Term
| What does the cellular membrane consist of? |
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Definition
A phospholipid bilayer which is the cell membrane.
1) Polar hydrophilic head composed of glycerol moieties
2) Fatty acid hydrophobic tail composed of carbohydrate chains. There are 2 fatty acid tails per phospholipid. |
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Term
| What does amphipathic mean? |
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Definition
| It is composed of 2 molecules or components. ex. lipid bilayer. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS BOTH THE CYTOSOL AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPRISED OF? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW DO YOU TELL WHICH SIDE OF THE MEMBRANE IS INSIDE VS OUTSIDE? |
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Definition
| GLYCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOLIPIDS EXIST ON THE EXTRACELLULAR SURFACE OF CELLS. |
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Term
| WHAT IS A GLYCOPROTEIN AND A GLYCOLIPID? |
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Definition
| THEY ARE BOTH NOTHING MORE THAN CARBOHYDRATES. IF YOU TAKE CHO AND STICK IT ON A PROTEIN IT IS CALLED A GLYCOPROTEIN. IF YOU TAKE CHO AND STICK IT ON A LIPID IT BECOMES A GLYCOLIPID. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 PROTEINS THAT EXIST INSIDE THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER? |
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Definition
| INTEGRAL (TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN) AND PERIPHERAL PROTEINS. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES A INTEGRAL PROTEIN DO? |
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Definition
| IT PASSES ALL THE WAY THROUGH BOTH SURFACES AND IT IS HOW WE TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CELL TO THE OTHER SINCE THEY MAKE CONTACT WITH THE OUTSIDE AND INSIDE OF THE CELL. |
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Term
| WHAT CAN THE INEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS BE? |
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Definition
| RECEPTORS, CHANNELS, OR STRUCTURAL PROTEINS |
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Term
| WHAT DO PERIPHERAL PROTEINS DO? WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED? WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THESE PROTEINS ARE DAMAGED? |
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Definition
| GIVE THE CELL ITS SHAPE. ON THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE. DAMAGE TO THESE PROTEINS CHANGES SHAPE AND FUNCTION. |
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Term
| WHAT IS A FLUID MOSAIC MODEL? |
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Definition
| THE MODEL OF DESCRIPTION OF HOW THE POLAR HEADS CONSTANTLY MOVE. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS? |
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Definition
| EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, NERVOUS |
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Term
| WHAT DOES STRATIFIED MEAN? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW MANY LAYERS DOES SIMPLE EPITHELIAL CELLS EXIST IN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS A BASEMENT MEMBRANE? |
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Definition
| THE "GLUE" THAT HOLDS THE CELLS TOGETHER. |
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Term
| WHICH SIDE IS THE APICAL AKA LUMINAL SURFACE AT ON THE CELL AND WHICH SIDE IS THE BASOLATERAL SURFACE OF THE CELL? |
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Definition
| THE APICAL PART IS IN CONTACT WITH THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE BASOLATERAL IS IN CONTACT WITH THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. |
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Term
| WHAT IS VERY IMPORTANT IN RELATION TO POSITION CONCERNING THE APICAL AND BASOLATERAL SURFACE? |
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Definition
| THAT THEY STAY ON THEIR DESIGNATED SIDE. |
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Term
| WHAT PREVENTS THE 2 PROTEINS FROM SWITCHING SIDES? |
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Definition
| TIGHT JUNCTIONS. EX. LINE ON A SWIMMING POOL SEPARATING DEEP AND SHALLOW END. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE CHOLESTEROL DO THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE HYDOPHOBIC TAILS. |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME THE 3 TYPES OF DIFFUSION. |
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Definition
| SIMPLE, CHANNEL-MEDIATED, AND CARRIER MEDIATED |
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Term
| HOW MOLECULES GET FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CELL TO THE OTHER IS DEPENDENT ON WHAT? |
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Definition
| THE MOLECULE. SIZE, ELECTRICAL CHARGE, AND COMPOSITION ALL COME INTO PLACE. |
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Term
| WHAT MOLECULES ARE LIPID SOLUBLE AND PARTICIPATE IN SIMPLE DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
| O2, CO2, AND UREA. THESE WILL MOVE INTO AND OUT OF THE CELL DEPENDING ON THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS. |
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Term
| HOW DO MOLECULES MOVE IN RELATION TO THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? |
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Definition
| FROM AN AREA WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION |
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Term
| THE NET MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCE FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER WILL CONTINUE AS LONG AS WHAT? |
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Definition
| THERE IS A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. AS SOON AS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT REACHES ZERO THE MOVEMENT STOPS. |
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Term
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Definition
| FOR EVERY MOLECULE THAT MOVES ONE WAY ANOTHER MOLECULE MOVES IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION. DIFFUSION STILL OCCURS BUT THE NET DIFFUSION IS EQUAL TO ZERO. |
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Term
| WHAT IS VERY IMPORTANT ABOUT A CHARGED SUBSTANCE IN RELATION TO THE LIPID BIPLAYER? |
