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Definition
| paired organelles composed of microtubules near the nucleus that are used to organize the spindle microtubules that attach to chromosomes during mitosis. form the base of cilia and flagella |
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Term
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Definition
refers to the "colored stuff" found in the nucleus; consists of uncoiled chromosome and associated proteins
- Threadlike strands of DNA and histones
- Arranged in nucleosomes
- Form condensed, barlike bodies of chromosomes when the nucleus starts to divide
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Definition
| acts to suspend cellular organelles; contains enzymes that mediate cytosolic reactions such as glycosis and fermentation |
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Definition
| Provides the main structural support for the cell and is composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments |
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
Site of lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and alcohol (smooth ER). Also synthesizes proteins destined for cell membrane, for lysosomes or for secretion.
- Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae
- Continuous with the nuclear membrane
- Two varieties – rough ER and smooth ER
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Definition
| A stack of flattened membranes that receive proteins from the rough ER then modify, package, and sort them for delivery to other organelles or to the plasma membrane of the cell. |
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Definition
Membrane enclosed sacs that contain digestive enzymes; function in the breakdown of intracellular debris
- Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins
- Degrade nonfunctional organelles
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Term
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Definition
| Referred to as powerhouse of the cell . These organelles are the site of cellular respiration; metabolic pathway that utilizes oxygen in the breakdown of food molecules to produce ATP |
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Definition
| synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
- Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets
- Gene-containing control center of the cell
- Contains the genetic library with blueprints for nearly all cellular proteins
- Dictates the kinds and amounts of proteins to be synthesized
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Definition
| membrane enclosed sacs that contain catalase and other oxidative enzymes. The enzymes break down lipids and toxic substances by first converting them into hydrogen peroxide and then breaking down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. |
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Definition
| Provides a selectively premeable barrier between the intracellular and extracellular environments of the cell |
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Definition
| sites of protein synthesis: may be bound to the ER (fixed) or found within the cytoplasm (free) |
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Term
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Definition
-basic structural and functional unit of life
-smallest living unit
-over 200 diff cell types |
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Definition
| plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
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Definition
-seperates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids
-dynamic role in cellular activity
-Glycocalyx is a glycoprotein and glycolipid area abutting the cell that provides highly specific biological markers by which cells recognize one another. Your cells are sugar coated. |
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Term
| In the fluid Mosaic Model, there is a double layer of lipids with 2 types of dispersed proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| In the fluid mosaic model, the bilayer consists |
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Definition
| phospholipids, cholesterol & glycolipids |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids bound with carbohyrdrate |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads (bipoles) |
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Term
| 3 ways glycoproteins act as adhesive (wavy contours fit together and special junctions form) |
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Definition
1) tight junctions
2) demosomes
3) gap junctions |
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Definition
| impermeabe junction, nothing passes between cell (except maybe a couple of ions) |
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Term
| desmosome (membrane junction) |
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Definition
strong junction, resists stress, found in skin |
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Definition
| communication junction, helps synchronize electrical activity |
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Definition
| -material between membrane and nucleus |
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Definition
- largely water with dissolved protein, salts, sugars, and other solutes
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Definition
- metabolic machinery of the cell
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Term
| Specialized Cell compartments of cytoplasmic organelles |
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Definition
1st (membranous): mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
2nd (nonmembranous): Cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes
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Term
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Definition
- Double membrane structure with shelf like cristae
- Provide most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic cellular respiration
- Contain their own DNA and RNA
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Term
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Definition
| includes the nuclear envelope, smooth and rough ER, lysosomes, vacuoles, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, and the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
- Dynamic strands of the protein actin
- Attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
- Braces and strengthens the cell surface
- Attach to CAMs (cell adhesion molecules), function in cell division, ameboid motion, endocytosis and exocytosis
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Term
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Definition
- Tough, insoluble proteins
- Diameter between that of MF and MT (that’s why they are called Intermediate Filaments)
- Look like ropes with high tensile strength
- Most stable and permanent
- Form internal structure, ie, keratin in epithelials
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Term
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Definition
- Dynamic, hollow tubes made of the spherical protein tubulin
- Determine the overall shape of the cell and distribution of organelles
- Organelles, lysosomes and secretory granules move along the MT by motor proteins
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Term
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Definition
- Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells
- Move substances in one direction across cell surfaces
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Term
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Definition
-Selectively permeable double membrane barrier containing pores
-Outer membrane is continuous with the rough ER and is studded with ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
- Dark-staining spherical bodies within the nucleus
- Site of ribosome production
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Term
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Definition
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Growth (G1), synthesis (S), growth (G2)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase |
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