymers:Carbohydrates, Proteins, Amino Acids
Non-polymers: Lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecule: a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water. Think Wicked Witch of the West. |
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Term
| Define condensation reaction. |
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Definition
| A chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties (functional groups) combine to form a larger molecule, together with the loss of an H2O molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our bodies break down carbohydrates in order to make glucose. Glucose is a sugar that our body uses to give us energy. Carbohydrates generally provide us with fiber, vitamins and minerals. |
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Term
| Saccharide? So complicated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basic formula for a carbohydrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Storage and structure, which polysaccharide does which? |
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Definition
| Glycogen and starch: storage. Cellulose and chitin: structure. |
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Term
| Glycosidic bonds have got to be hard. Are they? |
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Definition
| No! In Glycogen and Starch, just know there is an alpha bond. In Chitin and Cellulose, just know there is a beta bond. |
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Term
| What is a glycemic index? |
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Definition
| A system that ranks foods on a scale from 1 to 100 based on their effect on blood-sugar levels. |
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Term
| Here's a tough one: what is ATP? |
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Definition
| Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. |
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Term
| Some things to know about your atoms. |
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Definition
Atomic mass= # of protons
Mass number= # of protons + # of neutrons
# of neutrons = mass# - atomic# |
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Term
| Equation for pKa (acid dissociation constant) |
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Definition
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Term
| The three most electornegative elements in biology? |
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Definition
| Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur |
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Term
| Two important trace elements? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, and Magnesium |
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