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Definition
| WHEN A SUBSTANCE HAS A CHARGE IT CANNOT PASS THROUGH THE LIPID BILAYER. |
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Term
| SINCE CHARGED PARTICLES CAN'T PASS THROUGH A LIPID BILAYER AND DON'T PARTICIPATE IN SIMPLE DIFFUSION HOW DO THEY GET TO INSIDE OF THE CELL? |
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Definition
| THROUGH CHANNEL-MEDIATED FACILITATED DIFFUSION. |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF PORE IS FORMED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CHANNEL-MEDIATED PROTEIN? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOES THE CHANNEL-MEDIATED FACILITATED DIFFUSION REQUIRE ENERGY? |
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Definition
| NO. DIFFUSION DOESN'T REQUIRE ENERGY.*** IT MOVES BASED ON A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. |
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Term
| WHAT SIZE OF MOLECULES TYPICALLY ARE USED FOR CARRIER-MEDIATED FACILITATED DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE BIGGEST DIFFERENT BETWEEN CHANNEL-MEDIATED AND CARRIER-MEDIATED? WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON? |
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Definition
| THE CHANNEL IS CONTINUOSULY OPEN WHEREAS THE CARRIER DRUMPS AND RESETS. THEY BOTH ARE SIMILAR IN THE FACT THAT THEY BOTH WORK WITH THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. |
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Term
| IN RELATION TO TRANS-MEMBRANE DIFFUSION, WHAT IS FICK'S LAW OF DIFFUSION DEPENDENT ON? 4 ANSWERS. |
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Definition
| SURFACE AREA, MEMBRANE THICKNESS, MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY (DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT), CONCENTRATION GRADIENT |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR FICK'S LAW OF DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
| RATE OF DIFFUSION = CONCENTRATION GRADIENT X SA X DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT/ MEMBRANE THICKNESS |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR DIFFUSION COEFF? |
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Definition
| DIFFUSION COEF = PERMEABILITY/SQRT OF THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT |
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Term
| HOW DOES THE SIZE OF THE MOLECULE EFFECT THE TIME DIFFUSION TAKES PLACE? |
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Definition
| THE BIGGER THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT, THE SLOWER THE DIFFUSION TAKES PLACE. |
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Term
| HOW DOES THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECT THE RATE OF DISTRICUTION? |
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Definition
| THE HIGHER THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT THE HIGHER THE RATE OF DISTRIBUTION. |
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Term
| HOW DOES THE SURFACE AREA OF THE MOLECULE EFFECT THE DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
| THE SMALLER THE SURFACE AREA, THE FASTER THE DIFFUSION. |
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Term
| THE STEEPNESS OF A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE RATE OF WHAT? |
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Definition
| DIFFUSION. AS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FOES UP THE RATE OF DIFFUSION GOES UP. |
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Term
| HOW DOES SIZE EFFECT DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
| THE SMALLER THE MOLECULE THE FASTER IT DIFFUSES. |
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Term
| HOW DOES AN INCREASE IN THE DIFFUSION DISTANCE EFFECT DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
| AN INCREASE IN DIFFUSION DISTANCE DECREASES THE RATE OF DIFFUSION. |
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Term
| IN SIMPLE DIFFUSION AS THE CONCENTRATION INCREASES WHAT HAPPENS TO THE RATE OF DIFFUSION? |
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Definition
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Term
| DESCRIBE WHY FACILITATED DIFFUSION IS DEPENDENT ON THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT UNTIL IT REACHES A PLATEAU. |
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Definition
| THERE IS ONLY A CERTAIN NUMBER OF CHANNELS/CARRIERS. ONCE ALL OF THEM ARE OPEN AND THEY ARE WORKING AS FAST AS THEY CAN IT DOESN'T MATTER IF I DOUBLE THE CONCENTRATION ON THE OUTSIDE, I CAN ONLY PUSH SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE CHANNEL BEFORE IT PLATEAUS OFF. |
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Term
| IS DIFFUSION AN ACTIVE OR PASSIVE PROCESS? |
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Definition
| PASSIVE. IT DOESN'T REQUIRE ENERGY AND MOVES RELATED TO A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. |
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Term
| NAME THE 3 TYPES OF ION CHANNELS? |
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Definition
| LEAK, VOLTAGE GATED, AND LIGAND GATED |
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Term
| DESCRIBE LEAK ION CHANNELS. |
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Definition
| THEY ARE NOT GATED, THERFORE ARE ALWAYS OPEN. THIS ALLOWS IONS TO MOVE IN BOTH DIRECTIONS. EX A HOLE IN THE WALL WITHOUT A DOOR. |
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Term
| DESCRIBE VOLTAGE GATED ION CHANNELS. |
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Definition
| IT CONTAINS A GATE WHICH MEANS IT CAN BE OPEN TO ALLOW THINGS TO COME IN OR CLOSED WHICH PREVENTS THINGS FROM MOVING OUT. WHEN VOLTAGE CHANGES INSIDE THE CELL, IT CHANGES THE CHARGE AND THE GATE OPEN. IN SUMMARIZATION YOU CHANGE FROM OPEN TO CLOSED STATE BY CHANGING THE VOLTAGE. |
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Term
| DESCRIBE LIGAND GATES ION CHANNELS? |
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Definition
| A LIGAND IS LIKE A KEY WHEREAS THE CHANNEL IS THE LOCK. THE CHANNEL STAYS CLOSED UNTIL THE LOCK (CHANNEL) BINDS THE LIGAND (KEY). WHEN THE LIGAND GOES INTO THE LOCK THE CHANNEL OPENS. |
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Term
| HOW DOES A CHANNEL ALLOW SODIUM TO COME IN AND POTASSIUM TO GO OUT? |
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Definition
| CHANGES IN VOLTAGE AND CHANGES IN LIGAND. |
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